• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.273-277
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• 2003

Salicornia herbacea is an annual herb growing in salt marshes and on muddy seashores. Salicornia herbacea has been used as a fork medicine as well as a seasoned vegetable. In fork medicine, Salicornia herbacea has been used to treat a variety of diseases such as constipation, obesity, diabetes, asthma, arthritis and cancer. However, the biological mechanisms for these activities have not been characterized, nor the active components. The immunomodulatory activity of Salicornia herbacea components were studied in the present study. The components of Salicornia herbacea were prepared from the whole plant by passage through a fine screen, and then dialyzed against PBS overnight. Immunomodulatory activities of the Salicornia herbacea components were examined on a mouse macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7 cells. The Salicornia herbacea components were shown to stimulate cytokine production, nitric oxide release, and expression of surface molecules in a dose dependent manner. The Salicornia herbacea components also induced further differentiation of slightly adherent RAW 264.7 cell into strongly adherent macrophages. These results indicate that Salicornia herbacea contains immunomodulator(s) that induces activation of macrophages.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.908-913
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• 2008

함초의 식품에서 활용도를 높이기 위한 기초 연구로서, 함초의 제빵 적성에 대해 검토하였다. 함초 분말의 수분함량은 9.39%, 조회분은 25.60%, 조섬유는 73.02%이었으며, 철분과 칼슘의 함량은 각각 17.6 mg%, 117.5 mg%였다. 반죽의 pH는 함초 분말 첨가에 의해 뚜렷한 값의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 함초 분말 6.0% 첨가구의 발효능은 대조구보다 다소 낮게 나타났으며, 그 외 함초 첨가구는 대조구보다 높게 나타났다. 굽기 손실률은 함초 분말 0.6% 첨가구를 제외한 나머지 첨가구는 대조구보다 굽기 손실률이 낮게 나타났다. 함초 분말 첨가량이 증가할수록 빵의 무게도 증가하였으나 대조구와 유의적인 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 반면에 식빵의 부피는 함초 첨가 농도가 증가할수록 감소하였다. 빵 반죽의 색도는 함초 분말의 첨가량이 증가할수록, L값(백색도)과 b값(황색도)은 감소하였고, a값(적색도)은 증가하였다. 함초 분말 첨가 식빵의 기호성은 맛과 풍미, 색의 경우 함초 분말 1.2% 첨가구가 대조구보다 증가하였다. 종합적 기호도는 대조구와 큰 차이를 나타내지 않았다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.472-480
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• 2014

함초 분말의 첨가 비율(0, 2, 4, 6, 8%)을 달리하여 제조한 함초 청포묵의 수분 함량은 무첨가구와 6% 첨가구가 가장 높고, 8% 첨가구가 가장 낮은 경향을 나타내었다. 염도는 첨가 비율이 증가할수록 높아졌으나, 유의적 차이는 나타내지 않았으며, 총 페놀성 화합물 함량과 DPPH radical 소거능은 함초 첨가량의 증가에 따라 유의적으로 높은 수준을 나타내었다. 총 균수는 첨가 비율이 증가할수록, 저장 기간이 길어질수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 대장균은 모두 음성으로 불검출되었다. 총 이수율은 함초 첨가량이 증가할수록 줄어들었다. 기계적 품질 특성의 경도(hardess)는 저장 기간이 길어질수록 유의적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었고, 함초 첨가시 무첨가군에 비해 증가 수준이 둔화되었다. 응집성(cohesiveness)은 저장 기간에 따른 변화가 미미하였으며, 탄력성(springiness)은 저장 기간이 길어질수록 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다. 점착성(gumminess)은 함초 첨가구가 무첨가구에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 소비자 기호도 검사에서 함초 4% 첨가구가 다른 시료에 비해 향, 맛, 짠맛, 텍스쳐, 전체적인 기호도 항목에서 유의적으로 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 이상의 연구 결과, 함초는 동결 건조로 분말을 제조하여 식품조리 및 식품가공 등에 유용하게 활용이 가능하고, 다양한 기능성 식품을 개발할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 함초 분말을 이용한 청포묵을 제조할 경우, 수분 함량, 색도, 염도, 총 페놀성 화합물 함량, 총 균수, 총 이수율과 기계적 품질 특성과 소비자 기호도 조사 등을 연구한 결과, 함초 분말 4%의 첨가 비율이 가장 적절한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.188-197
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• 2010

In this study, the quality characteristics and storage properties of gat kimchi added with oyster shell powder and Salicornia herbacea powder were investigated during a storage time of 80 days at $5^{\circ}C$. After storage for 80 days, the average calcium contents were significantly higher in the kimchi containing the oyster shell powder and Salicornia herbacea powder than the control. In addition, the average hardness value was significantly higher in the OS4 group(oyster shell powder at 4% and Salicornia herbacea powder at 2%) than the control group, as well as the OS10 group(oyster shell powder at 10% and Salicornia herbacea powder at 2%) during storage for 80 days. The hunter b value of the OS4 group was significantly lower than the control group. During fermentation, gat kimchi containing the oyster shell powder and Salicornia herbacea powder had a higher pH and a lower acidity value than the control group. In terms of sensory evaluation, there were no significant differences between the control and calcium-added kimchi during fermentation. After 40 days of storage, the OS4 group showed a lower total viable count, as well as lower lactic acid bacteria, yeast and E. coli, as compared with the control and OS10 groups. Based on the microbial load, the gat kimchi containing the oyster shell powder showed limitations in terms of shelf life.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.1034-1036
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• 2004

Four compounds were isolated from Salicornia herbacea by repeated column chromatography. Their structures were identified as ${\beta}$-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), uracil (3), and isorhamnetin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (4) by spectral analysis and comparison with the published data.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.129-133
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• 2009

Salicornia herbacea is rich in natural minerals, dietary fibers, and potentially health-promoting phenolic compounds. In this paper, an experimental design was applied for the optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from lyophilized Salicornia herbacea powder. The experiments were conducted in accordance with a five-level, three-variable central composite rotatable design (CCRD), and the effects of solvent concentration, extraction time, and extraction temperature were evaluated via response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration, 76.80%; extraction time, 20 min; and extraction temperature, $33.21^{\circ}C$; and the solvent concentration was the most significant parameter in this process, under which the predicted total phenolic content was 49.91 mg GAE/g sample.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.256-264
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• 2006

Salicornia herbacea L. (Chenopodiaceae) has been used as a seasoned vegetable by living in coastal areas. S. herbacea (SH) has been demonstrated to stimulate cytokine production, nitric oxide release, and to show anti-oxidative effect. In a series of investigations to develop potential anti-diabetic and/or anti-hyperlipidemic agents from Korean indigenous plants, 50% ethanol extract of Salicornia herbacea was found to prevent the onset of the hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia induced by high fat diet in ICR mice. At 6 week old, the ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups; two control and three treatment groups. The control mice were to receive either a regular diet (RD) or high-fat diet (HFD), and the treatment groups were fed a high fat diet with either 350 mg/kg, 700 mg/kg of SH (SH350 and SH700) or 250 mg/kg of met-formin (MT250) for a 10-week period. SH not only reduced body weight but also corrected associated hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in a dose dependent manner. SH exerted beneficial effects on the plasma glucose and lipid homeostasis possibly ascribed to its specific effects on lipogenesis related genes (SREBP1a, FAS, GAPT), and PEPCK, glucose 6-phosphatase gene expressions in liver. Ethanol extract of S. herbacea has potential as a preventive agent for type 2 diabetes (and possibly hyperlipidemia) and deserves future clinical trial.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.261-264
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• 2002

The physiologically relevant functional properties of various solvent extracts from Salicornia herbacea leaves were investigated by measuring lipid peroxidation, DPPH radical scavenging, nitrite scavenging, and xanthine oxidase inhibition. Ethyl ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions obtained from the 80% aqueous ethanol extracts of Salicornia herbacea leaves showed strong antioxidative activities in linoleic acid methyl esters. Peroxide values (POV) were not significantly different among the samples treated with the different fractions; the incubation time required to reach a peroxide value of 80 meq/kg was about 40 hrs. However, control linoleic acid methyl esters had POV of more than 480 meq/kg after 40 hrs. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the ethyl acetate fraction was much more effective than diethyl ether, n-butanol, chloroform and water fractions, with an $IC_{50}$/ of 279 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, but less effective than ascorbic acid ($IC_{50}$/ : 67 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL). The nitrite scavenging activities of all fractions increased as pH decreased. Among the fractions, nitrite scavenging activities of diethyl ether and ethyl acetate fractions at pH 1.2 were highest at 59.0 and 56.2%, respectively. The diethyl ether fraction obtained from the 80% aqueous ethanol extract of Salicornia herbacea loaves was the most effective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase of all the solvent extracts at 84% inhibition for a 1 mg/mL concentration. These results suggest that Salicornia herbacea leaf extracts may be effective antioxidants, not only in food stability, but also in human health.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.96-102
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• 2023

Salicornia herbacea, a noted halophyte, has been widely researched for its diverse physiological activities. The continuous exploration of its compounds is essential. This study employed gas chromatography (GC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) for qualitative analysis. This involved pretreatment including trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization of the S. herbacea extract, facilitating its GC analysis. Five compounds, including various fatty acids and β-sitosterol, were identified by direct analysis of the methanol extract of S. herbacea without pretreatment by GC-MS. Conversely, the analysis of the TMS-derivatized extract revealed 28 distinct peaks. Quantitative analysis further indicated that the predominant compounds in the S. herbacea extract were sugars and sugar derivatives, notably glucose, fructose, and glucitol. The collective concentration of these sugars and its derivatives amounted to 116.45 mg/g, representing 11.6% of the dry weight of the raw S. herbacea. Following sugars and their derivatives, fatty acids constituted the next most abundant group of compounds. However, the presence of amino acids and organic acids was relatively low.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.1314-1319
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• 2007

본 연구는 일반 김과 기능성 김의 성분과 관능평가를 비교하기 위하여 전남 신안군에 위치하고 있는 김 제조업체에서 제품을 제공받아 일반 김, 목초액 김, 함초 김, 퉁퉁마디 참숯돌김의 일반성분, 무기질 함량, 중금속 함량, 구성아미노산 분석 및 김을 굽기 전과 구운 후의 관능평가를 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 일반성분은 탄수화물과 조 섬유 함량을 제외하고는 일반 김에 비해 기능성 김에서 높게 나타났다. 무기질 함량에서 칼슘, 칼륨, 구리, 나트륨 함량은 함초 김, 철분 함량은 퉁퉁마디 참숯돌김에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 마그네슘과 아연을 제외하고는 기능성 김에서 높게 나타났다. 중금속 함량의 경우 크롬, 카드뮴, 납은 일반 김에서 높았고, 그 외 성분은 퉁퉁마디 참숯돌김에서 약간 더 높게 나타났으나 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 구성아미노산에서 일반 김과 기능성 김에서 대부분 glutamic acid, glycine, isoleucine, phenylalanine이 가장 많이 함유되어 있었으며, 특히 일반 김에 비하여 기능성 김에서 약 3배 정도 많이 나타난 아미노산은 alanine, phenylalanine이었으며, 일반 김과 목초액 김에 비하여 함초 김과 퉁퉁마디 참숯돌김은 serine과 lysine의 함량이 높게 나타난 것을 알 수 있었다. 관능평가결과에서는 김을 굽기 전에는 일반 김과 기능성 김 간의 차이는 없었으나 김을 구운 후에는 일반 김에 비하여 대부분의 기능성 김의 관능평가 결과가 유의적으로 높아졌음을 알 수 있었으며, 특히 목초액 김에 비하여 함초 김의 점수가 더 높게 나타났다.