• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.683-690
• /
• 2006

The chemical compositions of amino acids, minerals, betaine, and polyphenolic compounds from Salicornia herbacea (Hamcho) according to harvest periods were analyzed. Changes of chemical characteristics in water and ethanol extracts from Hamcho were evaluated for titratable acidity, pH, soluble solid, and Hunter's color values. The antioxidative activity of water extract from Hamcho was also determined by DPPH $({\alpha},{\alpha}'-diphenyl-{\beta}-picrylhydrazyl)$ scavenging radical activity. Total polyphenolic compounds of Hamcho were shown the highest in August harvested by 201.6 ppm. The betaine of Hamcho water-extract was identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which content was 0.248%, 0.269% and 0.204% in June, August, and October, respectively. Major compositional amino acids (mg%) were glutamic acid (582: 519: 664), proline (552: 471: 322), phenylalanine (480: 431: 424), aspartic acid (322: 297: 330), and arginine (282: 321: 483) in June, August, and October, respectively, and major free amino acids (mg%) were proline (9.7: 3.4), asparagine (6.7: 1.4), hydroxyproline (6.4: 2.8), valine (3.9: 2.5), arginine (1.7: 3.0) in June and August, respectively. Mineral contents (mg%) were Na (5,695: 7,536: 5,529), K (1,640: 963: 931), Mg (359: 428: 348), Ca (221: 234: 251), and P (207: 189: 259) in June, August, and October, respectively. Especially, K was high in June, Na and Mg were high in August, and Ca and P were high in October, respectively. DPPH scavenging radical activity was shown in the following order; 0.05% butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)> August> June> October harvested Hamcho. The chemical components of polyphenolic compounds, betaine, amino acids and minerals were changed by harvest periods according to the growing season, and the highest concentrations of polyphenolic compounds and betaine of Hamcho were shown in August harvested.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.9-18
• /
• 1990

For reaserching the factors of plants micro-distribution, accumulation of 5 minerals-total-nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium and calcium-for 19 plant species was investigated in reclaimed land, in western coast of Korea, In the five minerals, sodium contents were quite different among the species. Plant species were divided into 4 groups based on the sodium accumulation and accumulation site in plant tissue: Na accumultion type above-ground part>below-ground part : Triglochin maritimum, Chenopodium virgatum, Atriplex subcordata, Salicornia herbacea, Suaeda japonica, suaeda asparagoides, Limonium tetragonum, Aster tripolium, Artemisia scoparia, Sonchus brachyotus above-ground partbelow-ground part : Zoysia sinica, amagrostis epigeiosa bove-ground part

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Life Science Conference
• /
• 2005.09a
• /
• pp.53-53
• /
• 2005

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.133-140
• /
• 1985

Aboveground net productions of four stands in the coastal salt marsh of Incheon were estimated with three different methods: first method was to measure peak live standing crop; second to measure both live and dead standing crops; thrid to measure live and dead standing crops and dead disappearance as well. Net productions estimated by the first method were lowest with a difference of 28~50% from those by the third method. Whereas estimates by the second method approximated considerably to those by the third method with a difference of 4~15%. The third method figured out the highest values and seemed to be most appropriate in estimating net production of herbaceous community. Form these results it is known that live standing crop, dead standing crop and dead disappearance respectively accounted for about 60, 30, 10% of net production estimated by the third method. Annual net productions estimated by the third method for Suaeda japonica-Salicornia herbacea, Artemisia scoparia-Limonium tetragonum, Calamagrostis epigeios, and Sonchus brachyotus-Setaria viridis stand were 650, 1, 080, 1, 409 and 1, 126 g.$m^{-2}.yr^{-1}$, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.321-328
• /
• 1998

To describe the major environmental factors operating in coastal wetland and to characterize the distribution of the plant species over the wetland in relation to the major environmental gradients, 12 soil physical and chemical properties were determined. The gradient of water and osmotic potential of soil, electrical conductivity, sodium and chloride content and soil texture alsong the three habitat types of salt marshes, salt swamp and sand dune were occurred. The 24 coastal plant communities from principal component analysis (PCA) on the 12 variables were at designated as a gradient for soil texture and water potential related with salinity by Axis I and as a gradient for soil moisture and total nitrogen gradient by Axis II On Axis I were divided into 3 groups (1) 9 salt marsh communities including Salicornia herbacea communities (2) 5 salt swamp communities including Scirpus fluviatilis communities and (3) 10 sand dune communities including Jmperata cylindrica communities on Axis II were divided into 2 groups (1) salt marsh and sand dune communities, and (2) 3 salt swamp communities. The results could account for the zonation of plant communities on coastal wetland observed alsong envionmental gradients.

• ALGAE
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.175-187
• /
• 2012

Hainan is the second largest and southernmost island of China, and it harbors many species of the family Gracilariaceae. In this study, we conducted molecular and morphological analyses of gracilarian specimens collected from Hainan Island, to clarify their taxonomic identity and phylogenetic relationships. Five species of Gracilariaceae in Hainan were determined through maximum likelihood and Bayesian analysis of rbcL sequence data. Based on the phylogenetic trees and morphology, Hainan specimens were identified as three species of Gracilaria, one species of Gracilariopsis, and one species of Hydropuntia, namely, G. salicornia, G. tenuistipitata, Gracilaria sp., Gp. bailiniae and H. edulis. This is the first report of the molecular phylogeny of Gracilariaceae on Hainan Island, and it helps to clarify the taxonomy and distribution of gracilarian species in the Asia-Pacific region.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.61-69
• /
• 1996

The distribution of salt plant communities is conditioned by the gradient of salt concentration in the tidal land. The quantitative analyses of the salt vegetation were made to investigate the continuum in different stands of the tidal land in Namdong, Incheon City. The order in which the leading dominances are arranged is decided by the gradient of salt concentration. Wading dominant species, from the high level to the low level of the salt gradient, were Salicornia herbatacea, Sueda maritma, Limonium tetragonum, Aster tripolium, Atriplex tatarica, Catystegia soldonella, and Lathylus japonica These species form a continuum on the tidal land depending upon salt concentration. Key words: Continuum distribution, Salt gradient, Wading dominance.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
• /
• 2003.10b
• /
• pp.113.2-113.2
• /
• 2003

Inducible cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been implicated in the processes of inflammation and carcinogenesis. Thus, the potential COX-2 inhibitors have been considered as anti-inflammatory or cancer chemopreventive agents. In this study, we investigated the effect of Caffeoyl-4-dihydrocaffeoyl quinic acid (CDCQ) isolated from Salicornia herbacea on the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. When CDCQ was treated with LPS, the prostaglandin $E_2$ production and COX-2 gene expression induced by LPS were markedly reduced in a dose-dependent manner. (omitted)

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.44 no.4
• /
• pp.452-460
• /
• 2016

This study was designed to develop a functional pharma-food using Salicornia europaea (SE). Tiny seeds from the mature SE were collected, and their biological activities were evaluated. The extraction yield of the seed in hot water was found to be 29.6% and the hot water extract (HWE) contained 25.7 mg/g total polyphenol (TP) and 11.5 mg/g total flavonoid (TF), which are similar to those contained in leaf and stem of SE. Among the subsequent organic solvent fractions, the ethylacetate (EA) fraction exhibited the highest content of TP (158.3 mg/g), TF (136.2 mg/g), and total sugar (228.3 mg/g). The EA fraction exhibited broad-range antibacterial activities against gram-positive bacteria, and the butanol fraction exhibited growth inhibitory effect against only Staphylococcus epidermidis. An antioxidation activity assay of the HWE and its fractions showed the EA fraction to have the highest radical scavenging activity with $RC_{50}$ values of 57.0, 29.0, and $28.9{\mu}g/ml$ against DPPH anion, ABTS cation, and nitrite, respectively. The $RC_{50}$ values of vitamin C against DPPH anion, ABTS cation, and nitrite were 10.7, 4.0, and $18.0{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, indicating that the EA fraction of SE has potent antioxidant compounds. In an anticoagulation assay, the EA fraction exhibited a 15-fold extended thrombin time at 5 mg/ml and activated partial thromboplastin time at 7 mg/ml, which are comparable to the activities of aspirin. The HWE and its fractions had no hemolysis activities against human RBCs at up to 1 mg/ml. These results suggest that the EA fraction from SE has a great potential as a new antibacterial and anticoagulation agent.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.427-434
• /
• 2009

We collected glasswort (Salicornia herbacea L.) from the Jollanam-do area (Hwangsan-myeon in Haenam, Jeungdo-myeon in Sinan, and Yeomsan-myeon in Yeonggwang) from June to October 2007, and analyzed levels of total amino acids, free amino acids, and total polyphenolic compounds and electron donating ability and SOD-like activity. The total amino acid content was $3,338.75{\sim}4,491.63\;mg$/100 g in the sample from Haenam, $3,086.48{\sim}3,782.89\;mg$/100 g in the sample from Sinan, and $3,134.3{\sim}4,364.17\;mg$/100 g in the sample from Yeonggwang. Proline was the main free amino acid from June through to September, and the level increased during June, the early period of maturation, and then decreased with further ripening. The total content of free amino acids was $472.75{\sim}1,080.98\;mg$/100 g in the sample from Haenam, $440.46{\sim}621.77\;mg$/100 g in the sample from Sinan, and $387.64{\sim}669.28\;mg$/100 g in the sample from Yeonggwan. Total polyphenolic compound level was $11.1{\sim}15.61\;mg/g$ in the sample from Haenam, $12.71{\sim}21.03\;mg/g$ in the sample from Sinan, and $13.13{\sim}22.28\;mg/g$ in the sample from Yeonggwang. Electron donating ability was 53.8.70.9% in the sample from Haenam, $62.7{\sim}88.8%$ in the sample from Sinan, and $63.0{\sim}72.7%$ in the sample from Yeonggwang. SOD-like activity was $28.7{\sim}41.0%$ in the sample from Haenam, 28.5{\sim}36.5% in the sample from Sinan, and 23.5.39.6% in the sample from Yeonggwang.