• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.211-222
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to classify the expenditure behaviors of housewives into some types and to identify the characteristics of the types focucing on diverse expenditure behaviors of urban households. In this study it is assumed that the expenditure behaviors are classified by there factors-(1)the orientation of money saving (2)the orientation of time saving and (3)the orientation of others. The present study suggests following three questions. (1). Can the expenditure behaviors of urban housewives be classified according to the orientation of money saving the orientation of others? (2) What distictions exist among the types? (3) Which variables are useful in classifying the expenditure behaviors? For empirical analysis the data of the study was collected from 650 housewives living in Seoul. The statistical methods adopted for data analysis are frequency percentage mean Pearson's correlation coefficient factor analysis cluster analysis one way ANOVA Duncun's multiple ran e test and discriminant analysis. As the major findings 4 types were extracted, According to the level of each dimensions the names for the each type were given as "the type of attaching importance to money saving" "the type of attaching importance to time and appearance" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and time" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and time" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and time" "the type of attaching importance to money saving and appearance" In "the type of attaching importance to money saving" the significant portion of housewives have high school degrees and compared with other types this type includes more husbands having sales and service job 55% of housewives of "The type of attaching importance to time and appearance" have graduate or higher degrees. The significant part of earned incomes range from 3 million won to 5 million won. The rate of housewives employed in the professional job is higher than other types. In "The type of attaching importance to money saving and time" the rate of the employment of housewives in this type is the highest among the types. In "The type of attaching importance to money saving and appearance" the significant portion of housewives have graduate degrees. In the jobs of he spouses the management job is major. The consciousness of belonging to the middle class is higher than other types. In this type the level of education is high but that of income is not. The result of the discriminant analysis says that the earned income and the consciousness of belonging to a calss are the most critical variables to classify the expenditure behaviors into 4 type The accuray of the classification of the discrimination equation composed of these variables is 47,5% The accuracy is improved by 10%.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.151-161
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• 2016

As part of a policy to address climate change and pollution problem, the government introduced a green credit card scheme in order to motivate pro-environmental behaviors in July 2011. It is important to present the specific ways to facilitate pro-environmental behaviors using the consumer behavior pattern data. This study was a result of data from total fifty seven thousands customer purchasing history data of green credit card to be created for the 3 months from January to March 2015. As the analysis process is put in to operation the analysis of the purchasing customer's profile firstly, and the second come into association analysis to consider the buying associations for green products purchasing networks, the third estimate the useful parameters to affect the customer's pro-environmental behavior and customer characteristics. It shows that royal customers are from 30 to 40 years old and their incomes are from 30 million won to 40 million won. Especially, they live in Daegu, Gyeonggi, and Seoul.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.219-235
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• 2014

This study investigate the smart phone that is not included in the studies that test the effect of added functionalities to convergence products. There are several questions that PDA, MP3 players that are added a certain function can be good convergence product that consumers love and these are the products that has problem of decrease of sales volume because of the development of smart phone. It is a little bit strange to test these product for this study, so this study suggest a little different research tool compared to the past studies. The research implications are follows like theses. Brand awareness is important factor that decrease the uncertainties and risks specially when a innovative tech is added to smart phone. A situation that a innovative tech is added to smart phone is best to get the consumer's perceived innovativeness, value, and buying intention. And a situation that a innovative tech is added to smart phone in the context of low brand awareness is better than a situation that various normal teches are added to it.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.71-96
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• 2010

This article firstly reviewed Permanent Established(PE) concept of OECD and UN model tax treaty and compared it with that of Korean Corporate Income Tax Law(CITL). The various factors regarding profit like ways of deciding the local source profit, scope and calculation method which will be imputed to PE were also reviewed. Based on above, standard PE judgement basis and calculation method of local source profit were also studied by using actual cases in foreign corporation which performs plant construction & sales in Korea. Accordingly to properly solve the conflict regarding international tax and to protect the tax authority against the foreign corporation in Korea, by standing on equality, I now propose followings for the better concept of PE in Korea. Firstly, the article that a building site or construction or installation project constitutes a PE only if it lasts more than 6 months should be modified to reflect OECD model convention's criteria of 12 months. Second, the scope of 'subordinate attorney' which is regarded as PE under CITL is now including 'holding-delivery attorney', 'order attorney', and 'assurance attorney' as well as 'contract attorney'. This is overly limit the activities of foreign corporation. It had better be loosened only to include 'contract attorney' as OECD provisions. Third, the CITL limits the cases of preparatory and/or auxiliary place which is not regarded as PE, thus limit the foreign corporations' business by expanding the concept of PE. This had better be eased. Fourth, in deciding the amount of local source profits, the CITL stipulates to split the profits by the relevant contribution of transaction parties through 'profit split method'. To solve the conflict, the ways of profit split must be better clarified through providing object and detailed standard and basis.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.41-60
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of salesperson's adaptive selling tactics on consumers who purchase Small and Medium Enterprises' product with the help of salespeople in the store. Specifically, we examine whether salesperson's adaptive selling tactics affect consumers hedonic shopping value and utilitarian shopping value. Furthermore, we try to figure out the effect of shopping value on the salesperson relationship commitment and consumer product satisfaction. The subjects of this study have surveyed the consumers with experience in purchasing SME's products through salespeople in the Gyeongnam area. As data process, SPSS 21.0 was used as the analysis tool and AMOS 21.0 was used to analyze the structural equation model. The implications of these findings are as follows. First, the salesperson's role has a positive effect on the consumer's product satisfaction. Second, it can be suggested that the salesperson's adaptive selling tactics are an important variable affecting the consumer's shopping value. Third, the results on the consumers who have hedonic shopping value have a strong positive influence rather than the consumers who have the utilitarian shopping value. The adaptive selling tactics of the salesperson should be encouraged to increase sales performance. In order to generate more performance in a competitive market environment, it is necessary to continuously strive to increase contact between the salesperson and the consumer in order to improve the quality of the relationship.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.79-94
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• 2004

The Internet is now an ubiquitous technology in business and possesses the potential to make the concept of value chain into an attainable reality. We posit that the way the Internet is utilized, the extent of the Internet's impact on business performance, and the extent the firms are prepared to take advantage of the Internet varies from country to country and from industry to industry. Based on data collected from 54 firms in the U.S. and 135 in South Korea, we compared the two countries (U.S. and South Korea) and two major industry groups (manufacturing and service) regarding the pattern of Internet utilization on the Internet from a value chain perspective. The findings show that U.S. companies utilize the Internet more extensively in such areas as human resources management, automation, sales, and advertising than the South Korean counterparts. However, we did not find a statistically significant difference in the way the two countries use the Internet within a value chain model. We also compared Internet practices by industry sector (i.e., service vs. manufacturing) within each country. The results show that firms in the service sector tend to use the Internet more extensively than the manufacturing counterparts in both countries. Particularly in Korea the difference between the sectors was significant in the extent to which they utilized the Internet to support such business activities as inter-organizational alliance, communication, and marketing.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.555-560
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• 2016

This study attempted to secure competitiveness in the cosmetics market and provide basic data needed to promote sales and PR after reflecting consumer demands and needs in the development of cosmeceuticals. For this, it investigated their perception regarding the ingredients and efficacies of cosmeceuticals and repurchase intention among a total of 193 adults in their 20-50s who have had prior experience of buying these types of products from an online shopping mall as the importance of cosmeceuticals is emerging. According to a survey on consumer perceptions regarding the ingredients of cosmeceuticals by gender, there was a clear difference between men and women. In particular, when asked about the ingredients of whitening cosmetics, the percentage of male respondents was as low as 30.8% with a significant difference between men and women (t=31.688,p<0.001). In addition, most consumers were very aware of the efficacies of the ingredients of cosmeceuticals on the skin. In terms of actual repurchase intention, however, a significant difference was found by gender and product type in 3 different cosmeceuticals. In other words, men were lower than women in terms of awareness of cosmeceuticals and repurchase intention. Therefore, the development of a plan which satisfies both men and women, easily labels ingredients and meets consumer needs and demands through proper pricing policy are needed during the development of cosmeceuticals.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.46
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• pp.387-419
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• 2009

The concept of strategic group is defined as an aggregate of corporations utilizing similar strategies with similar resources. It becomes a kinds of contact point in the middle of corporation and industry between the industrial organization theory and the strategic management theory. This study tried to apply the strategic group model, which has been a main theory in the management studies, to program providing industry in Korea. This study shed lights upon research problems such as number of strategic groups, differences of strategic variables among the groups, finally differential performances according to strategic groups. 40 commercial broadcasting companies were analyzed to find answers. 9 strategic groups were drawn as a result of cluster analysis. Major variables which contribute to making groups were operating efficiency(4.05), pricing(3.83), size(number of system operator, 3.56), reliance on license revenue(2.58), horizontal integration(number of sister networks, 2.16) in order. An analysis of variance between performance variables has shown statistical significance regarding total net revenue per subscriber, however, insignificances statistically in regards to ratio of operating profit to net sales, cash Abstracts 687 flow ratio. Some studies in the past insisted that history variable played an important role to classifying strategic groups. However, this study found that the history didn't exert significant influence on either the group classification itself or performance.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-24
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• 2008

We empirically examined the forecasting abilities of analysts in the Korean stock market with regard to their earnings estimates, and the impacts of their reports on stock prices. Further, we also examine if there is any difference in analysts' forecasting accuracy and stock prices impacts depending upon the geographical distance between analysts and companies they follow. We found the following interesting empirical results. First, analysts have tendency to overestimate sales, operating income, and net income, consistent with the previous literature. Second, the degree of overestimation depends upon the geography of companies. That is, it is smaller for companies headquartered in Seoul than companies in local provinces. Third, analysts' earnings estimates are also more accurate for companies located in Seoul. So, we conjecture that analysts have easier access to the information for the companies. Fourth, when analysts downgrade target prices, companies in Seoul are less negatively affected than those in local provinces. Even when analysts revise downward stock recommendations, stock prices of companies in Seoul go up. Overall, analysts' price impacts are more favorable for Seoul-located companies. Last, but not least, when foreign ownership is higher, investors react less negatively to downward revisions of stock recommendation, but react more negatively to downward revisions of target prices.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.84-94
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• 2017

Recently, domestic construction companies have increasingly engaged in international PPP projects a result of both uncertainties in the domestic construction market and low competitiveness in international EPC project business. These international PPP projects usually require long-term preparations and substantial sales costs, which make it important for decision-makers to select winning-award potential project in early stage of the projects. However, most previous research has analyzed success factors in terms of project development across all stages. Thus, this study investigated 28 success factors of 4 categories in the early stage of 31 international PPP projects. First, results indicate that unsolicited PPP projects require better implementation capabilities and financial conditions compared to solicited PPP projects. Second, implementation capability is important because it is not easy to improve as the project proceeds. Third, commercial conditions are identified as important even if conditions are not fixed in the early stage of PPP projects. Fourth, non-commercial conditions, strategy, and public interest are not found to be meaningful in the early stage of PPP projects because they can vary as the project proceeds. This study helps to improve selection criteria aimed towards more winning-award potential project in the early stage of international PPP projects.