• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.95-114
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• 2008

Recent interests in data mining result from the expansion of the amount of business data and the growing business needs for extracting valuable knowledge from the data and then utilizing it for decision making process. In particular, recent advances in association rule mining techniques enable us to acquire knowledge concerning sales patterns among individual items from the voluminous transactional data. Certainly, one of the major purposes of association rule mining is to utilize acquired knowledge in providing marketing strategies such as cross-selling, sales promotion, and shelf-space allocation. In spite of the potential applicability of association rule mining, unfortunately, it is not often the case that the marketing mix acquired from data mining leads to the realized profit. The main difficulty of mining-based profit realization can be found in the fact that tremendous numbers of patterns are discovered by the association rule mining. Due to the many patterns, data mining experts should perform additional mining of the results of initial mining in order to extract only actionable and profitable knowledge, which exhausts much time and costs. In the literature, a number of interestingness measures have been devised for estimating discovered patterns. Most of the measures can be directly calculated from what is known as a contingency table, which summarizes the sales frequencies of exclusive items or itemsets. A contingency table can provide brief insights into the relationship between two or more itemsets of concern. However, it is important to note that some useful information concerning sales transactions may be lost when a contingency table is constructed. For instance, information regarding the size of each market basket(i.e., the number of items in each transaction) cannot be described in a contingency table. It is natural that a larger basket has a tendency to consist of more sales patterns. Therefore, if two itemsets are sold together in a very large basket, it can be expected that the basket contains two or more patterns and that the two itemsets belong to mutually different patterns. Therefore, we should classify frequent itemset into two categories, inter-pattern co-occurrence and intra-pattern co-occurrence, and investigate the effect of the market basket size on the two categories. This notion implies that any interestingness measures for association rules should consider not only the total frequency of target itemsets but also the size of each basket. There have been many attempts on analyzing various interestingness measures in the literature. Most of them have conducted qualitative comparison among various measures. The studies proposed desirable properties of interestingness measures and then surveyed how many properties are obeyed by each measure. However, relatively few attentions have been made on evaluating how well the patterns discovered by each measure are regarded to be valuable in the real world. In this paper, attempts are made to propose two notions regarding association rule measures. First, a quantitative criterion for estimating accuracy of association rule measures is presented. According to this criterion, a measure can be considered to be accurate if it assigns high scores to meaningful patterns that actually exist and low scores to arbitrary patterns that co-occur by coincidence. Next, complementary measures are presented to improve the accuracy of traditional association rule measures. By adopting the factor of market basket size, the devised measures attempt to discriminate the co-occurrence of itemsets in a small basket from another co-occurrence in a large basket. Intensive computer simulations under various workloads were performed in order to analyze the accuracy of various interestingness measures including traditional measures and the proposed measures.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.59-72
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• 2000

Dragon robe was defined as a robe on which the principal design consisted of dragon. Dragon patterns have been used on princess robes during T'and Dynasty. In Sung, Dragon-figured robes seem to have an Imperial prerogative. Yuan took over the use of robes with dragons patterns as a definite institition. Ming tried to reject all Yuan innovations, the dragon robe was retained as an unofficial court costume. The Emperor's semiformal robes which at first had four dragon medallions, later had twelve along with the 12 Symbols(십이장문). As Ch'ing dragon robes were only intended fro semiformal use. The Later Ch'ing robes date from after 1719, when the Ch'ien-lung(건륭) introduced 12 Symbols on Ch'ing robes. The Ch'ien-lung laws were disobeyed, notably the ones that specified the number of claws on the dragons. THe Emperor's dragon robe, lung-p'ao, (용포) was described as bright yellow in color, having four slits and horsefoof cuffs. The basic pattern consisted of nin dragons, in addition it had 12 Symbols. The elaborate textile techniques reached their peak in Ch'ing Dynasty-with its Weaving and Dyeing Office in Peking, and this factories at Hangchow(항주), Soochow(소주), and Naking(남경) -helps to explain why the decay of the Ch'ing bureaucracy hastended the decline of dragon robes. In the Ch'ing Dynasty tow terms were used for dragon robe, depending on the number of claws on the dragons. Those with five-clawed dragons were called lung-p'ao, while those with four-clawed dragons were called mang-p'ao(망포). The Court felt compelled to take corrective meausres. It decreeed that Ninisters of State and other officials, who had been bestowed five-clawed lung dragons, must take out one claw. Finally, the sale of ranks and the attendant privilege of wearing dragon robes gradually increased during the 18 th century, reaching its height in the 19 th century, Finally, after the Taiping Rebellion, when the Imperial Treasury was depleted by the wholesale destruction of revenue-producing lands, the Chinese government came to depend on such sales as an important source of revenue and the practice became even more widespread. The ensuing mass production of dragon robes, and the necessity of conforming to the fairly rigid basic pattern established in 1759, resulted in marked deterioration of workmanship, and a comparative monotony of decoration. The patterns on the dragon robes slight changes continued to be made in the ways of representign them. The li shui (입수) portion at the base of the robe become inreasingly wider throughout the 19th century. The background became cluttered with symbols of good fortune, scattered among the clouds and waves. As a result of all this extraneous decoration, the dragons were so crowded that they had to shrink back into the small size that they had originally occupied in the medallons. Kuang-hsu(광저) was a long one, allowing time for the manufacture of numerous robes. Also, it would seem likely that Occidental museums and collections would have a considerable number of his robes, in view of the widespread looting of his palaces during the Allied occupation of Peking in 1900, and the frequent sales of Late Ch'ing imperial textiles by destitute Manchu courtiers in the '20's.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.13-24
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• 2013

With the increase of visitors to rural tourism villages, the direct selling at sites is getting vitalized. Accordingly, their display stores is getting more important. Therefore, this study has selected 30 domestic rural tourism villages as study objects for the attitude survey of 200 farming suppliers and the site examination for the designs of those display stores in order to analyze their status and classify the types of necessity. Such operation status as sale item, sale method, method of supply and demand, major customer, sales scale, manager, opening hour, and operation cost were examined, to identity and for design factors the pattern, material quality and color were investigated. For the attitude of farming suppliers, the tactics of sales, the reason for being positive or negative, the functionality and the features of display stores were examined through brainstorming. IBM SPSS Statistics 20 Program was employed for Frequency, which indicated that village chiefs and store managers with the sales scale of 1 to 20 million won are dealing with female customers in their 40's and 50's and that those stores are open at the time of experience or year round without any operation expense. Permanent type and Fixed type were found to be the design factors of the display-case type with the material and the color of wood and orange respectively. The result of investigation analysis of farming suppliers' attitude showed the followings: the need of display stores is quite high, structure type and permanent type have high fitness and from the viewpoint of display-on-table type as a standard moving type was very convenient. The analysis of significant items at the characteristics of those display stores revealed that their locations, quality conservation, sanitation, users' convenience, designs and promotion are very important. The result of status analysis revealed that though there is a correlation among the types of display stores depending on the visiting season of tourists their installing is not desirable. Three types have been analyzed: Type 1 is a structure type only in the villages with continuous visitors, Type 2 a moving-table type only in the villages with temporary visitors and Type 3 is a fixed display-case type.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1009-1014
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• 2009

The Internet has changed the daily lives of human being in Korea and elsewhere in the world. It has changed the paradigms of traditional commercial activities and created immense opportunities for new business models. Recently, there has been much attention to the internet shopping mall as a means of commercial transaction. To make internet shopping mall competitive, effective customer satisfaction service should be provided and it is necessary to dynamic analysis method for customers' purchasing pattern. In this paper we apply the sequential analysis to comparison of two kinds of sales through the analysis of customers' purchasing pattern.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.195-200
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• 2018

Recently, as the sensor and big data analysis technology have been developed, there have been a lot of researches that analyze the purchase-related data such as the trajectory information and the stay time. Such purchase-related data is usefully used for the purchase pattern prediction and the purchase time prediction. Because it is difficult to find periodic patterns in large-scale human data, it is necessary to look at actual data sets, find various feature patterns, and then apply a machine learning algorithm appropriate to the pattern and purpose. Although existing papers have been used to analyze data using various machine learning methods, there is a lack of statistical analysis such as finding feature patterns before applying the machine learning algorithm. Therefore, we analyze the purchasing data of Songjeong Maeil Market, which is a data gathering place, and finds some characteristic patterns through statistical data analysis. Based on the results of 1, we derive meaningful conclusions by applying the machine learning algorithm and present future research directions. Through the data analysis, it was confirmed that the number of visits was different according to the regional characteristics around Songjeong Maeil Market, and the distribution of time spent by consumers could be grasped.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.109-115
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• 2009

Many internet companies are holding marketing activity through customer relationship management to satisfy complicated and diversified consumer demands. Use of customer lifetime value as a marketing metric tends to place greater emphasis on customer service and long-term customer satisfaction, rather than on maximizing short term sales. And so many internet companies have been interested in customer lifetime value, which is a primary key for discovery customer values to promote the competitive power in their business fields. In this paper, we apply a life table technique to lifetime analysis of internet site customers by membership pattern and provide the opportunity using revised life tables in several kinds of internet companies.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to research production situation of made-to-measure clothes of ready-towear manufacturers for middle-aged women. This study will be the basis of developing production model of mass customized clothing for middle-aged women. For the questionnaire, 18 ready-to-wear manufacturers, which were producing made-to-measure clothes and in higher ranking of sales, were selected and the pattern makers of the manufacturers were questioned about 29 items for this research. The results of the questionnaire were as follows: 1. The production ratio of made-to-measure clothes was increasing and most manufacturers have problems making fitted clothes for each customer. 2. The most common reason to order made-to-measure clothes was the sizes according to the various somatotypes and the proportion difference of a body. 3. The common somatotypes of upper body for made-to-measure clothes were obesity, large bust, bent forward posture, and leaning back posture. 4. The common somatotypes of lower body for made-to-measure clothes were obesity, prominent abdomen, prominent abdomen-prominent hip, and prominent hip. 5. Pattern making for made-to-measure clothes was to use production patterns or make new patterns.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.177-188
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• 2014

A fur has emerged as one of fashion staples. there has been a rising interest in fur industry. Therefore, this study investigated how to estimate the amount of raw materials consumed at the production of fur clothes, and the scope of the study was limited to mink clothes. For an empirical study, in addition, Koreans' favorable mink design was chosen based on previous studies and sales of fur clothes, and its consumption was estimated. The consumption of mink clothes depends on the special feature of natural resources such as place of origin, gender and variety. Therefore the method of consumption for mink clothes is inevitably different from it of fiber clothes. Considering the procedure of mink clothe's production as collect same kind of a fur and process though pattern placement, first is outfut work for consumption. At estimation of the consumption of mink clothes, the number of minks was counted by matching the area of mink skin with that of the mink cloth patterns. Then, the usable area of the patterns was calculated after splitting them into diverse figures such as triangle, quadrangle and trapezoid. If we divide area by using the similar in shape of pattern and calculate, We can find high efficiency by reducing extra space. Specially we can expect more efficient work system when we use computers for efficient division of area.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.108-123
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• 2023

Recent increase of eco-conscious trends and pleasure from Do It Yourself (DIY) activities have led to a surge in sales of package products bundling together clothing patterns and raw materials. However, a well-structured market system is yet to be established. We surveyed 460 women with sewing as a hobby who had purchased these DIY clothing pattern packages. The survey revealed that majority of respondents had their hobby for over five years. Choosing the right fabric to match clothing patterns presented a common challenge. Most participants owned a sewing machine and an overlocker, with price being the primary concern when purchasing a package. For guidance during the sewing process, participants preferred print materials featuring real-life images. Those with less sewing experience leaned towards video tutorials. Items of interest or those commonly created included blouses, shirts, and dresses. Desire for further learning in sewing and pattern-making was prominent, with a clear preference for online classes. Several strategies are recommended to enhance the appeal of DIY clothing package products, including broadening range of packages that incorporate fabric, offering supplementary educational resources to improve users' skills, implementing affordable pricing structures, supplying comprehensive creation guidelines, and making available design modification guides. These considerations could significantly boost customer satisfaction. This research intends to lay groundwork for understanding DIY clothing creation market, ultimately fostering production of highly desirable products. Insights of this study will prove instrumental in refining product development and devising effective marketing tactics, leading to a more rewarding consumer experience.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2013

This research study investigates the cultural significance and meaning of Thai Mudmee, their historical content, and the variety of the Thai Mudmee techniques, including patterns, symbol and colours. The aim has been to develop the traditional pattern and designs of the Thai Mudmee and produce contemporary textile pieces more appropriate for modern lifestyle tastes both in Thailand and Internationally. By reviving the Thai weaving tradition it is also hoped to encourage and maintain the continuous survival of tradition Mudmee, providing new sales opportunities and markets both in Thailand and abroad. Studying various attempts to redevelop traditional crafts in different countries brought to me the idea of how to develop folk crafts, the problems that occur in this area have encouraged me to express how folk crafts could be benefit from the design process. In this thesis I also express my recommendations for other researchers and the Thai government, as well as other people who interested in Mudmee design. The thesis concludes with the possibilities of how to improve the design of the Mudmee fabric and further areas of research.