• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Mulligan method and PNF method on the pain and limitation of range of motion in patients with frozen shoulder. The subjects of this study were 20 patients, 10(50%) males and 10(50%) females. They visited clinic for physical treatment within 6 months after onset of shoulder pain and limitation of range of motion with frozen shoulder. One group was applied with Mulligan method and other group was with PNF method. The patient were treated 5 times session weekly for 6 weeks from March 4th, 2002. And each treatment session was 15min. with physiotherapy. The pain was measured by visual analogue scale (V AS) and rage of motion (ROM) of flexion, abduction, external rotation, internal rotation were measured by goniometer. The data was analysed by paired T-test and independent T-test. The results of this study were summarized as follow : 1. The ROM of Mulligan method group increase in after treatment in comparison with ROM in before treatment, it is significant increase. Although the V AS of MMG decrease in before than after treatment, it is significant difference. 2. There is significant difference in before and after treatment of ROM of shoulder flexion, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation between PNF method group. The V AS of PMG is decreasing in before than after treatment, it is significant difference. 3. There is significant difference in before movement and after movement ROM of flexion, abduction, internal rotation, external rotation and VAS between Mulligan method session and PNF method session then the scale which measured by Mulligan method was more increased than that of PNF method. The results showed that both Mulligan method and PNF method were effective in pain reduce and ROM increase, but Mulligan method was superior to PNF method in ROM increase and pain reduce.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.83 no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2020

Background: Infectious conditions may increase the risk of venous thromboembolism. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factor for combined infectious disease and its influence on mortality in patients with pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods: Patients with PE diagnosed based on spiral computed tomography findings of the chest were retrospectively analyzed. They were classified into two groups: patients who developed PE in the setting of infectious disease or those with PE without infection based on review of their medical charts. Results: Of 258 patients with PE, 67 (25.9%) were considered as having PE combined with infectious disease. The sites of infections were the respiratory tract in 52 patients (77.6%), genitourinary tract in three patients (4.5%), and hepatobiliary tract in three patients (4.5%). Underlying lung disease (odds ratio [OR], 3.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.926-7.081; p<0.001), bed-ridden state (OR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.390-5.811; p=0.004), and malignant disease (OR, 1.867; 95% CI, 1.017-3.425; p=0.044) were associated with combined infectious disease in patients with PE. In-hospital mortality was higher in patients with PE combined with infectious disease than in those with PE without infection (24.6% vs. 11.0%, p=0.006). In the multivariate analysis, combined infectious disease (OR, 4.189; 95% CI, 1.692-10.372; p=0.002) were associated with non-survivors in patients with PE. Conclusion: A substantial portion of patients with PE has concomitant infectious disease and it may contribute a mortality in patients with PE.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.121-127
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• 2012

Purpose: Improved survival of patients with childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) has drawn attention to the potential for late consequences of previous treatments among survivors, including metabolic syndrome. In this study, we evaluated changes in 3 parameters, namely, random blood glucose, body mass index (BMI), and Z score for BMI (Z-BMI), in children with ALL during chemotherapy and after completion of treatment. Methods: Patients newly diagnosed with ALL from January, 2005 to December, 2008 at Saint Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, who completed treatment with chemotherapy only were included (n=107). Random glucose, BMI, and Z-BMI were recorded at 5 intervals: at diagnosis, before maintenance treatment, at completion of maintenance treatment, and 6 and 12 months after completion of maintenance treatment. Similar analyses were conducted on 2 subcohorts based on ALL risk groups. Results: For random glucose, a paired comparison showed significantly lower levels at 12 months post-treatment compared to those at initial diagnosis ($P$ <0.001) and before maintenance ($P$ <0.001). The Z-BMI score was significantly higher before maintenance than at diagnosis ($P$ <0.001), but decreased significantly at the end of treatment ($P$ <0.001) and remained low at 6 months ($P$ <0.001) and 12 months ($P$ <0.001) post-treatment. Similar results were obtained upon analysis of risk group-based subcohorts. Conclusion: For a cohort of ALL patients treated without allogeneic transplantation or cranial irradiation, decrease in random glucose and Z-BMI after completion of chemotherapy does not indicate future glucose intolerance or obesity.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.187-197
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• 1975

1. This study was carried out to select the high yielding and low production cost among grape varieties for the wine production. Thirty-three vareties which have been grown in commercial vineyards was examined in this experiment. 2. Most wine varieties improved in Europe were lower in the content of sugar than in originally developed location. 3. The varieties with larger cluster were Dattier de Saint-Vallier (treated with Ga), Golden Queen, Muscat Bailey A, and Danored. 4. Juice percent to cluster ranges from 60 to 90% and higher juice content varieties were Himrod Seedless. Delaware (Ga), and Fredonia. 5. Most wine varieties have higher per cent of seed and pedicel to cluster and flesh per cent was lower than in table varieties. 6. High yielding varieties were Muscat Bailey A, Danored, and Golden Queen. on the other hand, juice yield was higher in Campbell Early, Danored, Muscat Bailey A, and Golden Queen cultivers. 7. Muscat Bailey A, Alden, Steuben, Campbell Early, S-1000. and S-13053 for red wine, and Dattier(Ga), Golden Queen and low production cost in manufacturing wine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.699-710
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• 2009

If a country has her geoid model, it could be determine accurate orthometric height because the geoid model could provide continuous equi-gravity potential surface. And it is possible to improve the coordinates accuracy of national control points through geodetic network adjustment considering geoidal heights. This study aims to find the best way to develop geoid model in Philippines which have similar topographic conditions as like Malaysia and Indonesia in Eastsouth asia. So, in this study, it is surveyed the general theories of geoid determination and development cases of geoid model in Asia and it is computed that the geoidal heights and gravity anomalies by spherical harmonic analysis using EGM2008, the latest earth geopotential model. The results show that first, the development of gravimetric geoid model based on airborne gravimetry is needed and second, about 200 GPS surveying data at national benchmark is needed. It is concluded that it is the most reasonable way to develop the hybrid geoid model through fitting geometric geoid by GPS/leveling data to gravimetric geoid. Also, it is proposed that four band spherical Fast fourier transformation(FFT) method for evaluation of Stokes integration and remove and restore technique using EGM2008 and SRTM for calculation of gravimetric geoid model and least square collocation algorithm for calculation of hybrid geoid model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.298-298
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• 2013

Finding renewable and clean energy resources is essential research to solve global warming and depletion of fossil fuels in modern society. Recently, complex harvesting of energy from multiple sources is available in our living environments using a single device has become highly desirable, representing a new trend in energy technologies. We report that when simultaneously driving the fusion and composite cells of two or more types, it is possible to make an affect the other cells to obtain a greater synergistic effect. To understand the coupling effect of photovoltaic and piezoelectric device, we fabricate the serially integrated hybrid cell (s-HC) based on organic solar cell (OSC) and piezoelectric nanogenerator (PNG). The size of increased voltage peaks when OSC and PNG are working on is larger than the case when only PNG is working. This voltage difference is the Voc change of OSC, not the voltage change of PNG and current density difference between these two cases is manifested more clearly. When the OSC and PNG are working in s-HC at the same time, piezoelectric potential (VPNG) is generated in ZnO and theoretical total voltage is sum of voltage of an OSC (VOSC) and VPNG. However, electrons from OSC are influenced by piezoelectric potential in ZnO and current loss of OSC in whole circuit decreases. As a result, VOSC increases temporarily. Current shows the similar behavior. PNG acts a resistance in the whole circuit and current loss occurs when the electrons from OSC pass through the PNG. But piezoelectric potential recover current loss and decrease the resistance of PNG. Our PNG can maintain piezoelectric potential when the strain is held owing to the LDH layer while general PNG cannot maintain piezoelectric potential. During the section that strain is held, voltage enhancement effect is maintained and same effect appeared even turn off the light. Actually at this time, electrons in ZnO nanosheets move to LDH and trapped by the positive charges in this layer. After this strain is held, piezoelectric potential of ZnO nanosheets is disappeared but potential difference which is developed by negative charge dominant LDH layer is remained. This potential acts similar role like piezoelectric potential in ZnO. Electrons from the OSC also are influenced by this potential and the more current flows.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.145
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• pp.325-350
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• 2018

The overemphasis of the priority of reason over will runs the risk of resulting in intellectual determinism. On the contrary, it is also unfair to underestimate the role of reason in Saint Thomas Aquinas' theory of the free will to avoid intellectual determinism. For, according to Thomas, "the will inclines to the good, insofar as it is an appetite, and it follows the judgment of the reason in the pursuit of the good, insofar as it is a 'rational' appetite." It is the objective of this article to show that, for Thomas, the idea of the free will is not contradictory to that of the will's following the judgment of reason. For this purpose, it is decisive to adequately evaluate the role of reason in Thomas's theory of the free will. This article therefore proves that in principle Thomas argues the priority of the will over reason as well as the freedom of the will, and that he nevertheless recognizes the role of reason which precedes the choice of the will by making the second-level judgment even when the will chooses not to follow the first-level judgement of reason. It is entirely up to the will to follow the judgement and order of reason or not. It explains the freedom of the will. But 'not to follow reason' is contradictory to the essential determination of the will as the 'rational' appetite. For from the will's not following reason, wrong-doing follows; the human act which does not conform to reason. This article therefore argues that for Thomas, the 'true' liberty of the will corresponding to its determination as the rational appetite consists in its following the rule and order of reason, not in acting against the judgement of reason.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.57
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• pp.67-102
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• 2014

Yeoheon is a representative recluse and philosopher in the 17th Joseon dynasty. His contemporary intellectuals considered him as a sincere nobleman, Confucius in the Joseon, and moreover a saint, a cornerstone of culture, and a model for Confucianists. As a politician, he was regarded as practicing the stabilization of the people's livelihood and education, which are the key ideas of Confucian politics, when he serviced as a local governmental office twice. In addition, his ruler thought that he was right, wise, and modest, and therefore had the dignity of the old sage. His subordinates considered that he possessed the way of the old great ministers and the eye to see the current state of affairs. His theory of the Yijing is based on Cheng-Zhou learning, but developed their interpretation of the text. In addition, he discussed that Confucianism is a practical learning. His theory of the ritual was considered to follow Zhu Xi's works, but refer the old rituals and overcome the aspect of minor customs. His contemporary scholars thought that his theory of Neo-Confucianism revealed the essence of Li-Four and Qi-Seven theory regardless of scholarly parties, which were formed after Toegye and Yulgok. However, he proposed the Li-longitude and Qi-latitude theory in order to restore the real values, but it is similar to Yulgok's theory, which was criticized by the schools of Toegye and South Faction near Seoul. However, his theories revealed the fact that Joseon Confucianism cannot be simply differentiated as two major theories of "Centering on Li" and "Centering on Qi. In addition, his ideas of the universe and concern for the old showed that Joseon Confucianism is not just a theory, but is related to our lives and therefore practical in its nature.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.59
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• pp.287-312
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• 2018

Confucianism which pursues the right relationship between person and person, depicts the ideal that moral individuals contribute to community development. In the 16th century, Toegye Yi Hwang, the authority of Korean Confucianism, reflected his educational intentions and interests and made the whole of the body of Confucianism and the whole process of the study into a series of 10 paintings 'Ten Diagrams of Sage Learning'. The purpose of the education which is claimed in the 'Ten Diagrams of Sage Learning' is to become a saint, and it ultimately coincides with the purpose of moral education which is to be introspective and practical moral man. The whole theme of 'Ten Diagrams of Sage Learning' is related to revealing the principles of humanity and morality in order to restore human nature on the basis of piety. Piety(敬) is also a purpose and a method of self-discipline, and is the main content. The method of education for traditional confucianism is aiming for the organic integration of purpose, content and method of education and reveals the consistency of the combination of knowledge and behavior in content and method. Exploring the universal value of traditional culture and re-raising moral culture that is important in traditional education is to discuss that what is valid for the present and the future is derived from the past tradition. That may be useful in solving today's educational problems. Especially, it is very meaningful to adopt a reflective approach to cultivate talented people who can 'realize oneself' and 'care for the community' which is the ultimate goal of education through analyzing the essence of moral education pursued by traditional education.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.338-347
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• 2023

Objectives: Ilex paraguariensis (Aquifoleaceae) is cultivated to produce "yerba mate". Due to its nutritional, energizing, hypoglycemic and antioxidant effects, it is used in the elaboration of food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The oxidative stress related to protein glycation and production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) leads to the development of several diseases. The objective of this work was to compare the antioxidant and anti-AGEs activity of a decoction of fruits (F) and leaves (L). Methods: The antioxidant activity was assayed by the DPPH assay and the inhibition of egg yolk lipid peroxidation (ILP), and anti-AGEs activity, through the inhibition of the formation of fructosamine (IF), β-amyloid (Iβ), protein carbonylation (IC) and AGEs (IA). Polyphenols were quantified by HPLC. Results: Maximum response ± SEM: For F 0.01 ㎍/mL: IF = 42 ± 4%, IC = 17 ± 2% and for 10 ㎍/mL: IA = 38 ± 4%, Iβ = 67 ± 7%. For L 0.1 ㎍/mL: IF = 35 ± 2%, IC = 19 ± 2% and for 100 ㎍/mL: IA = 26 ± 3%, Iβ = 63.04 ± 2%. The DPPH IC₅₀ = 134.8 ± 14 ㎍/mL for F and 34.67 ± 3 ㎍/mL for L. The ILP IC₅₀ = 512.86 ± 50 ㎍/mL for F and 154.8 ± 15 ㎍/mL for L. By HPLC L presented the highest amounts of flavonoids and caffeoylquinic acids. F and L showed strong anti-AGEs activity, affecting the early stages of glycation at low concentrations and the late stages of glycation at high concentrations. The highest activity for both F and L was seen in the IF and Iβ. F presented the highest anti-AGEs potency. L presented the highest antioxidant potency, which was related to the highest content of polyphenols. Conclusion: The fruits of I. paraguariensis could be a source of antioxidant and anti-AGEs compounds to be used with medicinal purposes or as functional food.