• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.177-182
• /
• 1991

Nutrient evaluation of sago fibre showed that the fibre has potential and could be utilized as feed for ruminants. However, as a source of nutrients, it has limitations arising from low intake, digestibility, crude protein and minerals content. The present study showed that the sago fibre is low in crude protein (3.3%) and high in neutral detergent fibre (72.5%) and acid detergent lignin (25.8%) contents. Treatment of sago fibre with urea increased the crude protein content from 3.3 to 16.7%. Both urea and sodium hydroxide treatment decreased the neutral detergent fibre level from 72.5 to 59 and 56.5%, respectively. Rumen degradation of sago fibre by nylon bag showed that both urea and sodium hydroxide treatments increased dry matter and organic matter disappearance of the fibre significantly. In vivo digestibility of 2% urea treated sago fibre was 47.5% and intake of the fibre was 1.57% of body weight of the lamb.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.183-186
• /
• 1991

Lamb fed 2% urea treated sago fibre and corn at 1.5 : 1 ratio (sago fibre + corn) and supplemented with fishmeal at 0, 50, 100, 150 g/head/day, gained 68.6, 139.6, 158.6 and 166.3 g/day, respectively. A simple feed cost analysis indicated that the sago with supplementation of fishmeal at 50 g/head/day could be an efficient and economic diet for sheep. The result showed that energy and protein supplements are necessary for reasonable performance of the sheep fed on urea treated sago fibre.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
• /
• 제11권5호
• /
• pp.377-381
• /
• 2006

A study was carried out to determine a suitable light intensity and inoculum size for the growth of Rhodopseudomonas palustris strain B1. The pollution reduction of sago effluent using free and immobilised R. palustris cells was also evaluated. The growth rate in glutamatemalate medium was highest at 4 klux compared to 2.5 and 3 klux. The optimal inoculum size was 10% (v/v). Both the COD and BOD of the sago effluent were reduced by 67% after three days of treatment. The difference in biomass production or BOD and COD removal with higher inoculum sizes of 15 and 20% was minimal. This could be attributed to limited nutrient availability in the substrate. The use of immobilised cells of R. palustris reduced the pollution load 10% less compared to pollution reduction by free cells. Hence, there was no significant difference in using free or immobilised cells for the treatment of sago effluent.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.519-524
• /
• 1996

An investigation was carried out to study the microbial colonization and degradation of five crop residues, viz., sago waste, rice straw, oil palm trunk shavings, untreated palm press fibre and palm press fibre teated with 3% ammonium hydroxide in the rumen of goats. Colonisation by rumen bacteria and fungi was already established on all the five crop residues 8 h after incubation. However, the extent of colonization varied among the crop residues. Microbial colonization was poor on palm press fibre (treated and untreated) but more extensive on sago waste, oil palm trunk shavings and rice straw. By 24 h, most of the soft-walled tissues in sago waste, rice straw and oil palm trunk shavings were degraded leaving the thick-walled tissues extensively colonized by bacteria and fungi. Degradation on palm press fibre was still limited. At 48 h, the thick-walled tissues of sago waste, oil palm trunk shavings and rice straw showed various degrees of degradation - from small erosion zones to large digested areas. Bacterial growth was similar to that at 24 h but fungal growth was less. On palm press fibre, microbial colonization was more extensive than at 24 h but degradation of the fibres was still limited. Degradation of all the five crop residues at 72 h was somewhat similar to that at 48 h. Overall, microbial colonization and degradation were the most extensive on sago waste, followed by rice straw and oil palm trunk shavings, and the least on palm press fibre (treated and untreated). Dry matter loss of the five crop residues at the various incubation periods also showed the same order of degradation.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
• /
• pp.1159-1161
• /
• 2003

Gidra speaking people living in Wonnie area of western province in Papua New Guinea are traditionally dependent on hunting and gathering. Sago is the main staple food and the vegetation consists of rain forest (Bua) and trees with savannah grass (Yap). The population density is very low and the people are very little affected by modernization. This study is an attempt to look at the people-resource interaction in the area for the past thirty years based on aerial photographs and various satellite data. The study showed the trends of yap versus bua distribution as well as the location of garden and Sago grove areas, which is important for studying the livelihood of the people.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.378-387
• /
• 2009

To investigate the effects of sago palm pith (SPP) substitution of corn in the diets on intake, digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, nitrogen balance and microbial N Supply, five ruminally fistulated Southern indigenous cattle (mean initial BW = 226${\pm}$5 kg) were randomly assigned to a 5${\times}$5 Latin Square Design to receive five diets, $T_1$ = concentrate with 0% SPP, $T_2$ = 25% SPP, $T_3$ = 50% SPP, $T_4$ = 75% SPP and $T_5$ = 100% SPP, of dietary dry matter, respectively. Plicatulum hay (PH) was offered ad libitum as the roughage. A metabolism trial lasted for 21 days during which liveweight changes and feed intakes were measured. Based on this experiment, there were no significant differences (p>0.05) among treatments groups regarding total DM intake (OMI, NDFI and ADFI) and digestion coefficients of nutrients (DM, OM, CP, NDF and ADF), while total DM intake (% BW) was significantly (p<0.05) higher as higher levels of SPP were incorporated into diets. Rumen parameters (ruminal temperature, pH, glucose, packed cell volume, volatile fatty acid and rumen microorganism populations) were similar among treatments (p>0.05), whereas $NH_3-N$, blood urea nitrogen and molar proportion of propionate concentrations were significantly (p<0.05) higher as higher levels of SPP were incorporated into diets. The amount of N absorption, N retention and microbial protein synthesis were similar among treatments. These results indicate that SPP can be included in diets for Southern indigenous cattle to supply up to 100% of supplemental corn when fed with PH without negative impact on animal performance and it was a good approach in exploiting the use of local feed resources for beef cattle production.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.430-435
• /
• 1987

전분으로부터 동시당화 발효법에 의한 에탄을 생산공정의 개발을 위하여 amyloglucosidase를 chitin 에 결합시킨 후 Zumomonas mobilis와 함께 sodium alginate젤에 재고정화 시킨 다음 에탄을 생산실험을 행한 결과 전분의 당화 및 발효속도를 증가시킬 수 있음이 발견되었다. 충진층 발효조를 사용한 연속식 에탄올 생산결과 40일 이상 안정하게 유지할 수 있었고, 최대 에탄올 생산성은 희석배율 0.83$hr^{-1}$에서 17.7g/$\ell$, h였다.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.25.1-25.14
• /
• 2022

Background: The commercially available Newcastle disease (ND) vaccines were developed based on Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates genetically divergent from field strains that can only prevent clinical disease, not shedding of virulent heterologous virus, highlighting the need to develop genotype-matched vaccines Objectives: This study examined the efficacy of the NDV genotype-matched vaccine, mIBS025 strain formulated in standard vaccine stabilizer, and in carboxymethyl sago starch-acid hydrogel (CMSS-AH) following vaccination via an eye drop (ED) and drinking water (DW). Methods: A challenge virus was prepared from a recent NDV isolated from ND vaccinated flock. Groups of specific-pathogen-free chickens were vaccinated with mIBS025 vaccine strain prepared in a standard vaccine stabilizer and CMSS-AH via ED and DW and then challenged with the UPM/NDV/IBS362/2016 strain. Results: Chickens vaccinated with CMSS-AH mIBS025 ED (group 2) developed the earliest and highest Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) NDV antibody titer (8log₂) followed by standard mIBS025 ED (group 3) (7log₂) both conferred complete protection and drastically reduced virus shedding. By contrast, chickens vaccinated with standard mIBS025 DW (group 5) and CMSS-AH mIBS025 DW (group 4) developed low HI NDV antibody titers of 4log₂ and 3log₂, respectively, which correspondingly conferred only 50% and 60% protection and continuously shed the virulent virus via the oropharyngeal and cloacal routes until the end of the study at 14 dpc. Conclusions: The efficacy of mIBS025 vaccines prepared in a standard vaccine stabilizer or CMSS-AH was affected by the vaccination routes. The groups vaccinated via ED had better protective immunity than those vaccinated via DW.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
• /
• pp.360-360
• /
• 2017

Morphological characteristics indicating agronomic features and yield components (trunk length, trunk diameter, thickness of bark, pith density, dry-matter percentage of pith and starch concentration in pith) of sago palms (Metroxylon sagu Rottbøll) were compared between the 27 populations grown in the islands in Southeast Asia (West Sumatra, South Sumatra, West Java, Southeast Sulawesi, Ternate, Halmahera and Seram in Indonesia) and the 20 populations grown in Melanesia (West Papua in Indonesia, East Sepik and New Ireland island in Papua New Guinea). The average starch yield calculated based on the yield components was $310kg\;plant^{-1}$ and $244kg\;plant^{-1}$ in the islands in Southeast and Melanesia, respectively. The variation of starch yield in Melanesia (CV: about 80%) was larger than that in the islands in Southeast Asia (CV: about 60%). The difference in starch yield in the islands in Southeast Asia was mainly attributed to the trunk diameter breast height and the dry-matter percentage of pith. In contrast, the differences in trunk length and dry-matter percentage of pith mainly accounted for the difference in starch yield in Melanesia. The sago palms in the islands in Southeast Asia had a comparatively thick and short trunk and those in Melanesia had a comparatively thinner and longer trunk. However, the average pith dry-matter yield was almost same level as $400kg\;plant^{-1}$ in both the islands in Southeast Asia and Melanesia. The difference in starch yield between the two areas was attributed to the difference in starch concentration in pith, 77% and 58% in the islands in Southeast Asia and Melanesia, respectively.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.259-265
• /
• 1982

Bacillus circulans F-2 $\alpha$-amylase에 의한 각종 oligosaccharide의 분해산물을 조사하고, Bacillus circulans F-2 $\alpha$-amylase, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens $\alpha$-amylase, Rhizopus niveus glucoamylase에 의한 각종 생전분의 분해율을 비교 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 공시 oligosaccharide중 Bacillus circuians F-2 $\alpha$-amylase는 maltose와 maltotriose를 분해시키지 못하였으나 meltotetraose이상의 oligosaccharide는 분해시켰다. maltotetraose, maltopentaose, maltoheraose, maltoheptaose, maltooctaose중 maltotetraose의 분해가 가장 미약하였다. 2. soluble starch, amylopectin, amylose, oyster glycogen중 oyster glycogen의 분해율이 약간 낮았다. 3. corn starch의 분해율은 진탕반응이 정치반응보다 높았으나 potato starch에 대하여는 효소의 종류에 따라 일정치 않았다. 4. corn, rice, arrowroot, high amylose corn, banana, sago, yam, potato starch에 대하여 Bacillus circulans F-2 $\alpha$-amylase가 Bacillus amyloquefaciems $\alpha$-amylase, Rhizopus niveus glucoamylase보다 월등하게 높은 분해율을 나타내었다.