• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.146-153
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• 2016

Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs refer to medicines that are generally safe when used according to the product label. We aimed to assess and reflect upon changes in perception of health and health-related demands by decades in Korea according to the consumption and sales trends of OTC drugs. This study was conducted by literature search on the production and sale rankings of OTC drug market in Korea. Changes in the OTC drug market were analyzed and organized by decades to evaluate changes in drug demands and the influence of national and societal factors. There was a specific trend in the most popular drugs by decades. In the 1950s, drugs of top necessity were antibiotics and helminthics. In the 1960s, the pharmaceutical industry quickly grew and invigorators, such as Bacchus$^{(R)}$, Alps$^{(R)}$, Aronamin$^{(R)}$, were top manufactured drugs. Popularity of these invigorating drinks and vitamin products continued until the 1990s. In 1990s, sales of topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Ketotop Plaster$^{(R)}$, Trast Patch$^{(R)}$), and in 2000s, gum disease medicine (Insadol$^{(R)}$) and liver and intestine supplement (Ursa$^{(R)}$) were prominent. However, after the separation of prescribing and dispensing in 2000, the sales of OTC drugs decreased dramatically from 58.7% of the total market share in 1990s to 39.6% in 2000 and this trend has continued. In 2012, thirteen OTC drugs were allowed to be sold in convenience stores, and as the sales of health functional foods have been expanding beyond pharmacies, sales of invigorators and nutritional supplements in pharmacies have continued to decrease. As government's drug expenditure will continue to grow, reclassification of OTC drugs based on established safety information and deliberate team efforts on continued development of OTC drugs to meet the health demands of Koreans are required by the healthcare professionals, pharmaceutical industries, and the government.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.544-559
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• 2018

Korea's traditional aesthetic criterion changed with a new makeup culture that followed the social change caused by modernization. Such transitional features are well seen in the cosmetic advertisements of the 1920's and 1930's. To investigate the cultural characteristics and aesthetic-criteria changes of makeup culture at this period, this thesis analyzes cosmetic advertisements carried in newspaper media of the 1920's and 1930's from an aesthetic perspective. This study found that after the late 1920's, more diverse tones were used for face-powder makeup, collapsing the visual, powder-focused makeup which had been considered criteria for beauty, in combination with smelling and tactile senses such as scent or touch. Domestic makeup had the highest value attached to basic skincare in terms of the aesthetic effect via powder makeup; however, Japanese makeup still stressed the importance of color. Besides, particular facts were found as to social significance of makeup acts such as powder users' age group, safety, superiority and rivals of products, and appeal for makeup popularization. This thesis demonstrates how traditional female beauty appears in powder advertisements in the modern period and how it is related to present-day female beauty.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.672-677
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the advertising regulations for juvenile protection, find their problems and suggest the alternatives for their improvements. All media products harmful to juveniles including advertising are regulated by the Juvenile Protection Act. The regulations related with advertising for juvenile protection of the Special Act on Safety Control of Children's Dietary Life, the Broadcasting Advertising Review Regulations and the National Health Improvement Act were analyzed. The results were: 1)the weaknesses of the implementation of the regulations with lack a little consistency and a lack of objectivity; 2)the necessity of the newly established articles with the times; and 3) the urgency of the establishment of alcohol advertising regulations. In conclusion, it has been suggested that the integrated advertising regulations or guidelines by the unitary review board should be implemented.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.10-17
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• 2019

According to South Korea's policy of supplying eco-friendly hydrogen vehicles, related industries are actively conducting research on the development of hydrogen cars and hydrogen charging station infrastructure. On the other hand, there is a lack of empirical research and assessment of the risk of non-metallic materials (such as liners, seals, gaskets) for classified materials that directly affect the durability and reliability of hydrogen vehicles and hydrogen charging stations. In this study, the risk factors for liners and seals of non-metallic parts used in high-pressure hydrogen installations were derived using FMEA, and the RPN values were calculated by converting the severity, frequency of occurrence and degree of detection into scores. The maximum value of the RPN 600, minimum value 63, average value 278.5 was calculated and periodic control of the liner and seal was identified as important. In addition, through hydrogen soakage and oxygen aging tests for non-metallic rubber products, physical test values that can be used as basic data were presented.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.183-194
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• 2019

The consumption of fresh vegetables has been related to recurrent outbreaks of foodborne diseases (FBD) worldwide. Therefore, the development of effective alternative technologies is necessary to improve the safety of these products. This study aimed to isolate and identify epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from fresh fruits and leafy vegetables and characterize their antagonistic capacity due to their ability to produce bacteriocins or antibacterial compounds. For this, 92 LAB isolates from fruits and leafy vegetables were screened for antagonistic activity. Two strains with the highest and broadest antagonistic activities were selected for further characterization; one from cantaloupe melon (strain CM175) and one from cilantro leaves (strain C15). The cell-free supernatants (CFS) of CM175 and C15 were found to exhibit antagonistic activity against FBD-causing pathogens. The CM175 and C15 strains were identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus graminis, respectively. Notably, the P. pentosaceus CM175 CFS stopped the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Saintpaul, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes, and delayed Escherichia coli O157:H7 growth. Moreover, L. graminis C15 CFS delayed the growth of all indicator pathogens, but did not completely stop it. Organic acids and bacteriocin-like molecules were determined to be possibly exerting the observed antagonistic activity of the identified LAB strains. Thus, application of the antagonistic compounds produced by Pediococcus pentosaceus and Lactobacillus graminis could be a novel and ecological strategy in developing antimicrobial biopreservatives for the food industry and mitigating FBD by reducing the biological contamination in fruit and vegetable orchards, mainly via their potential in controlling both gram-negative and gram-positive pathogenic bacteria.

• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.119-139
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• 2019

Planning and management building projects should tackle the coordination of works and the management of limited spaces, traffic and supplies. Activities cannot be performed without the resources available and resources cannot be used beyond the capacity of workplaces. Otherwise, workspace congestion will negatively affect the flow of works. Better on-site management allows for substantial productivity improvements and cost savings. The procurement system should be able to manage a wider variety of materials and products of the required quality in order to have less stock, in less time, using less space, with less investment and avoiding multiple storage stations. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the advantages of using the Chronographic modeling, by combining spatiotemporal technical scheduling with the 4D simulations, the Last Planner System and the Takt-time when modeling the construction of building projects. This paper work toward the aforementioned goal by examining the impact that material flow has on site occupancy. The proposed spatiotemporal model promotes efficient site use, defines optimal site-occupancy and workforce-rotation rates, minimizes intermediate stocks, and ensures a suitable procurement process. This paper study the material flow on the site and consider horizontal and vertical paths, traffic flows and appropriate means of transportation to ensure fluidity and safety. This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by linking execution and supply to the spatial and temporal aspects. The methodology compare the performance and procurement processes for the proposed Chronographic model with the Gantt-Precedence diagram. Two examples are presented to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed model and to validate the related concepts. This validation is designed to test the model's graphical ability to simulate construction and procurement.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.31-38
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• 2022

Purpose: This study presents the results of the analysis on space utilization of kidney dialysis units in regional public hospitals, which plays a key role in local public medical services. The result aims to achieve safety from infection, allow comfort for the dialysis environment, and stability for medical support. The purpose of this study is to present fundamental data for architectural plans for the kidney dialysis unit, as well as to alleviate potential infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Methods: For research purposes, the investigation and analysis of space utilization were based on architectural floor plans, research papers and literature, related legal systems, and public statistics. Of the main 35 regional public hospitals, in regards to data accessibility, 15 facilities were selected to conduct the survey and analysis for the objective. Results: The space composition by area research results of kidney dialysis units in public hospitals are as follows: Firstly, most targets do not have required rooms in the access and support area, except for the hemodialysis beds in the treatment section. Secondly, the access area requires necessary room and space design that took into consideration of convenience and accessibility for patients. Thirdly, in regards to infection prevention and control, proper circulation and room plan is essential for storage and disposal of contaminated products and linen after use. For the treatment area, the arrangement plan needs to establish a visual connection between the isolation room, the nursing station, and the bed area. Additionally, consideration of circulation in the preparation, treatment, observation, examination, and all other rooms in the facility is required. Lastly, for the support area, the room is designed to consider adequate working and meeting spaces for the medical staff, consultation space for patients or guardians, separate storage and disposal of clean and contaminated items, and the storage of various equipment for dialysis. Implications: In preparation for the increase in chronic kidney failure patients and the spread of infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, the researched data demonstrates the basic guidelines for space composition of kidney dialysis units and the significant role of regional public hospitals.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.385-392
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• 2022

In this study, keratin peptides were produced through high-temperature anaerobic fermentation of keratin, a protein contained in deer antler, with Fervidobacterium islandicum AW-1, and factors related to human hair, confirming the possibility of keratin peptides as cosmetic ingredients. As a result of the cytotoxicity and proliferation of deer antler fermented keratin peptide according to the concentration in the dermal papilla cell line, cytotoxicity was not observed and the cell proliferation effect was shown. For human dermal papilla cells, statistically significant increasing in growth factors according to the deer antler fermented keratin peptide was determined possiblity of effects on hair growth. Cosmetic products containing deer antler fermented keratin peptides were manufactured and skin safety and anti hair loss efficacy clinical tests were conducted. As a result, after 12 weeks of use, the total number of hairs statistically significant increased compared to before using the product and the difference in total number of hairs compared to the control group was found. In conclusion, we suggest that the possibility of fermented deer antler keratin peptide as a cosmeceutical ingredient as well as a health functional food material was confirmed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2023

This study was performed to investigate the distribution of mosquito vectors related to the zoonotic disease in Daejeon. Samples were taken using a blacklight trap once a month from March to November 2021 at the slaughterhouse in Daejeon. A total of 820 mosquitoes were captured and classified into 5 genera and 8 species. Among the collected mosquitoes, 319 (38.9%) and 295 (35.93%) were Aedes vexans nipponii and Culex pipiens pallens, respectively, making them the dominant species. The overall number of mosquitoes collected started to increase from May and reached the largest value of 329 (40.12%) in June. Trapped mosquitoes are created 72 pools by environmental condition and by species. The pools were tested by PCR methods for 7 zoonotic pathogens. Flavivirus-positive products were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Japanese encephalitis viruses were detected in 3 pools collected from cow lairage (Culex pipiens pallens) in May, cow by-product processing room (Aedes vexans nipponii) in June and cow lairage (Mansonia uniformis) in June. Culex flavivirus were detected in 4 pools. Based on the results of this study, it is considered that continous surveillence of mosquitoes in livestock assembly facilities (slaughterhouse) should be performed for controlling mosquito populations and mediating disease spread by mosquitoes.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

Objective : In this study, the anti-obesity effect of Fragaria orientalis (FO) on high-fat diet-induced obese mice was investigated. Drug treatment methods are widely used as obesity treatment methods, but research using various natural products is being conducted due to safety concerns. This study aims to evaluate the anti-obesity effect of FO extract, a natural product derived from Mongolia. Methods : C57BL/6 mice were used and divided into three groups, normal diet group, high-fat diet group, and high-fat diet with FO oral treatment group at a dose of 300 mg/kg. Extract was orally provided everyday for 6 weeks. Body Weight and food intake were measured every 2 days and blood lipid profiles and liver function in the sacrificed mice were evaluated. In addition, protein expression in hepatic tissue and histomorphological changes in liver and adipose tissue were observed. Results : Body weight, adipose tissue weight and FER were significantly lower in a high-fat diet with FO treatment than fed only high-fat diet. There was a significant difference between the high-fat diet and the FO-treated high-fat diet mice. As a result of analyzing lipid metabolism-related genes in hepatic tissue, all of p-AMPK, p-ACC, PPAR-α, CPT-1, and UCP-1 showed significant increases, and PPAR-γ also decreased significantly compared to the high-fat diet group. Conclusion : Overall, these results indicate that FO is effectual in improving obesity, suggesting that it can be used as a possible material for anti-obesity agents or functional supplements for weight control.