• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2020

R/V EARDO, commissioned in 1992, has successfully carried out ocean research campaigns in Korean jurisdictional and adjacent waters, including continental margins and coastal zones within the Korean Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), for 29 years. However, it will soon be reaching the end of its useful service life. A replacement for R/V EARDO is urgently needed to ensure the safety of vessel itself and its crews, and efficient ship operation and maintenance, as well as to meet modern scientific mission requirements (SMRs). Basic specifications for a replacement ship have been devised and reviewed over the past nine months. A test of the proposed hull form was also performed. The total tonnage of the proposed vessel is approximately 740 tons, and the overall length and width are 62.0 and 11.6 m, respectively. The new ship will thus be 73% larger than the current R/V EARDO; in particular, the research workspace will be 4.4 times larger. The major design priorities are the propulsion system, efficiency of radiated noise and vibration control, and the dynamic positioning system. An environmentally friendly emission system, meeting International Maritime Organization (IMO) Tier III regulations, will be installed in the third exhaust pipe. Various wet and dry lab spaces as well as 32 different scientific instruments have also been considered in the ship design.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제31권
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• pp.26.1-26.9
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• 2016

Objectives Korea's Act on the Registration and Evaluation of Chemicals (K-REACH) was enacted for the protection of human health and the environment in 2015. Considering that about 2000 new substances are introduced annually across the globe, the extent of animal testing requirement could be overwhelming unless regulators and companies work proactively to institute and enforce global best practices to replace, reduce or refine animal use. In this review, the way to reduce the animal use for K-REACH is discussed. Methods Background of the enforcement of the K-REACH and its details was reviewed along with the papers and regulatory documents regarding the limitation of animal experiments and its alternatives in order to discuss the regulatory adoption of alternative tests. Results Depending on the tonnage of the chemical used, the data required ranges from acute and other short-term studies for a single exposure route to testing via multiple exposure routes and costly, longer-term studies such as a full two-generation reproducibility toxicity. The European Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals regulation provides for mandatory sharing of vertebrate test data to avoid unnecessary duplication of animal use and test costs, and obligation to revise data requirements and test guidelines "as soon as possible" after relevant, validated replacement, reduction or refinement (3R) methods become available. Furthermore, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development actively accepts alternative animal tests and 3R to chemical toxicity tests. Conclusions Alternative tests which are more ethical and efficient than animal experiments should be widely used to assess the toxicity of chemicals for K-REACH registration. The relevant regulatory agencies will have to make efforts to actively adopt and uptake new alternative tests and 3R to K-REACH.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.167-170
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• 2015

The dairy industry, as part of the broader agricultural sector, is classified as a basic industry to the Korea economy. Basic industries provide income to a region by producing an output, purchasing production inputs, services and labor. An integrated, multidisciplinary approach for the next generation of dairy products with added health benefits represent the direct economic contribution. The commercialization of "nutritional" functional foods can only be successful if the consumer is confident in the scientific validity of the claims. Modern biotechnologies such as genomics, genetic expression and biomarkers of health performance suggested to whole dairy products, such as fluid milk, butter, cheese, ice cream and frozen dessert products (German, 1999). The following definition makes the point that dairy products can provide a nutritional value beyond the basic nutritional requirements: 1) The dairy industry has the opportunity to improve the health and well-being of its customers and/or to reduce their risk of disease through dairy products with added activities. 2) Functional dairy products are those that can be demonstrated to benefit target functions in the body in a way that improves the state of health and /or reduces the risk of disease. They are food products that are consumed as part of a normal diet rather than pills or supplements. 3) Dairy products based on functionality will need to link the scientific basis of such functionality to the communication of its benefit to the general public. 4) Both the efficacy and the safety of the food components with health benefits will require evidence based on the measurement of scientific biomarkers relevant to their biological responses and health end points. 5) Sound evidence from human studies based on intermediate health end points using accepted biomarkers will provide the basis for promotional messages divided into two categories-enhanced function and reduced risk of disease. 6) Success in solving key scientific and technological challenges will only be achieved by interdisciplinary research programs to exploit the scientific concepts in functional dairy science.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.206-214
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• 2000

The pressure tube is a major component of the CANDU reactor, which supports nuclear fuel bundle and it's containment vessel. If a flaw is found during the periodic inspection from the pressure tube s. the integrity evaluation must be carried out. and the safety requirements must be satisfied for continued service. In order to complete the integrity evaluation, complicated and iterative calculation procedures are required. Besides, a lot of data and knowledge for the evaluation are required for the entire: integrity evaluation process. For this reason. an integrity evaluation system, which provides efficient of evaluation with the help of attached databases, was developed. The developed system was built on the basis of ASME Sec. XI and FFSG(Fitness For Service Guidelines for zirconium alloy pressure tubes in operating CANDU reactors) issued by the AECL, and covers the delayed hydride cracking(DHC). This system does not only provide various databases including the 3-D finite element analysis results on pressure tubes, inspection data and design specifications but also is compatible with other commercial database software. In order to verify the developed system, several case studies have been performed and the results were compared with those from AECL. A good agreement was observed between those two results.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.725-730
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• 2017

원전의 안전 유지를 위한 계측제어계통에 일반적인 IT 자원을 활용하는 사례가 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 기존 IT 자원이 갖는 잠정적인 보안 취약점으로 인해 원전 사이버 보안 침해 사고가 발생할 수 있으며, 원전의 가동 중단뿐만 아니라 국가적 재난에 이르는 심각한 사고를 야기할 수 있다는 문제가 제기되고 있다. 국내 원자력 규제기관에서는 이에 대응하기 위해 원전 사이버 보안 규제지침을 개발하고 규제 대상 및 범위를 확대시키고 있지만, 원전의 일반적인 보안 문제뿐만 아니라 원전 취약점에 특화된 공격에도 대응할 수 있는 방안이 필요하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 R.G.5.71에서 규정하고 있는 내용 중 취약점 점검과 관련된 42개 항목을 선별하여 5가지의 유형으로 분류 분석하였다. 제안된 분석 내용을 바탕으로 취약점 점검 도구를 개발한다면 원전 사이버 보안 취약점 점검 효율성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.1741-1751
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 프리텐션 공법으로 제작된 프리스트레스 콘크리트 거더의 정적거동을 조사하는 것이 주요 목적이다. 이동식 제작대를 이용하여 현장에서 제작된 지간 30m의 프리텐션 거더에 대한 재하시험이 수행되었다. 모든 시험결과는 수치해석결과와 비교되었으며, 거더의 중앙부에 대한 변위와 변형률이 측정되었다. 실험결과에서 실물모형 시험체의 초기균열발생 하중은 사용하중 보다 1.75배 증가된 하중에서 발생하였다. 또한 연성설계기준을 만족하여 시험체는 초기균열 발생후에 취성파괴하지 않고 연성 파괴될 것으로 판단되었다. 사용성 검토에서 균열발생시의 처짐값이 도로교설계기준(2010)에서 제시한 활하중 재하시의 허용처짐량을 만족하였다. 유한요소 해석결과와 시험결과는 전체적인 거동이 매우 유사하게 나타났으며, 현장제작 프리텐션 거더의 사용성과 안전성 측면에서는 큰 문제가 없는 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.2218-2229
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• 2006

A conservative finite-volume numerical method for unstructured grids with the cell-centered method has been developed for computing flow and heat transfer by combining the attractive features of the existing pressure-based procedures with the advances made in unstructured grid techniques. This method uses an integral form of governing equations for arbitrary convex polyhedra. Care is taken in the discretization and solution procedure to avoid formulations that are cell-shape-specific. A collocated variable arrangement formulation is developed, i.e. all dependent variables such as pressure and velocity are stored at cell centers. For both convective and diffusive fluxes the forms superior to both accuracy and stability are particularly adopted and formulated through a systematic study on the existing approximation ones. Gradients required for the evaluation of diffusion fluxes and for second-order-accurate convective operators are computed by using a linear reconstruction based on the divergence theorem. Momentum interpolation is used to prevent the pressure checkerboarding and a segregated solution strategy is adopted to minimize the storage requirements with the pressure-velocity coupling by the SIMPLE algorithm. An algebraic solver using iterative preconditioned conjugate gradient method is used for the solution of linearized equations. The flow analysis code (PowerCFD) developed by the present method is evaluated for its application to several 2-D structured-mesh benchmark problems using a variety of unstructured quadrilateral and triangular meshes. The present flow analysis code by using unstructured grids with the cell-centered method clearly demonstrate the same accuracy and robustness as that for a typical structured mesh.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.124-143
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• 2010

Cofferdam is a temporary levee or dam structure built by using sheet pile or earth materials to prevent water infiltration during construction work of bridge, dam, harbour dock, or hydraulic structures in the river. In this regard, it is required to secure cutoff ability for dry work and workability for rapid installation and removal of the temporary dam or levee structures. In this paper, case studies for design and construction of cofferdam were performed, and water diversion method was briefed with some examples of cofferdam type as well. For the case study details of design and construction were reviewed based on cofferdams under construction related to 16 submerged weirs of "The 4-river restoration project" and dam type cofferdam respectively. From the review, it was known that the method for changing the water flow is selected based on the data from geological and geo-hydraulic site investigation in order to mitigate environmental effects by making sure if the design cross-sectional area of flow and maximum working days are sufficiently guaranteed. Finally, the primary findings and main conclusion derived are summarized that determination of applicable type of cofferdam should be checked by case study and meet design requirements such as water inflow control, constructability.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.114-119
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• 2010

Objectives: We developed a registry guidance to provide a standard for data collection, analysis and methodical management of information on the influence of drug exposure on pregnant women and fetus. Methods: We surveyed guidances and regulations of clinical trials and the pharmaceutical affairs law, compared them with Pregnancy Exposure Registry of other countries and in addition, investigated related references. We found the flaws of the present registry and supplemented it based on better results from other countries. Results: We developed a concrete and detailed report that included pregnancy drug exposure cases necessary for close monitoring, types and characteristics of data on pregnancy drug exposure, the requirements of registry data, and essential items needed to be researched. Conclusions: Information on pregnancy drug exposure in Korea can be effectively collected by using this report which provides a comprehensive assess to drug's influence on pregnant women and fetus, and in addition, accurate information about safety and effectiveness of drug use in pregnant women and fetus can be obtained by sharing data globally and managing it synthetically and systematically.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.267-271
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• 2014

원자력발전소의 데이터 네트워크와 연관된 안전 계통들은 다양한 IT (information technology) 네트워크 및 응용프로그램들을 적용하여 현대화되고 있다. 발전소 데이터 네트워크의 출현과 더불어 원전 계측제어시스템들은 최신의 디지털화된 마이크로프로세서에 근간을 둔 시스템으로 진화하고 있는 반면에, 일반적인 IT 환경에서의 각종 정보시스템이 가지는 사이버보안 취약성 및 사고의 가능성이 증대되는 단점을 가지게 되었다. 이를 보완하기 위해 원전에 적용하는 데이터 네트워크는 신뢰성, 성능 및 보안요건을 충분히 고려해서 설계되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 원전 계측제어계통에 적용되는 안전한 네트워크의 설계 및 평가 시 사용될 수 있는 기술적인 보안 기준들을 제시하였으며, 본 기준들을 적용하여 설계 및 운영되는 발전소 데이터 네트워크는 외부의 사이버 위협으로부터 효과적인 대처를 할 것으로 판단된다.