• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.225-234
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• 2023

Even at this point in the era of digital transformation, we are still facing many problems in the safety sector that cannot prevent the occurrence or spread of human casualties. When you are in an unexpected emergency, it is often difficult to respond only with human physical ability. Human casualties continue to occur at construction sites, manufacturing plants, and multi-use facilities used by many people in everyday life. If you encounter a situation where normal judgment is impossible in the event of an emergency at a life site where there are still many safety blind spots, it is difficult to cope with the existing manual guidance method. New variable guidance technology, which combines artificial intelligence and digital twin, can make it possible to prevent casualties by processing large amounts of data needed to derive appropriate countermeasures in real time beyond identifying what safety accidents occurred in unexpected crisis situations. When a simple control method that divides and monitors several CCTVs is digitally converted and combined with artificial intelligence and 3D digital twin control technology, intelligence augmentation (IA) effect can be achieved that strengthens the safety decision-making ability required in real time. With the enforcement of the Serious Disaster Enterprise Punishment Act, the importance of distributing a smart location guidance system that urgently solves the decision-making delay that occurs in safety accidents at various industrial sites and strengthens the real-time decision-making ability of field workers and managers is highlighted. The smart location guidance system that combines artificial intelligence and digital twin consists of AIoT HW equipment, wireless communication NW equipment, and intelligent SW platform. The intelligent SW platform consists of Builder that supports digital twin modeling, Watch that meets real-time control based on synchronization between real objects and digital twin models, and Simulator that supports the development and verification of various safety management scenarios using intelligent agents. The smart location guidance system provides on-site monitoring using IoT equipment, CCTV-linked intelligent image analysis, intelligent operating procedures that support workflow modeling to immediately reflect the needs of the site, situational location guidance, and digital twin virtual fencing access control technology. This paper examines the limitations of traditional fixed passive guidance methods, analyzes global technology development trends to overcome them, identifies the digital transformation properties required to switch to intelligent variable smart location guidance methods, explains the characteristics and components of AI-based public facility smart fire safety integrated system (ISFS).

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.222-237
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• 2022

As the COVID-19 pandemic crisis left developing countries with economic setbacks, it is high time to highlight that innovative technologies lead the digital economy. The big powers including the United States and China are already implementing industrial policies that involve large-scale fiscal expenditures to secure the lives and safety of their people. To prepare for the future up to 2025, this paper reflects opinions of industry-academia-research experts regarding changes in the external environment and industry trends. By reflecting results of focus group interviews and changes in the external environment and industry trends, a new high-level 5X strategy (Digital Transformation, Energy Transformation, Bio Health Transformation, Supply Chain Transformation, and Research Transformation) to solve national tasks required for the existing ten policy demand fields and ten agenda during lower-level policy implementation stages were derived.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.27-42
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• 2022

In the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, digital transformation to increase the effectiveness of industry is becoming more important to achieving the goal of industrial innovation. The digital new deal and smart defense are required for digital transformation and utilize artificial intelligence, big data analysis technology, and the Internet of Things. These changes can innovate the industrial fields of national defense, society, and health with new intelligent services by continuously expanding cyberspace. As a result, work productivity, efficiency, convenience, and industrial safety will be strengthened. However, the threat of cyber-attack will also continue to increase due to expansion of the new domain of digital transformation. This paper presents the risk scenarios of cyber-attack threats in the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Further, we propose a preemptive intrusion response model to bolster the complex security environment of the future, which is one of the fundamental alternatives to solving problems relating to cyber-attack. The proposed model can be used as prior research on cyber security strategy and technology development for preemptive response to cyber threats in the future society.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.21-30
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• 1991

In this paper, we study effect of waveness at the optical surface roughness measurement. In generally, waveness components cause errors in calculation of the roughness value of metal surface. We study about surface roughness signals In the frequency domain for separate two signal component of real roughness and waveness by digital signal processing methods. Thereafter, determine low and high Component of frequency spectrum. By this separating frequency value we design liner low and high pass filter which cutoff frequency is 1 Hz. After this process, converted each filtered spectrum by inverse discrete fourier transformation to time domain waveness and real roughness signals We calculate surface roughness value from filtered roughness signals. For evaluate this method, we use five specimens roughness signal which obtained from optical surface roughness measuring system in 3mm/s moving speed with 0.1 mm laser beam spot size As a result, we obtain more linerized roughness value than that of unfiltered roughness signals.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.30-39
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• 2023

Large dams, which are critical infrastructures for disaster prevention, are exposed to various risks such as aging, floods, and earthquakes. Better dam safety inspection and diagnosis using digital transformation technologies are needed. Traditional visual inspection methods by human inspectors have several limitations, including many inaccessible areas, danger of working at heights, and know-how based subjective inspections. In this study, drone photogrammetry was performed on two large dams to evaluate the applicability of digital data-based dam safety inspection and propose a data management methodology for continuous use. High-quality 3D digital models with GSD (ground sampling distance) within 2.5 cm/pixel were generated by flat double grid missions and manual photography methods, despite reservoir water surface and electromagnetic interferences, and severe altitude differences ranging from 42 m to 99.9 m of dam heights. Geometry profiles of the as-built conditions were easily extracted from the generated 3D mesh models, orthomosaic images, and digital surface models. The effectiveness of monitoring dam deformation by photogrammetry was confirmed. Cracks and deterioration of dam concrete structures, such as spillways and intake towers, were detected and visualized efficiently using the digital 3D models. This can be used for safe inspection of inaccessible areas and avoiding risky tasks at heights. Furthermore, a methodology for mapping the inspection result onto the 3D digital model and structuring a relational database for managing deterioration information history was proposed. As a result of measuring the labor and time required for safety inspection at the SYG Dam spillway, the drone photogrammetry method was found to have a 48% productivity improvement effect compared to the conventional manpower visual inspection method. The drone photogrammetry-based dam safety inspection is considered very effective in improving work productivity and data reliability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.39-52
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• 1995

There are numerous mapping, charting, geodetic systems and electronic digital products defined in various local geodetic datum. It becomes a straight forward requirement to simplify the complexity by referencing all the products to a common reference globally. WGS-84 is well known as a state-of-the-art global reference system based on the use of data, techniques and technology available within American Defence Mapping Agency(DMA). Its parameters can be translated into more accurate maps, charts and geodetic positioning compared to others previously. Since Global Positioning System(GPS/NAVSTAR), which is asssociated with World Geodetic System(WGS-84)in reference frame, has been widely used, the unified geodetic system has been required for GPS users in many fields.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.394-402
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• 2019

The Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated gene transfer is widely used to generate genetic transformation of plants and transient assay of temporal exogenous gene expression. Syringe infiltration system into tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) leaves is a powerful tool for transient expression of target protein to study protein localization, protein-protein binding and protein production. However, the protocol and technical information of transient gene expression, especially double strand RNA (dsRNA), in tobacco using Agrobacterium is not well known. Recently, dsRNA is crucial for insecticidal effect on destructive agronomic pest such as Corn rootworm. In this study, we investigated the factor influencing the dsRNA expression efficiency of syringe agro-infiltration in tobacco. To search the best combination for dsRNA transient expression in tobacco, applied two Agrobacterium cell lines and three plant vector systems. The efficiency of dsRNA expression has estimated by real-time PCR and digital PCR. As a result, pHellsgate12 vector constructs showed the most effective accumulation of dsRNA in the cell. These results indicated that the efficiency of dsRNA expression was depending on the kind of vector rather than Agrobacterium cells. In summary, the optimized combination of transient dsRNA expression system in tobacco might be useful to in vivo dsRNA expression for functional study and risk assessment of dsRNA.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.433-443
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• 1997

In this work, an analytic approach to the dependability of software in the operational phase is suggested with special attention to the hardware fault effects on the software behavior : The hardware faults considered are memory faults and the dependability measure in question is the reliability. The model is based on the simple reliability theory and the graph theory which represents the software with graph composed of nodes and arcs. Through proper transformation, the graph can be reduced to a simple two-node graph and the software reliability is derived from this graph. Using this model, we predict the reliability of an application software in the digital system (ILS) in the nuclear power plant and show the sensitivity of the software reliability to the major physical parameters which affect the software failure in the normal operation phase. We also found that the effects of the hardware faults on the software failure should be considered for predicting the software dependability accurately in operation phase, especially for the software which is executed frequently. This modeling method is particularly attractive for the medium size programs such as the microprocessor-based nuclear safety logic program.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.155-161
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• 2023

In the process of remarkable progress in the medical and technical field and activating the role of technology in health care services and applications, and since the safety of medical data and its protection from security violations plays a major role in assessing the security of health facilities and the safety of medical servers Thus, it is necessary to know the cyber vulnerabilities in health information systems and other related services to prevent and address them in addition to obtaining the best solutions and practices to reach a high level of cybersecurity against attackers, especially due to the digital transformation of health care systems and the rest of the dealings. This research is about what cyberattacks are and the purpose of them, in addition to the methods of penetration. Then challenges, solutions and some of the security issues will be discussed in general, and a special highlight will be given to obtaining a safe infrastructure to enjoy safe systems in return.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.192-203
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• 2023

Digital therapeutics based on software, such as artificial intelligence, virtual reality, games, and smartphone applications, are in the spotlight as new therapeutic alternatives in child and adolescent psychiatry. It draws attention to overcoming conventional therapeutics' limitations, such as toxicity, cost, and accessibility, and encourages patients to participate in the treatment attractively. The growth potential of the digital therapeutics market for psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents in Korea and abroad has been highlighted. Clinical studies and Food and Drug Administration approvals for digital therapeutics have increased, and cases approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety have emerged in Korea. As seen above, digital transformation in child and adolescent psychiatry will change treatment paradigms significantly. Therefore, as this new field has just begun to emerge, it is necessary to verify the effectiveness and scope of the application of digital therapeutics and consider preparing a compensation system and institutional arrangements. Accordingly, this study analyzed the development trends and application status of digital therapeutics in children and adolescents and presented limitations and development directions from the perspective of application in healthcare. Further, the study is expected to identify the utility and limitations of digital therapeutics for children and adolescents and establish effective application measures.