• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.105-121
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• 2011

Objectives: This paper presents the framework and protocol design for a construction industry risk management toolbox. The construction industry needs a comprehensive, systematic approach to assess and control occupational risks. These risks span several professional health and safety disciplines, emphasized by multiple international occupational research agenda projects including: falls, electrocution, noise, silica, welding fumes, and musculoskeletal disorders. Yet, the International Social Security Association says, "whereas progress has been made in safety and health, the construction industry is still a high risk sector." Methods: Small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) employ about 80% of the world's construction workers. In recent years a strategy for qualitative occupational risk management, known as Control Banding (CB) has gained international attention as a simplified approach for reducing work-related risks. CB groups hazards into stratified risk 'bands', identifying commensurate controls to reduce the level of risk and promote worker health and safety. We review these qualitative solutions-based approaches and identify strengths and weaknesses toward designing a simplified CB 'toolbox' approach for use by SMEs in construction trades. Results: This toolbox design proposal includes international input on multidisciplinary approaches for performing a qualitative risk assessment determining a risk 'band' for a given project. Risk bands are used to identify the appropriate level of training to oversee construction work, leading to commensurate and appropriate control methods to perform the work safely. Conclusion: The Construction Toolbox presents a review-generated format to harness multiple solutions-based national programs and publications for controlling construction-related risks with simplified approaches across the occupational safety, health and hygiene professions.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.322-334
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• 2007

This study covers the investigation of the actual condition in the workplace to produce plastics products using synthetic resins and the investigation on the trends amount of the domestic production of thermoplastic resins. To analyze the monomers included in thermoplastic resins frequently used in the workplace, we analyzed thermal characteristics for test compounds using thermogravimetric analysis and did the qualitative analysis using Pyrolyzer GC-MSD & TDS GC-MSD. And then we classified the health hazard of monomers based on GHS classification criteria using information toxicity & carcinogenicity. The number of the workplace to produce plastics products among all domestic manufacturers of 73,884 was 4,391 (5.94%). The number of workers to produce plastics products among all workers of 2,522,750 in all domestic manufacturers was 104,971 (4.16%). The amount of production per year for thermoplastic resins is in the order of PP, HDPE, LDPE, PVC, ABS, PS and such compounds was producing over 1 Million ton per year each. The classification result based on GHS classification criteria for 22 main compounds included thermoplastic resins says 2 compounds of acrylonitrile, naphthalene are in Acute oral category 3 and benzene is in Acute dermal category 1. The classification results of health hazard of carcinogenicity based on IARC & ACGIH carcinogen classification says 2 compounds of benzene, vinyl chloride are in category 1A (known to be human carcinogens).

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.41-64
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• 2007

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to verify the validity of the evaluation indicators on safety and health education programs provided to Korean industrial workers, by developing further. Methods: To develop the early evaluation indicator, the secondary analysis was made on 'Survey on Industrial safety & health trends', the national wide survey data product by Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency, as well as the various examinations on literatures. To validate such developed evaluation indicator, 13 safety and health managers in Focus Group discussion to prove the reliability of the contents were composed. To confirm the face validity, the interview with 6 industrial safety and health education experts was held to study the appropriateness of the content. With the cooperation from Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency, the structured survey was performed with the safety and health managers from 588 businesses who participated in the education program for the later half of 2006. In this study, the number of responses was randomly divided into 1:1 two groups, in which one group was for the Exploratory Factor Analysis and the other group was for the Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Results: The results were as follows. First, for the Structure category, 18 evaluation indicators were developed into 4 evaluation categories such as a preliminary examination, education staff and organization, education environment and rules/ regulation. Secondly, the Activity category was comprised of 10 evaluation indicators with respect to 2 areas of curriculum satisfaction and program evaluation. Finally, for the Output category, 9 evaluation indicators were developed into 2 evaluation areas such as documentation and information share and education effects. Conclusions: The evaluation indicators developed through this study will possibly develop and be applied to evaluation tools on safety and health education program, which may further become the standardized indicators to better operate the industrial safety and health education programs.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2010

Texts and icons are used to deliver the safety and health information on pesticide labels. This study surveyed the standards or guidelines regarding the presentation formats of texts and icons used in pesticides. Also, the text and icon formats being used in the 50 pesticide products in Korea were investigated in the aspects of size, font (texts only), color. From the guideline survey, it was found that while the guidelines for the text fonts and colors in pesticides were suggested, there was no detailed guidelines about the text size. For the icon presentation, it was regulated that the icon size for the pesticides should be larger than $7mm{\times}7mm$, and this size was equivalent to the size when the reading distance of 28 ㎝ was applied to other two guidelines. From the sample survey of the 50 pesticides, it was found that the small text size being used in the 50 pesticides was 1mm (3pt), and this size was considered to be very difficult to be read, particularly by old people. The minimum size of the texts for the toxicity of the pesticide, the very important safety information, was found to be 1.5 mm, which is considered to be very uncomfortable to be read. The size of icons were varied from 2 to 12 mm, and the total average size was 4.6 mm. The 149 icons from a total 187 icons (80%) were smaller than the icon presentation guideline ($7mm{\times}7mm$), and the reason for the small icon size might be the small area of the label of the pesticides. Thus, more detailed guidelines for the text size and more practical guidelines for the size of icons are required.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between MMPI(Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) scale and safety and health related indices in the shipbuilding workmen. The MMPI scores of the 230 shipbuilding workmen applicants and their performance records regarding safety and health were analyzed through t-test and one-way ANOVA to obtain the following results; (1) applicants intended to show the positive characteristics of their personality, and this attitude reflected a decrease on T-scores of MMPI; (2) there were significant relationships between some MMPI subscales and safety & health related indices. These results can be used to provide baseline information for more effective accident prevention programs.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.198-205
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• 2001

Many reactive dyes have been used in occupational settings without knowing their toxicity and health hazard information. To investigate the toxicity of reactive dye, C.I.No. Reactive Red 195 was exposed to male and female Sprague Dawley rats by inhalation for 28 days. The rats were exposed C.I.No. Reactive Red 195 for 6 hrs per day and 5days per week. The concentrations for the inhalation exposure were 0, 10, 40 and $160mg/m^3$. After 4 weeks of exposure, rats were examined for exposure related changes through pathology, blood biochemistry and hematology. There were no dose related changes including clinical signs, body weight and relative organ weight changes, hematological and biochemical and histopathological findings. The results indicate that no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 28 days inhalatrion toxicity test for C.I.No. Reactive Red 195 was $160mg/m^3$.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.60-65
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• 2013

Introducing the concept of construction safety in the design/engineering phase can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of safety management on construction sites. In this sense, further improvements for safety can be made in the design/engineering phase through the development of (1) an automated hazard identification process that is little dependent on user knowledge, (2) an automated construction schedule generation to accommodate varying hazard information over time, and (3) a visual representation of the results that is easy to understand. In this paper, we formulate an automated hazard identification framework for construction safety by extracting hazard information from related regulations to eliminate human interventions, and by utilizing a visualization technique in order to enhance users' understanding on hazard information. First, the hazard information is automatically extracted from textual safety and health regulations (i.e., Occupational Safety Health Administration (OSHA) Standards) by using natural language processing (NLP) techniques without users' interpretations. Next, scheduling and sequencing of the construction activities are automatically generated with regard to the 3D building model. Then, the extracted hazard information is integrated into the geometry data of construction elements in the industry foundation class (IFC) building model using a conformity-checking algorithm within the open source 3D computer graphics software. Preliminary results demonstrate that this approach is advantageous in that it can be used in the design/engineering phases of construction without the manual interpretation of safety experts, facilitating the designers' and engineers' proactive consideration for improving safety management.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to contribute to the prevention of occupational diseases through the development of an automatic analysis program for evaluating workers' exposure to hazardous chemical substances. Methods: The authors selected chemical substances that caused occupational disease in Korea and chemical substances that are frequently used in industrial sites as target substances for a GC-MS automatic analysis program. The target substances are organic compounds which can be measured by a passive sampler. The automatic analysis program was studied using various raw data obtained from GC-MS analysis for the target substances. Results: A total of 48 organic compounds that can be measured with a passive sampler were selected as target substances for the GC-MS automatic analysis program. The selected compounds included substances that caused occupational disease, substances related to C1 and D1 in special health examinations, and substances for which work environment measurements have been frequently conducted. The GC-MS automatic analysis program was developed by combining information mainly on retention time and mass spectrum. The GC-MS automatic analysis program is designed to analyze unknown samples by comparing the mass spectrum and retention time of the samples to those of reference materials. To evaluate the stability of the program, samples at about the 30-50% level of OELs were prepared and analyzed with the GC-MS automatic analysis program, resulting in stable results for all 48 organic compounds. Conclusion: An automatic analysis program for a total of 48 organic compounds was developed using a GC-MS system that can analyze organic compounds. Unknown samples that contain the 48 organic compounds can be automatically analyzed by the developed program. It is anticipated that it can contribute to the prevention of occupational diseases through an GC-MS automatic analysis program that can quickly provide workers with information on exposure to chemical substances.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.507-519
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• 2022

연구목적: 소규모 사업장에서 중대재해처벌법의 안전보건 확보의무를 준수하는 효율적이고 실무적인 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 연구방법: 문헌연구와 선행연구를 바탕으로 안전보건경영시스템과의 연계, 프로세스 접근방법 등을 활용한 중대재해처벌법 준수방안을 검토하였다. 연구결과: 안전보건경영시스템을 충실히 이행하면 중대재해처벌법의 안전보건 확보의무를 준수할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 그리고 안전보건 확보의무를 이행하고 점검하는 방법론을 제시하였다. 결론: 프로세스 접근방법과 이행점검 체크리스트를 적극 활용하여 안전보건경영시스템을 운영하면 중대재해처벌법 준수는 물론 안전보건경영시스템의 지속적 개선이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.723-733
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• 2020

연구목적: 본 연구는 안전보건진단제도에 대한 문제점을 도출하기 위해 산업안전보건법에서 정한 조문의 계층별 설문모형을 설계하고 이를 3집단의 전문가 그룹으로 분류하여 건설현장에서의 안전보건제도 실효성 도출을 목적으로 한다. 연구방법: 법적 현황 분석 및 해외 관련 제도 분석과 AHP 계층분석 설문 모형을 설정하여 분석결과의 타당성을 검증하였다. 연구결과: 설문항목 분석 결과 인적활용도와 사전 계획의 치밀성이 포함된 항목에 높은 중요도를 보였으며, 특히 중견건설업체의 경우에는 안전보건진단 이후 개선 활동의 적극성에 가장 높은 중요도를 보였다. 결론: 본 연구를 통해 건설업 안전보건제도 개선을 위한 문제점을 인식하고, 전문가들의 개선대책을 정책적·제도적 개선방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.