• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.1250-1258
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• 2017

The multigroup transport theory is the basis for many neutronics modules. A significant point of the cross-section (XS) generation procedure is the choice of the energy groups' boundaries in the XS libraries, which must be carefully selected as an unsuitable energy meshing can easily lead to inaccurate results. This decision can require considerable effort and is particularly difficult for the common user, especially if not well-versed in reactor physics. This work investigates a genetic algorithm-based tool which selects an appropriate XS energy structure (ES) specific for the considered problem, to be used for the condensation of a fine multigroup library. The procedure is accelerated by results storage and fitness calculation speedup and can be easily parallelized. The extension is applied to the coupled code SIMMER and tested on the European Sustainable Nuclear Industrial Initiative (ESNII+) Advanced Sodium Technological Reactor for Industrial Demonstration (ASTRID)-like reactor system with different fitness functions. The results show that, when the libraries are condensed based on the ESs suggested by the algorithm, the code actually returns the correct multiplication factor, in both reference and voided conditions. The computational effort reduction obtained by using the condensed library rather than the fine one is assessed and is much higher than the time required for the ES search.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.3151-3157
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• 2021

Copper is an important structural material in various nuclear energy applications, therefore the correct knowledge of copper cross sections is crucial. The presented paper deals with a validation of different copper transport libraries by means of activation of selected samples. An intense ²⁵²Cf(sf) source with a reference neutron spectrum was used as a neutron source. After irradiation, the samples were measured using a high purity germanium detector and the dosimeter reaction rates were inferred. These experimental data were compared with MCNP6 calculations using CENDL-3.1, JENDL-4.0, ENDF/B-VII.1, ENDF/B-VIII.0, JEFF-3.2 and JEFF-3.3 evaluated Cu transport libraries. The experiment specifically focuses on ⁵⁸Ni(n,p)⁵⁸Co, ⁹³Nb(n,2n)^92mNb, ¹⁹⁷Au(n,g)¹⁹⁸Au and ⁵⁵Mn(n,g)⁵⁶Mn dosimetry reactions. Evaluated activation cross sections of these dosimetric reactions were taken from the IRDFF-II library. The best library performance depends on the energy region of interest.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.933-946
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• 2020

Objective: The aim of this study was to provide a systematic review of the Korean literature on the influence of herbal medicine on liver function. Additionally, we tried to estimate the change in the data on liver function tests (LFTs) and the incidence of liver injury (LI) after taking herbal medicine. Methods: Systematic literature searches were performed on 6 major Korean databases (Research Information Sharing Service (RISS), Korea Institute of Science and Technology information (KISTI), National Assembly Electronic Library, Korean Medical database (KMBASE), Korean Traditional Portal, and Dongui University Electronic Library) from January 2010 to June 2020. No restrictions were placed on the types of publications, which included grey literature. Results: The data indicate that herbal medicine might be a minor cause of LI in Korea. However the results are not supported strongly enough to verify the safety issues because of the limitations of the original studies. Conclusions: Additional well-planned studies are still needed that can overcome the heterogeneity and the considerable methodological flaws in the analyzed studies.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.226-233
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• 2022

Ephedra herbs are defined as stem of Ephedra sinica , Ephedra intermedia and Ephedra equisetina in the Korean Pharmacopoeia. It is important to use pure herbs to derive the safety and efficacy of herbal medicine. However, the identification of these herbs by conventional taxonomic methods is difficult. Recently, many studies have applied these DNA barcoding for the identification of herbal medicinal species using standard DNA markers. In this study, we report a case study in which the identification of Ephedra species was done by DNA barcoding. For identification of Ephedra species, 17 samples were collected, and a reference DNA barcode library was developed using 6 markers (rbcL, matK, ITS2, ycf1, ycf3, and rpoC2). To develop KASP-SNP markers, we selected 4 markers (ycf1, ycf3, rpl2, and rbcL), which were able to distinguish three Ephedra species. In the result, the specific markers for each of the three Ephedra were clustered into FAM-positive section, whereas non-targeted plants were clustered either HEX-positive or negative section. Therefore, we have developed KASP assay that allow rapid and easy Ephedra species identification using three KASP markers.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.209-220
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• 2024

Cavier is graded as Beluga, Osetra, and Sevruga based on the species of sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis). In this study, we developed an analytical method for determining the grade of black caviar using DNA barcodes and KASP markers. To identify the sturgeon species, ten black caviar samples were collected, and a reference DNA barcode library was developed using five genes (namely, 16S ribosomal RNA, cytochrome b, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, cytochrome c oxidase subunit II, and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 genes). To develop the KASP markers, we selected 11 markers that could distinguish between the five grades of black caviar. As a result, specific markers for each of the targeted caviars were clustered into FAM-positive sections. DNA barcoding and the KASP assay revealed that one Beluga, six Osetra, and three Sevruga were identified among the ten caviar samples. Moreover, we found that the sturgeon species were mislabeled in two products. Here, we aimed to develop a KASP assay based on SNP that allows rapid and easy identification of caviar grade. These methods are expected to contribute to preventing the distribution of illegal products.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.8
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• pp.1610-1616
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• 2017

To validate the new Evaluated Nuclear Data File $(ENDF)/B-VIII.0{\beta}4$ library, 31 different critical cores were selected and used for a benchmark test of the important parameter keff. The four utilized libraries are processed using Nuclear Data Processing Code (NJOY2016). The results obtained with the $ENDF/B-VIII.0{\beta}4$ library were compared against those calculated with ENDF/B-VI.8, ENDF/B-VII.0, and ENDF/B-VII.1 libraries using the Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP(X)) code. All the MCNP(X) calculations of keff values with these four libraries were compared with the experimentally measured results, which are available in the International Critically Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project. The obtained results are discussed and analyzed in this paper.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.181-187
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• 2013

In order to investigate environmental stress inducible genes in abalone, we analyzed differentially expressed transcripts from a Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai, after exposure to heat-, cold- or hyposalinity-shock by suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method. 1,074 unique sequences from SSH libraries were composed to 115 clusters and 986 singletons, the overall redundancy of the library was 16.3%. From the BLAST search, of the 1,316 ESTs, 998 ESTs (75.8%) were identified as known genes, but 318 clones (24.2%) did not match to any previously described genes. From the comparison results of ESTs pattern of three SSH cDNA libraries, the most abundant EST was different in each SSH library: small heat shock protein p26 (sHSP26) in heat-shock, trypsinogen 2 in cold-shock, and actin in hyposalinity SSH cDNA library. Based on sequence similarities, several response-to-stress genes such as heat shock proteins (HSPs) were identified commonly from the abalone SSH libraries. HSP70 gene was induced by environmental stress regardless of temperature-shock or salinity-stress, while the increase of sHSP26 mRNA expression was not detected in cold-shock but in heat-shock condition. These results suggest that the suppression subtractive hybridization method is an efficient way to isolate differentially expressed gene from the invertebrate environmental stress-response transcriptome.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.253-277
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to clarify the spatial characteristics of the children's library and user's behavioral characteristics and to empirically analyze the difference in preference of the spatial characteristics based on the using behaviors. For doing this, this study selected 16 children's libraries in the country as a sampling institute and collected and analyzed 661 questionnaires targeting infants, and the lower and upper graders. The results of analysis are as follows. First, while there was a difference in the relation between the spatial characteristics and the user's characteristics according to ages and sexes, there was no difference in the developing stage. Second, there was a difference in the relation between the spatial characteristics and the using behaviors. Detailed results are as follows. While users who visit the library for reading prefer amenity and peacefulness, those who visit the library for other reasons prefer communication and territoriality. Children prefer diversity, peacefulness and communication when they visit in group rather than to visit individually. In terms of behavioral patterns, users who act quietly prefer diversity than those who act actively. Reading use frequency, as the number of times to visit increased, preference on esthetic sense, dynamics, flexibility, leisure, communication and territoriality increased, but preference on safety decreased. As the length of visit became longer, preference on diversity, self-esteem, peacefulness, dynamics and flexibility increased.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.4327-4333
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• 2016

Purpose: To systematically review efficacyand safety of robotic gastrectomy (RG) compared with conventional laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) for gastric carcinoma. Materials and Methods: A systematic literature search was carried out using PubMed, Cochrane Library, CBM, CNKI, WanFang, VIP and other sources like relevant references to obtain comparative studies assessing the effectiveness and safety between RG and LG published between 2013 and 2016. Then the literature was screened and the data were extracted by 2 independent reviewers. The quality of the literature was assessed, and the data analyzed using Stata/SE 14 software. Fixed effects or random effects models wereapplied according to heterogeneity. Results: A total of 12 non-randomized observational clinical studies involving 3,580 patients were included, of which 1,096 had undergone RG and 2,484 had received LG. The results of the meta-analysis showed in terms of effectiveness, RG was associated with less blood loss, less time to first flatus and greater number of harvested lymph nodes, but there were no significant differences in proximal and distal resection margins, compared with LG. In terms of efficiency, RG was associated with shorter hospital stay, but longer operative time. In terms of safety, there were no statistically significant differences in complications, mortality and conversions between RG and LG. Conclusions: RG can achieve comparable or better short-term and radical effects than LG, with respect to effectiveness, efficiency and safety in treatment of gastric carcinoma. Future studies involving RG should focus on decreasing operative time and reducing cost. Moreover, there is a need for randomized controlled trials comparing the two techniques with long-term follow-up.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.75-91
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• 2012

Background: Dental sedation reduces fear and phobia during dental treatment and helps patients get quality treatment by inducing adequate consciousness control. Propofol has recently grabbed the spotlight, but no meta-analysis for efficacy and safety of propofol in dentistry has yet been performed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to perform meta-analysis to verify the efficacy and safety of propofol for use in dental sedation. Methods: Articles published between 1980 and 2010 were searched in the web sites, journals and medical database including The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and EMBASE. And a total of 22 studies were selected among the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the use of propofol with other sedatives (control group). The data was collected from these studies and meta-analysis for efficacy and safety was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis 5.0 (CMA 5.0). Results: The patient recovered significantly faster and discharged significantly earlier in the propofol group (SMD = -1.442, P < 0.001). The satisfaction of patient and that of operator was higher in the propofol group (P < 0.05). The incidence of arrhythmia and apnea/ hypoventilation was significantly lower in the propofol group (OR = 0.071, P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the other side effects. On the level of sedation, although the sedation score was significantly lower in the propofol group (SMD = -0.430, P < 0.05). Conclusions: The present analysis showed that the use of propofol resulted in high satisfaction levels on the part of the patients and operators, a shorter recovery time, and faster hospital discharge. The incidence of complications, however, was lower in the propofol groups or not much different between the propofol and control groups. Thus, the adequate use of propofol in dentistry is believed to be helpful for the effective and safe sedation of the patients.