• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.82-87
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• 2008

Algae are vital in the primary production of the aquatic ecosystem, having been considered as good indicators of the bioactivity of pesticides. Algae have short life cycle, respond quickly to environmental change and their diversity and density can indicate the quality of their habitat. The purpose of the study was to determine the growth inhibition effects of butachlor (Tech. 93.4%) and $K_2Cr_2O_7$ (Tech. 99.5%) in Selenastrum capriconutum, Scenedesmus subspicatus, Chlorella vulgaris and Nitzschia palea during and exposure period of 72 hours. The toxicological responses of S. capriconutum, S. subspicatus, C. vulgaris and N. Palea to butachlor, expressed in individual $ErC_{50}$ values were 0.0022, 0.019, 8.67 and $4.94\;mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. NOEC values were 0.0008, 0.0016, 5.34 and $2.92\;mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. S. capriconutum was more sensitive than the other algae species. The toxicological responses of S. capriconutum, S. subspicatus, C. vulgaris and N. palea to $K_2Cr_2O_7$ expressed as $ErC_{50}$ values were 0.91, 0.78, 0.85 and $0.57\;mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. NOEC values were 0.2, 0.2, 0.2 and $0.18\;mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. Growth inhibition of S. capriconutum, S. subspicatus, C. vulgaris and N. palea from PEC of butachlor were 100, 75, 0 and 0%, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1753-1762
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• 2017

Sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) is a popular seafood source in Asia, including South Korea, and its consumption has recently increased with recognition of its medicinal properties. However, because raw sea cucumber contains various microbes, its ingestion can cause foodborne illness. Therefore, analysis of the microbiota in the whole body of sea cucumber can extend our understanding of foodborne illness caused by microorganisms and help to better manage products. We collected 40 sea cucumbers from four different sites in August and November, which are known as the maximum production areas in Korea. The microbiota was analyzed by an Illumina MiSeq system, and bacterial amounts were quantified by real-time PCR. The diversity and bacterial amounts in sea cucumber were higher in August than in November. Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria were common dominant classes in all samples. However, the microbiota composition differed according to sampling time and site. Staphylococcus warneri and Propionibacterium acnes were commonly detected potential pathogens in August and November samples, respectively. The effect of experimental Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection on the indigenous microbiota of sea cucumber was analyzed at different temperatures, revealing clear alterations of Psychrobacter and Moraxella; thus, these shifts can be used as indicators for monitoring infection of sea cucumber. Although further studies are needed to clarify and understand the virulence and mechanisms of the identified pathogens of sea cucumber, our study provides a valuable reference for determining the potential of foodborne illness caused by sea cucumber ingestion and to develop monitoring strategies of products using microbiota information.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.45-55
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• 2012

Electronic data management is getting important to reduce overall cost and run-time of clinical data management with the enhancement of data quality. It also critically needs to meet regulated guidelines for the overall quality and safety of electronic clinical trials. The purpose of this paper is to develop the performance evaluation framework in electronic clinical data management. Four key metrics in the area of infrastructure, intellectual preparation, study implementation and study completion covering major aspects of clinical trial processes are proposed. The performance measures evaluate the extent of regulation compliance, data quality, cost and efficiency of electronic data management process. They also provide measurement indicators for each evaluation items. Based on the key metrics, the performance evaluation framework is developed in three major areas involved in clinical data management - clinical site, monitoring and data coordinating center. As of the initial attempt how to evaluate the extent of electronic data management in clinical trials by Delphi survey, further empirical studies are planned and recommended.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.500-505
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• 2014

In recent years, organic ginseng cultivation has increased because customers prefer organic ginseng products due to the morphological quality as well as the safety such as the residuals of chemically-synthesized pesticides. Therefore, some of paddy and upland fields were converted into organic ginseng fields. Soil chemical properties, soil microflora, and soil-inhabiting animals were investigated in paddy-converted and upland organic ginseng fields in Sangju city, Korea. There was few difference in the soil chemical properties, and the soil nutrient concentrations, such as nitrate-N, Av. $P_2O_5$ between the two field types, and exchangeable cations such as K and Ca were within the ranges which are recommended by the standard ginseng-farming manual. Changes in microflora were also assessed by analyzing phospholipid fatty acid composition. Overall, indicators of microbial groups were greater in the upland field than in the paddy-converted soil, but they were not significantly different. In addition, there was no significant change in the abundance of nematodes, collembolans, and mites between the two field types probably because of the high variation within the field types. In this study, it was suggested that soil chemical and biological properties for organic ginseng cultivation were greatly influenced by the variation of topography and soil management practices rather than field types. Further study may be needed to investigate the influence of these factors on soil chemical and biological properties in organic ginseng soils.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.293-302
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• 2020

Food safety has emerged as a growing concern for human health in recent times. Consuming contaminated food may lead to serious health problems, and therefore, a system for monitoring food freshness that is both non-detrimental to the quality of food and highly accurate is required to ensure that only high-quality fresh food packages are provided to the customers. This paper proposes a method to monitor and detect food quality using a compact smart sensor tag. The smart tag is composed of three ultra-low-power sensors, which monitor four major indicators of food freshness: temperature, humidity, and the concentrations of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide gases. An RF energy scavenging circuit is integrated into the smart sensor tag to harvest energy from radio waves at a high frequency of 13.56 MHz to supply sufficient power to the tag. Experimental results show that the proposed energy harvester can efficiently obtain energy at a distance of approximately 40 cm from a 4 W reader. In addition, the proposed smart sensor tag can operate without any battery, thereby eliminating the requirement of frequent battery replacement and consequently decreasing the cost. Meanwhile, the freshness of preserved pork is continuously monitored under two conditions--room temperature and refrigerator temperature--both of which are the most common temperatures under which food is generally stored. The food-monitoring experiments are conducted over a period of one week using the proposed battery-less tag. Based on the experimental results, the food assessment is classified into four categories: fresh, normal, low, and spoiled.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.343-359
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• 2017

This study aims to analyze the government accounting system of South Korea on the institutional complex and institutional congruence of new institutional theory and suggests policy reform for the system. I researched the literatures on the national and local accounting system and compiled research materials from the Ministry of Strategy and Finance, the Ministry of Interior and Safety, the Board of Audit and Inspection, and Government Accounting and Finance Statistics Center websites. Analysis showed that the government accounting system consists of various elements in institutional complex and the congruence level of national and local accounting system of South Korea is low in production, disclosure, and application of information. The suggestions of this study include: introducing accounting position recruitment, adopting government audit system, and improving cooperation between national accounting organizations and local accounting organizations for reliable information production; disclosing real time information and revealing information linking national and local accounting for transparent information disclosure; educating information user, providing accurate cost and available financial analysis indicators, introducing chief financial officer, and expanding range of consolidated national financial statements for information application.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.194-202
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• 2013

In the modern society, phenomena such as a decrease in population and an increase in urban small houses caused by demographic changes, a decrease in midium-large housing constructions, and the concentration of one to two person families in the capital area cultivated ground for the growth of small house market. In response to these trends, interior coordination becomes a critical factor to be applied to the small houses in order to suit the residents' needs in most convenient, efficient and aesthetic ways. Therefore, an evaluation element is in demand to extract, evaluate and constantly improve the interior coordination elements. This study extracts and analyzes the essential elements required for small houses into spatial structure, system coordination and interior coordination. In domestic cases, most of spatial structure was conventional and linear while in foreign countries, various variations were found to reflect the needs from different consumers. For the system coordination, convenience played the most important role to emphasize on the easy use of digital system and built-in appliance system in domestic cases. However, in foreign countries, safety issue and economic aspects were the most considered when it comes to the interior coordination. In regard to interior coordination, installations of the storages for the limited small spaces that also support as extended spaces were rare to find in both cases for domestic and international settings. It is expected that systematic studies focused on more objective standards for interior coordination shall be implemented to provide indicators to measure the interior coordination cases in the near future.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.60 no.11
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• pp.353-358
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• 2017

Purpose: To develop and evaluate a simple screening tool to assess hearing loss in newborns. A derived score was compared with the standard clinical practice tool. Methods: This cohort study was designed to screen the hearing of newborns using transiently evoked otoacoustic emission and auditory brain stem response, and to determine the risk factors associated with hearing loss of newborns in 3 tertiary hospitals in Northern Thailand. Data were prospectively collected from November 1, 2010 to May 31, 2012. To develop the risk score, clinical-risk indicators were measured by Poisson risk regression. The regression coefficients were transformed into item scores dividing each regression-coefficient with the smallest coefficient in the model, rounding the number to its nearest integer, and adding up to a total score. Results: Five clinical risk factors (Craniofacial anomaly, Ototoxicity, Birth weight, family history [Relative] of congenital sensorineural hearing loss, and Apgar score) were included in our COBRA score. The screening tool detected, by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, more than 80% of existing hearing loss. The positive-likelihood ratio of hearing loss in patients with scores of 4, 6, and 8 were 25.21 (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.69-43.26), 58.52 (95% CI, 36.26-94.44), and 51.56 (95% CI, 33.74-78.82), respectively. This result was similar to the standard tool (The Joint Committee on Infant Hearing) of 26.72 (95% CI, 20.59-34.66). Conclusion: A simple screening tool of five predictors provides good prediction indices for newborn hearing loss, which may motivate parents to bring children for further appropriate testing and investigations.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.179-185
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• 2012

Paecilomyces sinclairiis (PS) is known as a functional food or human health supplement. However concerns have been raised about its kidney toxicity. This study was performed to investigate the kidney toxicity of PS by 13 week-oral administration to rats. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, and kidney damage biomarkers including beta-2-microglobulin (${\beta}2m$), glutathione S-transferase alpha (GST-${\alpha}$), kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1), tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), calbindin, clusterin, cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and osteopontin were measured during or after the treatment of PS. BUN, creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not changed by PS. However, kidney cell karyomegaly and tubular hypertrophy were observed dose-dependently with higher severity in males. KIM-1, TIMP-1 and osteopontin in kidney and urine were increased dose dependently in male or at the highest dose in female rats. Increased urinary osteopontin by PS was not recovered at 2 weeks of post-exposure in both genders. Cystatin C in kidney was decreased at all treatment groups but inversely increased in urine. The changes in kidney damage biomarkers were more remarkable in male than female rats. These data indicate that the PS may provoke renal cell damage and glomerular filtration dysfunction in rats with histopathological lesions and change of kidney damage biomarkers in kidney or urine. Kidney and urinary KIM-1 and cystatin C were the most marked indicators, while kidney weight, BUN and creatinine and kidney damage biomarkers in serum were not influenced.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.3955-3971
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• 2020

Due to the significant increase in the use of autonomous car technology, it is essential to integrate this technology with high-precision digital map data containing more precise and accurate roadway information, as compared to existing conventional map resources, to ensure the safety of self-driving operations. While existing map technologies may assist vehicles in identifying their locations via Global Positioning System, it is however difficult to update the environmental changes of roadways in these maps. Roadway vision algorithms can be useful for building autonomous vehicles that can avoid accidents and detect real-time location changes. We incorporate a hybrid architectural design that combines unsupervised classification of vision data with supervised joint fusion classification to achieve a better noise-resistant algorithm. We identify, via a deep learning approach, an intelligent hybrid fusion algorithm for fusing multimodal vision feature data for roadway classifications and characterize its improvement in accuracy over unsupervised identifications using image processing and supervised vision classifiers. We analyzed over 93,000 vision frame data collected from a test vehicle in real roadways. The performance indicators of the proposed hybrid fusion algorithm are successfully evaluated for the generation of roadway digital maps for autonomous vehicles, with a recall of 0.94, precision of 0.96, and accuracy of 0.92.