• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.224-239
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• 2023

C-ITS(Cooperative-Intelligent Transportation System)는 차량과 차량 또는 차량과 인프라 간의 양방향 무선통신 기술을 기반으로 전방의 교통상황 정보를 제공하는 이용자 안전중심의 기술 및 시스템을 의미한다. 2016년 대전-세종 시범사업을 시작으로 고속도로 및 지자체 실증사업을 통해 통신 인프라 구축, 단말기 보급, C-ITS 안전 서비스를 제공하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 광주광역시 C-ITS 실증사업을 통해 수집된 개별차량 데이터를 활용하여 경고 정보의 개별적인 효과를 검증하기 위한 방법론을 개발하였다. 효과분석은 크게 주행영향 분석과 환경분석으로 나뉘며 주행영향 분석을 위해 순응도 분석과 주행안전성 평가를 수행하였다. 추가로 C-ITS 실증사업 기간동안 수집되었던 PVD (Probe Vehicle Data)의 부족한 데이터 수집을 보완하고자 DTG (Digital Tacho Graph) 데이터를 추가 수집하여 효과분석에 활용하였다. 순응도 분석결과 충분한 유효샘플이 수집된 경고정보에 대해 운전자는 감속운행행태를 보였으며, Jerk와 가속 소음과 같은 주행안전성 지표를 산출하여 분석한 결과 경고정보 제공으로 인해 주행안전성이 개선되었다. 반면 감속운행행태로 C-ITS 구축 이후 배출가스 양은 소폭 증가한 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2004

The semi-active suspension system is getting widely adopted in passenger vehicles for its ability to improve ride comfort over the passive suspension system while not degrading driving safety. A key to the success is to develop practical controllers that yield performance enhancement over the passive damper under various driving conditions. To this end, several control strategies have been studied and evaluated in this research in consideration of practical aspects such as nonlinearity and dynamics of the damper. From simulation results. it has been observed that, with the proposed control schemes, ride comfort can be significantly upgraded while suppressing degradation of driving safety.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.38-42
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• 2016

Background: Truck driving is known as one of the occupations with the highest accident rate. This study investigates the characteristics of traffic collisions according to road types (expressway and rural road). Methods: Classifying 267 accidents into expressway and rural road, we analyzed them based on driver characteristics (age, working experience, size of employment), time characteristics (day of accident, time, weather), and accident characteristics (accident causes, accident locations, accident types, driving conditions). Results: When we compared the accidents by road conditions, no differences were found between the driver characteristics. However, from the accident characteristics, the injured person distributions were different by the road conditions. In particular, driving while drowsy is shown to be highly related with the accident characteristics. Conclusion: This study can be used as a guideline and a base line to develop a plan of action to prevent traffic accidents. It can also help to prepare formal regulations about a truck driver's vehicle maintenance and driving attitude for a precaution on road accidents.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.148-154
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• 2022

Background: Bus driving is a mentally demanding activity that requires prolonged attention to ensure safety. The aim of the study was to assess mental fatigue caused by driving a public bus and to find a profile of workers at higher risk. Methods: We evaluated changes of critical flicker fusion (CFF) (index of central arousal) and heart rate variability (HRV) (index of autonomic balance) in a 6-hour driving shift on a real route, in 31 professional bus drivers, and we tested the influence of personal factors such as sleep quality, BMI, and age. Paired t-test was used to test differences of CFF and HRV between both initial and final phase of driving, while multiple linear regression tested the influence of personal variables on the indexes of mental fatigue. Results: Results showed that CFF significantly decreased after 6 hours of bus driving (41.91 Hz, sd 3.31 vs. 41.15 Hz, sd 3.15; p = 0.041), and heart rate significantly decreased in the final phase of driving, with respect to the initial phase (85 vs. 78 bpm, p = 0.027). Increasing age (beta = -0.729, p = 0.022), risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (beta = -0.530, p = 0.04), and diurnal sleepiness (beta = -0.406, p = 0.017) showed a significant effect on influencing mental fatigue. Conclusion: Elderly drivers at higher risk of sleep disorders are more prone to mental fatigue, when exposed to driving activity. Monitoring indexes of central arousal and autonomic balance, coupled with the use of structured questionnaires can represent a useful strategy to detect profile of workers at higher risk of mental fatigue in such duty.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2023

The seating postures of passengers in the automated driving vehicle are possible in atypical forms such as rear-facing and lying down. It is necessary to improve devices such as airbags and seat belts to protect occupants from injury in accidents of the automated driving vehicle, and collision safety evaluation tests must be newly developed. The purpose of this study is to define representative types of head-on collision accidents to develop collision standards for autonomous vehicles that take into account changes in driving behavior and occupants' postures. 150 frontal collision cases remained by filtering (accident videos, images, AIS 2+, passenger car, etc…) and random sampling from approximately 320,000 accidents claimed by a major insurance company over the past 5 years. The most frequent accident type is a head-on collision between a vehicle going straight and a vehicle turning left from the opposite side, accounting for 54.7% of all accidents, and most of these accidents occur in permissive left turns. The next most common frontal collision is the center-lane violation by drowsy driving and careless driving, accounting for 21.3% of the total. For the two types above, data such as vehicle speed, contact point/area, and PDOF at the moment of impact are obtained through accident reconstruction using PC-Crash. As a result, two types of autonomous vehicle crash safety test scenarios are proposed: (1) a frontal oblique collision test based on the accident types between a straight vehicle and a left-turning vehicle, and (2) a small overlap collision test based on the head-on accidents of center-lane violation.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2007

본 연구는 운전자의 지각-운동기술과 안전지향동기와 같은 인지적 특성과 신체적 사회적인 위험을 무릅쓰게 하는 감각추구성향과 같은 인성적 특성, 자신이 지각하는 운전능력과 평상시의 운전행동이 법규위반횟수와 어떤 관계를 맺고 영향을 끼치는지를 밝히고자 하였다. 연구대상은 총 352명이며 연구방법으로는 감각추구성향 정도, 운전능력에 따른 운전행동에 대한 차이 검증을 위하여 다변량분석을 실시하고, 구조방정식모형을 통해 인구통계학적 특성(연령, 운전경력), 감각추구성향, 운전능력 운전행동, 법규위반횟수의 인과관계를 분석한다. 연구 결과 운전자가 지각-동작기술이 뛰어나면 다른 도로이용자를 배려하는 긍정적인 운전행동을 많이 하고 안전지향동기가 높을수록 고의적이든 실수로 인한 것이든 법규위반행동은 적게 하고 긍정적인 운전행동을 많이 하는 것으로 분석되었다. 그리고 지각-운동기술이 뛰어나고, 감각추구성향이 높으며 안전지향동기가 낮을수록 고의적인 법규위반행동을 많이 하고, 연령이 높을수록 타인을 배려하는 운전행동을 많이 하고 있었다. 운전능력이 우수하고 실수행동과 위반행동을 많이 하고 긍정적인 운전행동을 적게 하는 운전자가 법규위반횟수가 많은 것으로 나타났다. LISREL분석결과, 연구변인들 간 인과관계가 검증되었다(적합도 지수 : $x^2$=341.62(p=.00), GFI=.94, RMR=.10)

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2006년 학술대회 논문집 정보 및 제어부문
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• pp.336-338
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• 2006

Motorized retractors enhance the safety of passengers by removing the slack of webbing and by holding upright driving position. Reliability of a driving mechanism that includes one-way clutch between the driving motor and webbing is directly linked to the safety of passenger. In this research, conditions for locking one-way clutch and also conditions for sustaining locking are theoretically investigated. the operation of a motorized retractor under realistic conditions is simulated in order to validate the proposed retractor design.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.122-131
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• 2015

Recently, starting with the deep underground road construction plan in Seobu Expressway, Korea, there area many studies on deep underground roads to be newly built. However, there is an extreme lack of safety standards, which does not consider traffic conditions and road driving characteristics. Therefore, this study reviewed safety elements to reflect in the deep underground road planning by analyzing driving stability of longitudinal tunnels with road environments, which resemble deep underground roads. For comprehensive analysis, the characteristics and causes of the accidents that have occurred in seven longitudinal tunnels with a length of 2km or over in Gangwon area, were collected. Specifically, geometric structures and facilities of each tunnel were investigated. Also, the present state of facility installation and the changes in driving speed of vehicles passing through each tunnel were observed to analyze the causes for the traffic accidents in each tunnel and accident reduction alternatives. It was revealed that the most frequent accidents in the tunnels resulted from the changes of traffic flow due to the abrupt speed reduction of forward vehicles, or the failure in speed control of following vehicles during the traffic congestion situation. Moreover, installing facilities such as plane and longitudinal curves, median strips and marginal strips seem to induce consistent driving speed. These results mean that for accident prevention, speed management must be preceded and there is a need to develop and introduce safety facilities actively to control the driving flow of forward and following vehicles.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2022

자율주행차를 신뢰하고 이용하기 위해서는 도로에서의 안전한 주행이 보장되어야 한다. 이를 위해 최우선으로 갖추어야 할 자율주행 인프라는 교통안전시설이다. 한편 도로에서는 Level 3 수준의 자율주행차와 일반 자동차가 혼재하여 주행하고 있기 때문에 기존에 존재하고 있는 일반 교통안전시설의 관리도 추가로 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 자율주행 인프라 기반 교통안전시설 현장관리 체계를 연구하고, 이를 기반으로 실증지역(판교)를 선정하여(판교) 현장관리 시험시스템을 구현하였다. 시험시스템 구성은 GNSS(Global Navigation Satellite System) 수신기, 현장관리 단말기, 현장관리 App(Application) 등으로 구성하였으며, 현장 실증 결과 도심지에서도 손쉽게 교통안전시설 정보를 송수신하였고, 교통안전시설에 대하여 효율적으로 운영관리 할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 금번 연구결과는 향후 자율주행 인프라의 지자체 확산 및 인프라 구축에 참고자료로 활용될 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.221-239
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• 2022

자율주행차의 안전성을 실효성 있게 평가하기 위해서는 기하구조, 교통안전시설, 혼잡도, 기상 등 다양한 항목들이 평가 시나리오 내에 고려될 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자율주행차 평가 시나리오에 반영되어야 하는 구성요소들을 도출하기 위해 먼저 평가 시나리오의 체계를 수립한 후 반영될 구성요소를 계층별로 범주화하였다. 이후 계층별로 관련 문헌을 검토하여 자율주행차 평가에 영향을 줄 수 있는 모든 평가 구성요소 후보를 도출한 후, 전문가 설문조사 결과를 바탕으로 총 77개의 자율주행차 평가 시나리오 구성요소들을 선정하였다. 선정된 자율주행차 평가 구성요소들은 시뮬레이션 평가, 주행시험장 평가, 실도로 평가 등에서 자율주행차의 안전성 평가를 위한 시나리오 개발에 많이 활용될 것으로 기대된다.