• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.5D
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• pp.473-481
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• 2012

Demand of Natural Gas (NG) consumption is continuously increasing by long service life and low environmental impact than other fossil fuels. Because of this reasons, Gas wells exploration and huge LNG plant construction project are being boosted world-widely. Especially, overseas NG pipe-line projects are emerging by considering safe and efficiency at the inter-country sections. At the same time, Korean contractors are being achieved to record-breaking performance at 2011's overseas construction market and 80% of new-record was attained from overseas plant construction projects. Nevertheless, Korean contractors are behind than overseas leading contractors by geographical distance from gas wells and concentrated demand for storage plant. In these reasons, this paper aims to develop the standardized business process model(BPM) for overseas NG pipe-line project at project planning phase to support the project entry. To this aim, first of all, extract the BPM through the broad literature and overseas construction market review and domestic/overseas pipe-line project analysis. Second, Test-bed was performed to confirm of practical applicability by 4 experts. And then 15 experts survey were performed to validate the usability and effectiveness of BPM for overseas NG pipe-line project. Consequently, if Korean contractors are using this BPM with their own know-how and experiences, it will be returned to more reasonable and rational references for decision making in overseas NG pipe-line project.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.208-213
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• 2011

This paper analyzes potential interference effects of Ultra Wide Band(UWB) on Global Positioning System(GPS) which is providing safety service. For the interference analysis, positioning error method is used to determine the minimum protection distance to meet positioning error of 2.5 m below and Minimum Coupling Loss(MCL) method is used to determine the required protection ratio(I/N) from the protection distance of UWB transmitter and GPS receiver to meet positioning error of 2.5 m below. In a result, the minimum protection distance to meet positioning error of 2.5 m below was about 10 m and the protection ratio to meet positioning error 2.5 m below was -20 dB. The protection ratio proposed in this paper is the same value of the protection ratio of safety service proposed by ITU-R. The obtained protection ratio can be used for the protection standard of domestic GPS system for the safe of life service.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.3 s.81
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• pp.98-104
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• 2007

As the industrial society is highly developing, human need in daily life has also changed drastically. With the introduction of 40 hour working week system, more households enjoy picnics on weekends. More gas accidents take place on Saturdays and on Sundays than any other days of week. In this context, the Institute of Gas Technology Training in Korea Gas Safety Corporation carries out explosion experiment to make trainees to take all possible measure to ensure safe management of gas in the field by fully recognizing the hazards of gas explosion accidents. In this study, the influence of explosion over-pressure caused by the rupture of butane can thrown away after use was calculated by using the Hopkinson's Scaling Law and the accident damage was estimated by applying the influence on the adjacent people into the Probit model. The value of those away from 50 meters from the explosion site was 1.35kPa and the peak overpressure to thoes away from 25 meters directly was 3.2kPa. Those value was input to the PROBIT model, the estimation showed the sante result 0 percent of damage possibility.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2015

Although the development of mobile devices are made us a free life, they were displayed the subject of this financial crime and attacking forces in the other side. Among finance-related crime is become a serious crime that are targeting smartphones by SMS phishing, phishing, pharming, voice phishing etc. In particular, SMS phishing is increased according to phenomenon using the nature of a text message in the mobile. SMS phishing is become new crime due to the burden to the smartphone user. Their crime is also the advanced way from the existing fraud, such as making the malicious apps. Especially it generates loopholes in the law by a method such as using a foreign server. For safe from SMS phishing attacks, proactive pre-diagnosis is even more important rather than post responses. It is necessary to deploy blocking programs for detecting SMS phishing attacks in advance to do this. In this paper we are investigating the process of block types and block apps that are currently deployed and presenting the evaluation of the application of the detection block setting app.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.497-511
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• 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a school-centered healthy eating environment for children in elementary care classrooms and prevent incorrect eating habits and obesity through the development and application of standardized healthy eating habit-forming educational materials. Methods: Ten schools in eight districts of Gyeonggi-do and 400 students from 19 care classes were selected. Based on the developed educational materials, the program was applied to students once in two weeks. 'Notices for Parents' forms were also sent to the students' home to educate their parents. Pre and post-surveys were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the education. The pre-education, education, and aftercare were conducted from September 28 to September 31, 2016, from October 3 to November 30, 2016, and from December 5 to December 9, 2016, respectively. Results: The healthy eating program for elementary care classes was designed to develop a school-centered healthy eating environment and provide standardized educational material for healthy eating habits. Twelve educational topics were developed: , , , , , , , , , , , and . Moreover, the materials were produced in four forms: for students, for after school caring teachers, for external specialists, and for parents. The effectiveness evaluation was conducted to confirm the application of the program. The average eating habits score was 3.3 ± 0.6, with no significant difference between before and after application. The score of overall satisfaction of the education was 3.9 ± 0.9. The most satisfying content was 'Did you get to know how to eat evenly?'. Significant increases were observed in two contents for parents regarding their children's knowledge changes after the education: 'Five nutrients needed for growing children' and 'Knowing sugar foods and sugar-containing foods'. On the other hand, their educational satisfaction was 3.6 ± 0.6, which was lower than the children's satisfaction. This might be because their education was conducted only through the 'Notices for Parents' form. Conclusions: In the long term, the healthy eating habit-formation education for lower elementary school children is expected to be beneficial. To prevent obesity and establish healthy eating habits of children, it is important to develop healthy eating education programs centered on elementary school aftercare classes, including the development of educational materials and an application system through connection with the home and community.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2009

Liquefaction is a significant threat to structures on loose saturated sandy soil deposits in the event of an earthquake, and can often cause catastrophic damage, economic loss, and loss of life. Nevertheless, the Korean peninsula has for a long time been recognized as a safe region with respect to the hazard of liquefaction, as the peninsula is located in a moderate seismicity region, and there have been no reports of liquefaction, with the exception of references in some historical documents. However, some earthquakes that have recently occurred in different parts of the world have led to liquefaction in non-plastic silty soils, a soil type that can be found in many of the western coastal areas of Korea. In this study, we first present procedures for evaluating the liquefaction potential, and calculate the liquefaction potential index (LPI) distribution at two western coastal sites using both piezocone penetration test (CPTu) data and standard penetration test (SPT) data. The LPI is computed by integrating liquefaction potential over a depth of 20m, and provides an estimate of liquefaction-related surface damage. In addition, we compared the LPI values obtained from CPTu and SPT, respectively. Our research found that the CRR values from CPTu were lower than those from the SPT, particularly in the range between 40 and 120 for the corrected tip resistance, (qc1N)CS, from the CPTu, or in the range of CRR less than 0.23, resulting in relatively high LPI values. Moreover, it was observed that the differences in the CRR between the two methods were relatively higher for soils with high fine contents.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.180-192
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to survey basic data for management of elderly day care centers. In this study, occupation, leisure life, and food, clothing and habituation, as well as social relationship, health state and behavior, and general characteristics of subjects were examined to identify the factors affecting their cognition, need and preference of the day care centers. The subjects of this study were 392 elderly, aged 60 years or over, living in Gangnung and neighboring districts. Data were collected by educated interviewers from November 4 through November 22, 2002. The subjects were interviewed face to face, one for one after the interviewee's agreements on the survey. The collected data were analysed with logistic regression analysis by SAS (statistical analysis system). Logistic regression analysis was done to identify affecting factors for cognition, need and preference of the elderly day care centers. The major findings are as follows: 1. The factors affecting cognition for the day care centers were analysed. The subjects with an occupation and a lower satisfaction level of living environment and friendship, who were economically secure enough to manage a sudden accident, showed a higher level of cognition of the day care centers. The subjects with a higher level of mental health state and a lower level of IADL also showed a higher level of cognition. On the general characteristics younger female subjects showed a higher level of cognition. 2. The subjects with a lower level of perceived economic condition who did not own their housing and were not economically safe enough to manage a sudden accident, had showed a higher level of need for the day care centers. It showed that the subjects with a high level of mental health state, a bad eye sight and dental condition, a good perceived health condition, and a lower level of IADL, needed the centers. 3. The subjects who had an occupation, however, not capable of making their own daily expenses, and a low occupation satisfaction level, and who did not own their housing, and were economically poor not enough to manage a sudden accident, showed a higher preference for the day care centers. The subjects with higher levels of friendship satisfaction and perceived health condition, not living with their spouse, and a higher education level, showed a higher preference for the centers. In conclusion, the common factors affecting their cognition, need and preference of the day care centers were occupation, economic security enough to manage accidents, and friendship satisfaction level. Especially, the subjects who had an occupation, however, not economically secure enough to manage accidents, and who did not live in their own housing with a good perceived health condition, showed high levels of need and preference for the day care centers. These results can be used as basic data to develop the efficient elderly day care centers, thus contribute to the elderly welfare in a local community.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.127-143
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop the clothing safety teaching/learning plan in Home Economics based on the health belief model and to examine the effects of the course using the developed teaching/learning plan on the health belief. Based on ADDIE model, 6 clothing safety teaching/learning plans were developed by applying the health belief model. They consisted of three learning factors of 'harmful substances that can be exposed during the production, wear, wash, and storage of clothes and textile products', 'environment friendly fibers' and 'natural detergents'. Then they were implemented on 7 classes in middle school located in Gyeonggi-do Province from August 20 to September 7 in 2018. The health beliefs data collected before and after the course were analyzed with paired t-test with SPSS/win. As a result, the perceived threat(combination of perceived severity and perceived susceptibility), the perceived benefit, and the self-efficacy were significantly improved. And the perceived barrier was significantly reduced. In conclusion, the home economics clothing safety education course using the health belief model was meaningful as the safety education to enable middle school students to practice safe clothing life from harmful substances. The results of this study are expected to be helpful for activating safety education in home economics.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.127-133
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to confirm the effect of natural tooth whitening using fruits that can be easily accessed in real life by increasing interest in tooth whitening in modern society. Twenty premolar teeth were divided into five groups (n=4). Strawberry (A), lemon (B), banana skin (C), baking soda (D) and whitening toothpaste (E) were treated with a toothbrush on the enamel surface. The tooth surface was treated with a toothbrush at the same time for 3 minutes for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, then washed with sterile distilled water, and stored in saline solution. This procedure was repeated for 4 weeks, and the color change of teeth was observed at intervals of one week. After 4 weeks, there was a significant difference in tooth color change after 3 weeks(p<0.05). Among them, strawberry and lemon showed higer effects to whitening toothpaste. It is believed that strawberries and lemons have a higher whitening effect than whitening toothpaste. Whitening toothpaste may be replaced with a safe natural whitening effect using strawberries and lemons instead of chemical ingredients that may be harmful to human body.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 1995

A rainfall runoff model described in this paper which is based on Basin- wide Ecological Model(BAWEM) calculates the fate of afro-chemicals in a watershed located of golf links. The rainfall runoff coefficients of afro-chemicals, which are the dominant parameters to predict the movement of agro-chemicals from soil and turfgrass to downstream water, are estimated. Also, the model is used to estimate the level of health risks the residents around golf links are exposed to. The fidelity of rainfall runoff model of afro-chemicals was validated by the observed data obtained during rainy period. The calculated results from this model were found to be in the same order of that of the observed. The rainfall runoff coefficients of four agro-chemicals used in golf links were 5.4$\times$$10^{-3}$, 1.9$\times$$10^{-3}$, 3.0$\times$$10^{-4}$ and 4.4$\times$$10^{-3}$ for flutolanil, isoprothiolane, chlorpyrifos and simazine, respectively The health risk level to the residents around golf links is evaluated to be rather low:the ratio of estimated dose through drinking water to the 10% of ADI(Acceptable Daily Intake) value or VSD for 10-a life time risk varied in the range of 0.005~0.04 and 0.003~0.11, respectively, for both the annual mean and maximum monthly mean cases.