• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.124-128
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• 2009

Purpose: The authors intended to analyze the operative results of mild to moderate hallux valgus treated with distal chevron metatarsal osteotomy. Materials and Methods: Twenty six feet of twenty three patients were followed for more than 1 year after the distal chevron metatarsal osteotomy. Biplanar osteotomy with wedge resection was done when the distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) was increased. The mean age was 39 years, and the mean follow up period was 27 months. Clinically preoperative and postoperative AOFAS hallux MP-IP scale and satisfaction after the surgery were analyzed. Radiologically hallux valgus angle, the 1st intermetatarsal angle, DMAA and sesamoid position before and after the operation were analyzed. Results: Distal chevron osteotomy was done in 15 cases and biplanar osteotomy was done in 11 cases. Clinically AOFAS scale was increased from 65.3 points preoperatively to 92.2 points postoperatively. Two patients were not satisfied with the results. Radiologically hallux valgus angle was decreased from $21.9^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $8.5^{\circ}$ postoperatively. The first intermetatarsal angle was decreased from $11.8^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $6.7^{\circ}$ postoperatively. DMAA was decreased from $11.8^{\circ}$ preoperatively to $5.5^{\circ}$ postoperatively. There was one case of minor wound infection. Conclusion: Distal chevron metatarsal osteotomy appears to be safe and satisfactory procedure for mild to moderate hallux valgus.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.06a
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• pp.15-16
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• 2014

As trade cross the world is increasing these days, safe and effective management of harbour system is becoming important issue. With this background, the development of automatic time-domain simulation programme for ship berthing operation has been being peformed and PD (Proportional Derivative) controller has been used to control the speed and the heading angle of ships. This paper provides feasibility study for developing the time-domain simulation programme for berthing operation of ships with analysing advantages and drawbacks of the two different mathematical models, one is for low advance speed of ships by Kose (1984) and the other is MMG model for normal advance speed, through the simulations with various initial heading angles and positions of the ship.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.34
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• pp.109-131
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• 2007

This paper has focusing CheongHaeJin's maritime trading activities between Korea, China and Japan in the 9th century. In operation of CheongHaeJin which Chang BoGo was given a key role, CheongHaeJin creates three nation's wealth in triangular trade among Korea, China and Japan. And also, CheongHaeJin's contribution is considerable to the maritime trade development of Northeast Asia through establishing trading advance base in China and Japan, and organizing Shilla's people in China. Chang BoGo justified the control over small business groups of the west and south sea of Korea and the east and south sea of China by keeping pirates away His trade groups controlled foreign trade of three countries: Shilla, the Dang Dynasty of China and Japan. They connected Persia, India, Southeast Asia, and China. CheongHaeJin's key success factors of the maritime activities are summarized as follows; There is a possibility of searching that successful factor from the people of operator of CheongHaeJin. Based on oceanic adventurous spirit with character and progressive thinking could complete the rally of sea influence and composition of fleets. Secondly, the success factor is the excellent operational ability and leadership which learned in the Dang Dynasty of China. Thirdly, In 9th century, International political context was suitable for CheongHaeJin's construction and operation. Such political circumstances had given to CheongHaeJin remunerative position. Finally, Although central government could not maintain the sea traffic securities, Chang BoGo's ocean trading fleets guaranteed the safe fishing industry of people and security of sea traffic.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.491-499
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• 2011

Starting with maritime DGPS base stations of Palmido, Ochongdo which have been operated since 1999, truly our nation has become the most powerful country possessed with total of 17 DGNSS base stations in the field of DGNSS operation infrastructure. This paper examines into the country's DGNSS services as measuring the service range of the maritime DGPS base stations in the domestic ferry lines which sections are from Jeju to Incheon, from Busan to Jeju, from Jeju to Nokdong, the propagation characteristics of the radio waves of 300 kHz bands on sea and land path. As a result of identifying the service range of the DGPS in the sea routes of the southern sea and the western sea, the measured results of the DGPS signals are confirmed more than 100 NM(recommended service range). It can be possible to practical use the position information, which is safe navigation and various marine traffic management systems. It will be useful an expansion of maritime DGPS reference station in the near future.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.336-346
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• 2013

Intrathecal drug delivery is an effective and safe option for the treatment of chronic pathology refractory to conventional pain therapies. Typical intrathecal administered drugs are opioids, baclofen, local anesthetics and adjuvant medications. Although knowledge about mechanisms of action of intrathecal drugs are every day more clear many doubt remain respect the correct location of intrathecal catheter in order to achieve the best therapeutic result. We analyze the factors that can affect drug distribution within the cerebrospinal fluid. Three categories of variables were identified: drug features, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) dynamics and patients features. First category includes physicochemical properties and pharmacological features of intrathecal administered drugs with special attention to drug lipophilicity. In the second category, the variables in CSF flow, are considered that can modify the drug distribution within the CSF with special attention to the new theories of liquoral circulation. Last category try to explain inter-individual difference in baclofen response with difference that are specific for each patients such as the anatomical area to treat, patient posture or reaction to inflammatory stimulus. We conclude that a comprehensive evaluation of the patients, including imaging techniques to study the anatomy and physiology of intrathecal environment and CSF dynamics, could become essential in the future to the purpose of optimize the clinical outcome of intrathecal therapy.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.2942-2950
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• 2010

Car black box helps to investigate the cause of accident by recording time, position and videos as well as shock information. In addition, the car black box need a function to support safe driving for preventing accident. The representative driving support function is a lane departure warning. In order to implement the function, it is necessary to carry out the image processing to detect the lane first. The image processing algorithm requires computational burden to handle so much data and complicated structure of algorithm. This paper describes the efficient image processing algorithm with relatively low amount of computation for car black box embedded platform to detect lanes from the real-time lane image.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.4006-4011
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• 2013

Reverse parking guidance system help driver's safe reverse parking with display of the expected reverse path of the car on portable navigation device or rear-view camera display. In this paper, we suggest a reverse path prediction method of vehicle which reflect the differences in steering angle according to various types of vehicles and calibrate easily the distance error according to the property and the installation position of rear-view camera and we developed reverse parking guidance system with the our reverse path prediction method. This system can be applied to various types of vehicles, a variety of characteristics and installation of rear-view camera and navigation support systems, or portable devices are compatible and easily detachable, can be configured easily.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.21-32
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• 2002

In accordance with the development plans of Ulsan harbor, Ulsan new harbor will be contructed considering supporting Ulsan harbor as a safe berthing and departure at single buoy mooring(SBM). In this study, we used a full-mission ship handling simulator adopting 300,000 DWT VLCC manoeuvered at the planned Ulsan SBM. Five masters who have had a long experience of ship maneuvering were called to carry out the simulations, of which each scenario were tried one, completed total of 68 times. The marine traffic safety was assessed in terms of 1) the closest point of approach(CPA) to other SBM and breakwater in the vicinity and the probability of crossing the restricted area of the closest SBM and fairway limit, 2) subjective evaluation such as the mental burden and the maneuvering difficulty of shiphanders, and 3) the opinions of shiphandlers. From the result of this simulation, we have a conclusion as follows; First, because crude oil berthing angle is so small by current S-OiL Co. crude oil buoy by SK Co. No 3 crude oil buoy different view SK Co. No 3 crude oil buoy and interference of current KNOC crude oil buoy, Berthing is impossible, and Emergency departing is very dangerous too operation impossible. Second it is desirable that SK Co. No 2 and No 3 Single buoy Mooring that do different view controls position so that to be not put in straight line each other. Third, SK Co. No 1 and 2 single buoy mooring that do different view to Onsanhang berthing and departing is seized by single buoy mooring by external force ship that set sail does faith control need.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.59-65
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• 2005

Ubiquitous computing environment has a lot of different things as for applying existing security technical. It needs authentication method which is different kinks of confidence level or which satisfies for privacy of user's position. Using range localizes appoint workstation or it uses assumption which is satify environment of client in Kerberos authentication method which is representation of existing authentication method but it needs new security mechanism because it is difficult to offer the condition in ubiquitous computing environment. This paper want to prove the result which is authentication method for user authentication and offering security which are using wireless certificate from experiment in ubiquitous environment. Then I propose method which is offering security and authentication in ubiquitous environment.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.41-56
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• 2019

Recently great loss of life and property is occurring because of fire, natural disaster, earth quake, tsunami and so on. People spend 80~90% of their time indoor environment like office, supermarket, campus. Therefore Indoor navigation and guidelines system became so essential for most of all. Incase of emergency we must be careful earlier, in such a cases 5G kind of new technology may also cannot work. So immediate action and quick routing notification for guidelines and protection is the most. Considering this issue We proposed indoor evacuating guidance system based on microcontroller Wi-Fi board for Indoor APP using mobile. Focusing various kind of technology like, ok google, voice search APP we purposed node architecture based system. When we listen fire alarm while living inside the room. Then to be safe we connect with server and start Arduino UNO+IoT ESP8266 Wi-Fi shield version1-IoT module to store data in MySQL DB server. We make application to escape out from the building up-to the three exits giving information from source point to destination. Our program can send information to the users emergency location and situations. For this when the user get sound or vibration in their mobile device it indicate fire out near by. At that time we update message from Arduino to DB server for the fixed current position inside the building which give routing signal for that fire out location by changing values from 0 to 1. We have user in point 10 where user is near by. Later we detect Wi-Fi signal form Nodemcu as room of each floor and try to connect with user. Main purpose of this paper is to save life of people in short time and find out the shortest path up to nearest exits in the time of emergencies and rescue them.