• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.617-624
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• 2018

The purposes of this study are to propose architectural design and evacuation management guidelines for child care center with disabilities. To achieve these purposes, the questionnaire has carried out for director who manage child care center and analyzed the architectural characteristics of child care center for children with disabilities. The results of this study are as follows : (1) 65.3% directors think that less than 30% of children with disabilities in child care center can evacuate by oneself, and 73.2% of child care centers have difficulties for safe evacuation because of more than 50% of children with complex disabilities. (2) The moving or visual impaired children who live more than 2nd floors are need safe refuge areas for waiting in child care centers. (3) The child care centers for children with disabilities which were renovated from housing and multi-family housing have difficulties in vertical evacuating, and needs renovating for promotion of convenience and evacuation of children with disabilities.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.84-90
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• 2019

In this study, a fire and evacuation inside an electronic equipment room in environmental energy facilities were conducted and evaluated using a numerical analysis method. In the fire simulation, the visual distance, temperature distribution, and CO concentration distribution were analyzed using FDS. Based on the results, the Pathfinder program, which is an evacuation simulation, was used to calculate the evacuation time of the occupants and derive an evacuation safety evaluation. As a result, the Available safe Egress time (ASET) of P-01 and P-05 was 203.3 and 398.6 s, respectively. For the Required safety Egress time (RSET) results, all evacuees were evacuated at all points and the safety of the evacuee was secured this simulation showed that the safety evaluation is based on the non - operation of the fire - fighting equipment to improve the safety, making it possible to secure better evacuation safety performance owing to the fire of other fire - fighting facilities.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.315-322
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• 2021

This study analyzes the Required Safe Egress Time (RSET), in the event of a fire at a welfare center for the disabled, using the emergency passage according to the floor arrangement of users to evaluate the safety and the difference in RSET for each emergency passage using the Pathfinder simulation program to suggest an efficient evacuation method. As a result of RSET, it was found that there is no problem in evacuation safety for the current state of the facility's personnel allocation by satisfying the standard RSET in case of fire, and evacuation can be completed safely by evacuating through stairs rather than using elevators if possible. It is necessary for employees to be provided sufficient education and training in advance so that they can evacuate effectively with the disabled in case of fire. This study gives significance in saving many precious lives and safely evacuate in case of fire as evacuation routes were secured through the design, construction and operation of facilities for the disabled and the RSET was shortened through regular evacuation practices. It is necessary to discuss the further RSET studies based on the automatic fire shutters open or not when a fire occurs at a specific location following the installation of automatic fire shutter at the entrance of each floor of the facilities.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.237-246
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• 2024

In recent years, the frequent occurrence of fire accidents in university libraries has posed significant threats to the safety of students' lives and property, alongside negative social impacts. Accurately analyzing the factors affecting evacuation during library fires and proposing optimized measures for safe evacuation is thus crucial. This paper utilizes a specific university library as a case study, simulating fire evacuation scenarios using the Pathfinder software, to assess and validate evacuation strategies and propose relevant optimizations. Pathfinder, developed by Thunderhead Engineering in the United States, is an intuitive and straightforward personnel emergency evacuation assessment system, offering advanced visualization interfaces and 3D animation effects. This study aims to construct evacuation models and perform simulation analysis for the selected university library using Pathfinder. The library's structural layout, people flow characteristics, and the nature of fire and smoke spread are considered in the analysis. Additionally, evacuation scenarios involving different fire outbreak locations and the status of emergency exits are examined. The findings underscore the importance of effective evacuation in fire situations, highlighting how environmental conditions, individual characteristics, and behavioral patterns significantly influence evacuation efficiency. Through these investigations, the study enhances understanding and optimization of evacuation strategies in fire scenarios, thereby improving safety and efficiency. The research not only provides concrete and practical guidelines for building design, management, and emergency response planning in libraries but also offers valuable insights for the design and management of effective evacuation systems in buildings, crucial for ensuring occupant safety and minimizing loss of life in potential hazard situations

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2022

Human casualties from fires are increasing worldwide. The majority of human deaths occur during the evacuation process, as occupants panic and are unaware of the location of the fire and evacuation routes. Using an Internet of Things (IoT) sensor and reinforcement learning, we propose a method to find the safest evacuation route by considering the fire location, flame speed, occupant position, and walking conditions. The first step is detecting the fire with IoT-based devices. The second step is identifying the occupant's position via a beacon connected to the occupant's mobile phone. In the third step, the collected information, flame speed, and walking conditions are input into the reinforcement learning model to derive the optimal evacuation route. This study makes it possible to provide the safest evacuation route for individual occupants in real time. This study is expected to reduce human casualties caused by fires.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.227-236
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• 2024

Chinese high-rise hotels are large in size, densely populated, and have a lot of combustibles. Once a fire occurs, the fire and smoke spread rapidly, and once a fire accident occurs, it is easy to cause a large number of deaths. Fires have a greater impact on special populations such as elderly and children who move slowly. At present, research mainly focuses on the impact of high-rise building structures on evacuation consequences, but there is very little research on the safety evacuation consequences of elderly people and children in high-rise hotels. This paper focuses on the elderly and children living in high-rise hotels in China. We studied three scenarios in which the elderly and children were placed on high floors, middle floors, and low floors. For the above three scenarios, use pathfinder software for simulation, According to the simulation results, when the elderly and children are mainly concentrated in the lower floors (2nd and 3rd floors), the evacuation time is the shortest, 147 seconds. The evacuation time for the elderly and children on the middle floor (6th and 7th floors) is the longest, at 191.5 seconds. Compared to being placed on high floors, safely staying on low floors for all ages reduces evacuation time by 44.5 seconds and improves evacuation efficiency by 23.24%. The final safety evacuation plan is that in daily safety management, hotels should arrange elderly and children occupants on lower floors as much as possible to reduce the total evacuation time and improve personnel evacuation efficiency. This has great guiding significance in the safety management of high-rise hotels.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2015

As building height is increased, more careful decisions about the required safe egress time is needed for evacuation. This study analyzed the influence of three training sessions on the vertical speed of evacuation in the high rise building. Evacuation experiments were done in a high-rise office building in Seoul, and we analyzed the vertical evacuation speed as a function of density using a camera. Controlled and uncontrolled total evacuation were compared using the Pathfinder simulation. The process of repeated training, changed the specific stair utilization rate from 6.3% to 39.5%. The vertical evacuation speed as a function of density was analyzed using the equation s = 1.004 ? 0.288D, which is very similar to the equation used in a different study. The total evacuation time of the special controlled total evacuation was reduced by about 25% compared to the simultaneous evacuation.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1358-1364
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• 2016

Maritime accidents caused by a ship include collisions, sinking, stranding and fire etc. This study is intending to consider fire accidents among such diverse marine accidents. It is much likely that various sorts of fires break out because crewmen are living in a narrow space for long periods of time consequent on the ship's characteristic of sailing on the sea. According to the ship fire survey, about 50% of the total fire accidents occurred at an engine room, and the main fire origin was analyzed to be oil. In addition, ship fire breaks out in the order of baggage racks and living quarter. In short, the survey indicates that all sorts of fires belonging to A, B, C and D-class have occurred. This study, targeting an actual passenger ship 'A', found the response time to evacuation, during which the people on board a ship recognize the outbreak of fire, and act, and the travel time for evacuation which is the actual travel time. In addition, this study carried out a simulation through the special program for fire analysis - FDS (Fire Dynamics Simulator) in order to find the effective evacuation time, i.e. life survival time. Particularly, this study did comparative analysis of the influence on the survival of passengers and crew based on the collected simulation data by fire size and sort. As a result of the analysis, it was found that when examining the only actual evacuation movement time excepting the response time to evacuation, people are safe by completing evacuation before the effective evacuation time only in case fire size is 100Kw among all sorts of fires. In other words, in case of the outbreak of fire more than 1 MW, it was found to fail to meet evacuation safety regardless of fire size.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.287-292
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• 2008

In this study, the evacuation training were performed in a high school building in Cheong-Ju and compared with the simulation program (Simulex). Also numerical analysis of room fire in school building was conducted by fire model (FDS, CFAST) and evaluated the available safe egress time for the safety assessment. As a result, the 8% of total egress persons were failed to escape at evacuation training and 40% of total egress persons were failed to escape at Simutex simulation. Simutex program was not reflected the real escape conditions, such as evacuation route, refuge place, etc.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.641-651
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• 2015

This study intends to develop an evacuation simulation system based on BIM in a real-time manner. The proposed system, an add-on module for Revit Architecture and one of the most popular BIM authoring tools, supports the architectural design as well as real-time evacuation simulation of the design alternatives. This paper introduces the developed system, named SafeBIM, and the design process on which it is based. To evaluate the possibilities of the proposed system in the educational field of architectural design, this study included a feasibility test with college students in an architectural design studio.