• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.370-379
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• 2000

Autonomic responses were analyzed in 323 college students exposed to visual stimulation with Korean Affective Picture System (KAPS). Cardiac, vascular and electrodermal variables were recorded during 30 sec of viewing affective pictures. The same slides intended to elicit basic emotions (fear, anger, surprise, disgust, sadness, happiness) were presented to subjects in 2 trials with different experimental context. The first time slides were shown without any instructions (passive viewing), while during the second with instruction to exert efforts to magnify experienced emotion induced by pictures (active viewing). The aim of the study was to differentiate autonomic manifestations of emotions elicited by KAPS stimulation and to identify the role of instructed emotional engagement on physiological response profiles. The obtained results demonstrated reproducibility of responses in both trials with different contexts. Pairwise comparison of physiological responses in emotion conditions revealed the most pronounced differentiation for "ear-anger" and "fear-sadness" pairs (in electrodermal and HR variability parameters). "Fear-surprise" pair was also well differentiable. The typical response profile for all emotions included HR acceleration (except happiness and surprise), an increase of electrodermal activity, and a decrease of pulse volume. Higher cardiovascular and electrodermal reactivity to fear observed in this study, e.g., as compared to data with IAPS as stimuli, can be explained by cultural relevance and higher effectiveness of KAPS as stimuli, can be explained by cultural relevance and higher effectiveness of KAPS in producing certain emotions such as fear in Koreans.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.290-300
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• 2000

One of the most important topics in attentional and emotional modulation of cardiac responses is time course of cardiac chronotropic response. The reason lies in dual innervation of heart, which leads to occurrence of several phases of cardiac response during exposure to affective stimuli, determined by the balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic influences. Cardiac chronotropic reactivity thus represents quite effective measure capable to trace the moment when attending and orienting processes (i.e., sensory intake of stimulus) prime relevant behavioral response (ile., emotion with approach or avoidance tendencies). The aim of this study was to find the time course of heart rate (HR) responses typical for negative (disgust, surprise, fear, anger) and positive (happiness, pleasant erotic) affective pictures and to identify cardiac response dissociation for emotions with different action tendencies such as "approach" (surprise, anger, happiness) and "avoidance" (fear, sadness, disgust). Forty college students participated in this study where cardiac responses to slides from IAPS intended to evoke basic emotions (surprise, fear, anger, sadness, disgust, happiness, pleasant-erotic). Inter-beat intervals of HR were analyzed on every 10 sec basis during 60 sec long exposure to affective visual stimuli. Obtained results demonstrated that differentiation was observed at the very first 10s of exposure (anger-fear, surprise-sad, surprise-erotic, surprise-happiness paris), reaching the peak of dissociation at 30s (same pairs plus surprise-disgust and surprise-fear) and was still effective for some pairs (surprise-erotic, surprise-sad) even at 50s and 60s. discussed are potential cardiac autonomic mechanisms underlying attention and emotion processes evoked by affective stimulation and theoretical considerations implicated to understand the role of differential cardiac reactivity in the behavioral context (e.g., approach-avoidance tendencies, orienting-defense responses).

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.3E
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• pp.85-90
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• 2004

This paper presents two kinds of new approaches, one of which is concerned with recognition of emotional speech such as anger, happiness, normal, sadness, or surprise. The other is concerned with emotion recognition in speech. For the proposed speech recognition system handling human speech with emotional states, total nine kinds of prosodic features were first extracted and then given to prosodic identifier. In evaluation, the recognition results on emotional speech showed that the rates using proposed method increased more greatly than the existing speech recognizer. For recognition of emotion, on the other hands, four kinds of prosodic parameters such as pitch, energy, and their derivatives were proposed, that were then trained by discrete duration continuous hidden Markov models(DDCHMM) for recognition. In this approach, the emotional models were adapted by specific speaker's speech, using maximum a posteriori(MAP) estimation. In evaluation, the recognition results on emotional states showed that the rates on the vocal emotions gradually increased with an increase of adaptation sample number.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.372-399
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• 2024

Online reviews play a significant role in consumer purchase decisions on e-commerce platforms. To address information overload in the context of online reviews, factors that drive review helpfulness have received considerable attention from scholars and practitioners. The purpose of this study is to explore the differential effects of discrete emotions (anger, disgust, fear, joy, sadness, and surprise) on perceived review helpfulness, drawing on cognitive appraisal theory of emotion and expectation-confirmation theory. Emotions embedded in 56,157 hotel reviews collected from TripAdvisor.com were extracted based on a transfer learning model to measure emotion variables as an alternative to dictionary-based methods adopted in previous research. We found that anger and fear have positive impacts on review helpfulness, while disgust and joy exert negative impacts. Moreover, hotel star-classification significantly moderates the relationships between several emotions (disgust, fear, and joy) and perceived review helpfulness. Our results extend the understanding of review assessment and have managerial implications for hotel managers and e-commerce vendors.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.23-27
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• 2010

This paper performs emotion classification test to find out the best parameter of electroencyphalogram(EEG) signal. Linear predictor coefficients, band cross-correlation coefficients of fast Fourier transform(FFT) and autoregressive model spectra are used as the parameters of 10-channel EEG signal. A multi-layer neural network is used as the pattern classifier. Four emotions for relaxation, joy, sadness, irritation are induced by four university students of an acting circle. Electrode positions are Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, T3, T4, P3, P4, O1, O2. As a result, the Linear predictor coefficients showed the best performance.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.657-665
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• 2024

The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the intricate relationships between cognitive control, depression, and emotion regulation. Cognitive control, encompassing processes such as attentional control, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility, plays a central role in regulating thoughts, behaviors, and emotions in alignment with internal goals and external demands. Depression, characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and cognitive impairments, is associated with deficits in cognitive control processes. Emotion regulation strategies, such as cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, enable individuals to modulate emotional experiences and responses. The bidirectional relationships between cognitive control, depression, and emotion regulation underscore the complexity of cognitive and emotional processes in depression. Understanding these relationships is crucial for developing targeted interventions aimed at promoting cognitive and emotional well-being and preventing depression onset and recurrence. Moreover, recognizing the roles of cognitive control and emotion regulation in depression holds promise for informing clinical practice and enhancing therapeutic interventions. This review highlights the importance of considering cognitive control and emotion regulation in the assessment and treatment of depression and provides insights for future research and clinical practice.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.15-25
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• 2000

Cardiac, respiratory, electrodermal and frontal (F3, F4) EEG responses were analyzed and compared during to slides of International Affective Picture System (IAPS) in the study on 42 students. Physiological responses during 20s of exposure to slides intended to elicit happiness (nurturant and erotic), sadness, disgust, surprise, fear or anger emotions were quite similar and were expressed in heart rate (HR) deceleration, decreased HR variability (HRV), specific SCR, increased non-specific SCR frequency (N-SCR), and EEG changes exhibited in theta increase, alpha-blocking and increased beta activity, and frontal asymmetry. However, some emotions demonstrated variations of the response magnitudes, enabling to differentiate some paris of emotions by several physiological parameters. The profiles showed higher magnitudes of HRV and EEG responses in exciting (i.e., erotic) and higher cardiac and respiratory responses in surprise. The most different pairs were exciting-surprise (by HR, HRV, theta, and alpha asymmetry), exciting-sadness (by theta, alpha, and alpha asymmetry), and exciting-fear (by HRV, theta, F3 alpha, and alpha asymmetry). Nurturant happiness yielded the least differentiation. Differences were found as well within negative emotions, e.g., anger-sadness were differentiated by HRV and theta asymmetry, while disgust-fear by N-SCR and beta asymmetry. Obtained results suggest that magnitudes of profiles of physiological variables differentiate emotions evoked by affective pictures, despite that the patterns of most responses were featured by qualitative similarity in given passive viewing context.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.70-80
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• 2013

The purpose of this study has placed its meaning in the use as the basic material for the research of the person's facial expressions, by researching and analyzing the visual reactions of recognition of children according to the facial expressions of emotion and by surveying the verbal reactions of boys and girls according to the individual expressions of emotion. The subjects of this study were 108 children at the age of 6 - 8 (55 males, 53 females) who were able to understand the presented research tool, and the response survey conducted twice were used in the method of data collection by individual interviews and self administered questionnaires. The research tool using in the questionnaires were classified into 6 types of joy, sadness, anger, surprise, disgust, and fear which could derive the specific and accurate responses. Regarding children's visual reactions of recognition, both of boys and girls showed the high frequency in the facial expressions of joy, sadness, anger, surprise, and the low frequency in fear, disgust. Regarding verbal reactions, it showed the high frequency in the heuristic responses either to explore or the responds to the impressive parts reminiscent to the facial appearances in all the joy, sadness, anger, surprise, disgust, fear. And it came out that the imaginary responses created new stories reminiscent to the facial expression in surprise, disgust, and fear.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.113-120
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• 2016

People use social media platforms such as Twitter to leave traces of their personal thoughts and opinions. In other words, social media platforms retain the emotions of the people as it is, and accurately understanding the emotions of the people through social media will be used as a significant index for disaster management. In this research, emotion type modeling method and emotional quotient quantification method will be proposed to understand the emotions present in social media platforms. Emotion types are primarily analyzed based on 3 major emotions of affirmation, caution, and observation. Then, in order to understand the public's emotional progress according to the progress of disaster or accident and government response in detail, negative emotions are broken down into anxiety, seriousness, sadness, and complaint to enhance the analysis. Ultimately, positive emotions are further broken down into 3 more emotions, and Russell emotion model was used as a reference to develop a model of 8 primary emotions in order to acquire an overall understanding of the public's emotions. Then, the emotional quotient of each emotion was quantified. Based on the results, overall emotional status of the public is monitored, and in the event of a disaster, the public's emotional fluctuation rate could be quantitatively observed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.224-227
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• 1997

The International Affective Picture System (IAPS) developed by Lang and colleagues[1] is a world-widely adopted tool in studices relating a variety of physiological indices to subjective emotions induced by the presentation of standardized pictures of which subjective ratings are well established in the three dimensions of pleasure, arousal and dominance. In the present stuey we investigated whether distinctive EEG characteristics for six discrete emotions can be discernible using 12 IAPS pictures that scored highest subjective ratings for one of the 6 categorical emotions, i. e., happiness, sadness, fear, anger, disgust, and surprise (Two slides for each emotion). These pictures as visual stimuli were randomly given to 38 right-handed college students (20-26 years old) with 30 sec of exposure time and 30sec of inter-stimulus interval for each picture while EEG signals were recorded from F3, F4, O1, and O2 referenced to linked ears. The FFT technoque were used to analyze the acquired EEG data. There were significant differences in RP value changes of EEG bands, most prominent in theta, between positive positive and negative emotions, and partial also among negative emotions. This result is in agreement with previous studies[2, 3]. However, it requires further studied to decided whether IAPS could be a useful tool for catigorical approaches to emotion in addition to its traditional uwe, namely dimensional to emotion.