• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.33-37
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• 2009

Objectives : The authors performed this study to further understand Saam acupuncture method in an aspect of formation process. Methods : We were finding Saam's idea in a preface of the book. And we analyzed Saam acupuncture patterns to understand their formation. Results & Conclusion : We assume that Saam acupuncture patterns has formed over time. We were able to split their patters into three phases. That is Primitive-phase, Basic-phase and Practical-phase. We think they are traces of Formation Process. In the first, Saam found DongHaeng-acupoints that have in common Five Element between the five viscera and acupoint. And then, he compounded other meridian's DongHeng-acupoints to control self meridian. Finally acupoints of self meridian were added.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.537-553
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• 2012

Objectives : Ever Since it was made in the middle of 17th century by Saamdoin, Saam acupuncture method has been handed down to acupuncturists as a written form, playing a huge role in using for treating diseases of people in Korea. Saam acupuncture method development of any process, and have been propagated in a foreign country to study. Methods : Analysis of ancient medical books, we studied the evolution of Saam acupuncture method. And we looked abroad Saam acupuncture method have been propagated abroad by examining how. Results : At the end of Joseon Dynasty, lots of clinical cases were added to Saam acupuncture method and as a result, it helped acupuncturists understand how it really worked. During the Japanese colonial era, it was introduced to more people thanks to the development of a printing technique. After Korea's liberation from Japan, many scholars have studied Saam's acupuncture method, and they also have applied it to clinical cases in various ways. Conclusions : With its superiority and creativeness, Saam acupuncture method spread to Japanese acupuncturists in the name of Meridian Therapy during the Japanese colonial era. It had a great impact on medicine in China and many other countries, as well.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.183-195
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• 2018

Objectives: To investigate validity and effectiveness of Saam five element acupuncture treatment in psychological problems. Methods: We selected a Korean medicine doctor known to apply Saam five element acupuncture treatment to the psychiatry field. An investigator visited the doctor's clinic to observe the cases and interview patients. Duration of each interview was 30 minutes to one hour. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for in-depth interviews. All interviews were recorded and converted into texts. Converted texts were then summarized and analyzed qualitatively. Results and Discussion: Treatment process of Saam five element acupuncture designed for psychiatric use is divided into four stages: qi transformation (氣化), acupuncture treatment, deep breathing, and acupressure. In the first stage, patients are asked to express their feelings and emotions in a physical sense; to imagine their feelings have colors, weight, and physical form, and to describe those characteristics. Next, the doctor evaluates each patient's qi according to the six qi (六氣), and then determines protocol of Saam five element acupuncture treatment. This treatment is focused on suffering of the patient and specific symptoms or emotions. The treatment duration is brief and changes in symptoms are frequently checked during treatment sessions. Without discussing details of stressful events, the doctor enables patients to express physical aspects of their feelings. He also provides them with psychoeducational resources. As a result, patients experienced immediate changes in body sensation, emotions and thinking, decreased response to triggers, and increased self-control after treatment. Conclusions: The Saam five element acupuncture treatment has the potential to be used as a treatment for psychiatric disorders. Treatment can be effective in managing psychiatric disorders when applied by primary Korean medicine clinics.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.179-187
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• 2014

Objectives : Saam acupuncture initiated by Saamdoin is traditional and originative method, which is characterized by applying the five phases theory and mother-child reinforcement-reduction principle to the selection of acupoints and needling manipulation. Our study was aimed to summarize and assess the use of acupoint SP3(Taebaek) in Saam acupuncture treatment and to further understand Saam acupuncture in an aspect of the combination of acupoints. Methods : We searched the data based on "(Do Hae Kyo Kam) Sa-Ahm's acupuncture method" for SP3 used and acupoint combination including SP3. We performed frequency analysis, network analysis, and cluster analysis for quantitative aspect. To understand clinical implication of SP3 with another acupoint, qualitative and descriptive methods were also carried out. Results and Conclusions : In our study, SP3 was frequently used for tonification of lung, spleen, heart, and kidney meridian and sedation of kidney, heart, and lung meridian. For this, many acupoints such as LU8, LU9, KI3, HT8, KI7, LU10 and LR1 were used with SP3. The combination of SP3 and other acupoints were used to treat stroke, common cold, and pain conditions including headache, low back pain, respiratory disease as well as gastroenteric troubles including stomachache, indigestion, vomiting, and constipation. To further understand Saam acupuncture, an understanding of the five transport points based on five elements characters, pathological changes (deficiency and excess) of viscera and bowels, and concept of source point should be preceded.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.88-99
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• 2017

Objectives : Saam acupuncture initiated by Saamdoin in $17^{th}$ century is one of the most widely adopted acupuncture techniques used by Korean medical doctors in clinic. Our study aimed to analyze the application of the Saam acupuncture method to pain diseases based on the literature data. Methods : Based on the contents described in "(Do Hae Kyo Kam) Saam's acupuncture method", the texts related to pain condition were analyzed. The frequency of prescription of Saam acupuncture method was analyzed, and then the relationships between each acupoint were visualized by network analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis for the quantitative aspect. Results and conclusions: In our study, Lung tonifying and Liver tonifying acupuncture were the most frequently used method for the treatment of pain disease. As the acupoints, BL66 and SI5 were used the most frequently. It was found that visceral pattern identification was considered as the most important factor in the selection of the Saam acupuncture method. Network analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis showed that each acupoint was closely related to other acupoints, and most of them were connected more closely according to the method of Saam acupuncture operation. The experiential prescriptions of Saam acupuncture were classified as an independent group. In the future, fundamental research on the principle of Saam acupuncture method is needed for the various diseases, and research for the clinical efficacy and the mechanism of Saam acupuncture method should be preceded.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.193-201
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• 2006

These days, in Korean Traditional Medicine, acupuncture is attracting our attention. As a result, many kinds of acupuncture method are developed. Especially, Saam's Acupuncture, Hwa Acupuncture are usually used in clinic, today. All of them use Five Transporting Point(五輸穴) and are based on theory of intergeneration/interinhibition among the Five Element(五行相生相克理論). They belong to Five Element Acupuncture(五行鍼法). This paper introduce the Medicine-Changes Three Point Acupuncture which is another form of Five Element Acupuncture and study its significance.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.131-141
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• 2005

Objectives : Saam acupuncture has evident principles of prescription based on acupuncture tonification and purgation of Nan-gyeong but many prescriptions of Saam acupuncture are not typical patterns. This paper studies principles of prescriptions of the king fire and the premier fire. Methods : Through investigation of many medical documents concerning king fire and the premier fire, the author explained of physiological and pathological principle of king and the premier fire, also explained of interacting mechanism through five element. And The theoretical authorities of analysis are Nan-gyeong, works of Joo dan-gye and Li dong-won. Results & Conclusion : 1. The sufficiency and the control of the water is the key to treat the disease by fire. Considering the attack and the treatment of disease, heart and liver give rise to fire in its early stage and kidney and lung are the key to treatment. 2. Consequently the pathology of the disease from fire is corresponding to the theory- Yang Sufficient, Yin Deficient- of Joo dan-gye. It seems that the theory of Joo dan-gye influenced on the medical theory of Saam Acupuncture. 3. On that account I believe that the study of medical theories of the Geum and Won Dynasty that various medical theories had appeared is very available for Saam Acupuncture. At present global warming is accelerating because environmental pollution has been increasing. Therefore the damage of fire to human body will be more and more severe and extensive. Because in the future medical plants will not be free from environmental pollution, acupuncture will be very confidential treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.81-97
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• 2020

Objectives: The objective of this study is to review the methods of combining acupoints of HANGYEOK(Cooling Mode) and YEOLGYEOK(Heating Mode) in Saam Acupuncture Method. Methods: We searched and investigated the journals and literatures by OASIS(Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine) and relevant searching engines with the key word "Saam, Hangyeok, Yeolgyeok". Unfortunately there was no relevant articles on this theme except six literatures. Six literatures with the key words relevant to Saam and acupuncture were selected and analyzed according to each composition of acupuncture prescription especially focusing on HANGYEOK and YEOLGYEOK. Results: Analyzing HANGYEOK and YEOLGYEOK of 12 meridians, two different methods emerged. In HANGYEOK to treat Heat Pattern, one method is to tonify Water points and directly sedate Fire points. The other is also to tonify Water point, but sedate Earth points instead of Fire points. It is assumed that Earth sedation method is to eradicate the underlying Fire. In only Heart meridian and Pericardium meridian there is one method to treat Heat Pattern: Water tonification and Fire Sedation. In YEOLGYEOK to treat Cold Pattern, there is one method to tonify Fire points and sedate Water points. In Pericardium meridian and Triple Energizer meridian there are some different combination of acupoints depending on literatures. Conclusions: Considering HANGYEOK and YEOLGYEOK in Saam Acupuncture Method, two methods are mainly discussed in HANGYEOK; Water Tonification Fire Sedation and Water Tonification Earth Sedation. To remove the underlying Fire, it is regarded that Water Tonification Earth Sedation is appropriate and close to Saam's thought.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.197-204
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• 2005

Objectives : This survey was accomplished to find out how Korean medical doctors take acupuncture prescriptions for knee osteoarthritis in real clinical practice. Methods : The survey questions were developed by the consensus from 4 professors and 10 residents who major in acupuncture & moxibustion for developing clinical trial protocol on individualized acupuncture treatment for knee osteoarthritis. The questionnaires were distributed via e-mail to 3,306 members of Korea Oriental Medical Association from March 15th to March 23rd in 2005.84 members completed answers, and the computerized data were analyzed by ISP statistical program. Results : 1. 68 out of 84 Korean medical doctors used pattern diagnosis. 2. 61 out of 84 Korean medical doctors used both local and remote points, 20 doctors remote points only, and 3 doctors local acupuncture points only. 3. In case of doctors who use remote acupuncture points only, the acupuncture prescription principle was Saam or five element acupuncture (66%), along the meridian pathway (14%), Eight constitutional acupuncture (11%), Taegeuk acupuncture (2%), and miscellaneous (18%). Conclusion : In our e-mail survey, Korean medical doctors who experienced more than 10 year practice answered that they use five element acupuncture or Saam acupuncture according to meridian pathway theory as the most common principle of their acupuncture treatment prescription.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.141-150
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• 2005

Objectives : This study was accomplished in order to find out how Korean medical doctors take acupuncture prescription for knee osteoarthritis in clinical practice Methods : The survey questions were developed by the consensus from 4 professors and 10 residents who major in acupuncture & moxibustion for developing clinical trial protocol on individualized acupuncture treatment for knee osteoarthritis. 206 persons having more than 10 years experience were randomly selected from a list of Korean medical doctors. Telephone interviews with them were conducted by the well-trained interviewers between May 21 and May 27 in 2005. Results : 139 of 206 Korean medical doctors made an acupuncture prescription prior to treatment of knee osteoarthritis. 103 of 139 Korean medical doctors used both local and remote points, and 26 of them used remote points only, and 10 of them used local points only. In case of doctors who use remote points, the five element (45 of 129) or Saam (28 of 129) acupoints were used dominantly, and its was based on the pattern identification of the Jangbu organs related with the pain (56 of 129) or of the pain location (35 of 129). Conclusion : This study showed that Koran medical doctors prefer to use remote points such as five element or Saam acupoints based on the pattern identification of the Jangbu organs related with the pain or the pain location. These result may be useful for developing protocols for clinical trial on acupuncture on knee osteoarthritis.