• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.171-185
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was undertaken in order to establish the composite principles of formulas through the comparison of Saam acupuncture and Eight Constitution acupuncture theories. Methods : We compared the structural patterns of formulas between Saam and Eight Constitution acupuncture theories, and applied 'Wang Xiang Xiu Qiu Si(旺相休囚死)' to the analysis of formulas of these theories. Results : 1. There were similarities between Saam and Eight Constitution acupuncture theories in the comparisons of structural patterns of acupuncture formulas and tonifying liver formulas. 2. 'Wang Xiang Xiu Qiu Si' is applied to the constitutional strong and weak relationships of zang-fu organs in these theories. 3. In the cases of tonifying, it is possible to reinforce the family group and reduce the enemy group organs in the Eight Constitution acupuncture theory. In cases of purging, it is possible to reduce the family group and reinforce the enemy group organs. Conclusions : It is possible to establish the composite principles of formulas by the application of 'Wang Xiang Xiu Qiu Si' in Saam acupuncture and Eight Constitution acupuncture theories.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2012

Present Saam acupuncture can be divided into two types of Therapeutic part that is composed of physiology, pathology, classification of the symptoms, treatment and Experiential part that is composed of clinical case. Therapeutic part is authored by Saam and experiential part is authored by Ji-san. Experiential part is based on therapeutic part, but it has been changed. So, Measuring "chapter10. Saam acupuncture(apply to therapeutic part)" against "chapter11. Clinical case of Ji-san(apply to experiential part)", Author get to know that experiential part of Saam acupuncture has been changed. "chapter10. Saam acupuncture(apply to therapeutic part)" and "chapter11. Clinical case of Ji-san(apply to experiential part)" belong to "TaeHanUiHakJeonJip Acupuncture part" that is similar to manuscript of Saam acupuncture. The following is changed situation of Saam acupuncture. First, While the theory of Jeong form is already established in therapeutic part, the theory of Seung form is established in experiential part. So, In experiential part, they are equal in their relations. Second, In experiential part, the term that is named 'prescription of ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$' has been used since experiential part. Third, Some of spots on the body suitable for acupuncture mentioned in therapeutic part are omitted in experiential part. And to conclude, experiential part play a large role in the establishment and change of early Saam acupuncture.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.127-140
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• 2011

Objectives : The aim of this study is to regulate the medical meaning about Kwan [self-denial] which is used by Jeongkyeok [reinforcing the weak body part] and Seungkyeok [consolidating the weak body part while inducing cathartic action of comparatively stronger body part] of Saam Acupuncture in common. Methods : This study generalized the method of understanding 'The Five Viscera Interaction' in Oriental Medicine from the perspective of literature and considering human organs in the medical context. Results and Conclusions : 1. There existed 'The Five Viscera Interaction' theory regulating the correlation between the five viscera headed by "Nankyeong" in the traditional Oriental medicine. The five viscera interaction theory was used as the standard of judging the symptom and the prognosis of a disease in the history of Oriental medicine and further used even as the method of preventing and treating diseases. 2. The treatment included in "Biyebaekyobang", a medical book in the period of Goryeo, can be rated as the most developmental form of medical theory which applied 'the five viscera interaction theory' to clinical treatment. The author of "Biyebaekyobang" managed to break away from the schematism of the five viscera interaction through the method of treating two internal organs using one organ treatment and applying the individually different relations between organs. "Biyebaekyobang" shows close similarities to Saam Acupuncture. 3. The organs handled in Saam Acupuncture has a significance in that it put forward the part which had not been aggressively dealt with in medical history up until then.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.131-141
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• 2005

Objectives : Saam acupuncture has evident principles of prescription based on acupuncture tonification and purgation of Nan-gyeong but many prescriptions of Saam acupuncture are not typical patterns. This paper studies principles of prescriptions of the king fire and the premier fire. Methods : Through investigation of many medical documents concerning king fire and the premier fire, the author explained of physiological and pathological principle of king and the premier fire, also explained of interacting mechanism through five element. And The theoretical authorities of analysis are Nan-gyeong, works of Joo dan-gye and Li dong-won. Results & Conclusion : 1. The sufficiency and the control of the water is the key to treat the disease by fire. Considering the attack and the treatment of disease, heart and liver give rise to fire in its early stage and kidney and lung are the key to treatment. 2. Consequently the pathology of the disease from fire is corresponding to the theory- Yang Sufficient, Yin Deficient- of Joo dan-gye. It seems that the theory of Joo dan-gye influenced on the medical theory of Saam Acupuncture. 3. On that account I believe that the study of medical theories of the Geum and Won Dynasty that various medical theories had appeared is very available for Saam Acupuncture. At present global warming is accelerating because environmental pollution has been increasing. Therefore the damage of fire to human body will be more and more severe and extensive. Because in the future medical plants will not be free from environmental pollution, acupuncture will be very confidential treatment.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.66-74
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• 2015

Background : Saam acupuncture were composed by applying the elemental concepts from the Five Phase theory - the relationships between the cycles such as Saeng(Sheng, 'nourishing' or 'creating') and Geuk(Ke, 'suppressing' or 'controlling') - onto the Five Phase points and 12 channels to compensate for the imbalance in each of the 12 main energy traits. Objective : The present study is aimed to find out the characteristics of Five Phase points pattern in Saam acupuncture. Methods : We analysed the characteristics of five elements of the Five Phase points in Korean medical texts such as Saamdoinchimguyogyeol, Dongeuibogam and Chimgugyeongheombang in mid Chosun Dynasty. Using non-negative factorization(NNMF) methods, we extracted the feature matrix of five elements of Five Phase points in each classic medical text. Results : In Saam acupuncture, two characteristics were most prominent: (1) "Self" component of Five elements, (2) "Mother" and "Grandmother" component of Five elements. Conclusions : Saam acupuncture used the combination of Five-Shu acupoint based on ZangFu pattern identification. Our findings suggest that grasping the characteristics of Five Phase points combinations can improve the understanding the selection of the relevant acupoints based on the ZangFu pattern identifications.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.179-187
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• 2014

Objectives : Saam acupuncture initiated by Saamdoin is traditional and originative method, which is characterized by applying the five phases theory and mother-child reinforcement-reduction principle to the selection of acupoints and needling manipulation. Our study was aimed to summarize and assess the use of acupoint SP3(Taebaek) in Saam acupuncture treatment and to further understand Saam acupuncture in an aspect of the combination of acupoints. Methods : We searched the data based on "(Do Hae Kyo Kam) Sa-Ahm's acupuncture method" for SP3 used and acupoint combination including SP3. We performed frequency analysis, network analysis, and cluster analysis for quantitative aspect. To understand clinical implication of SP3 with another acupoint, qualitative and descriptive methods were also carried out. Results and Conclusions : In our study, SP3 was frequently used for tonification of lung, spleen, heart, and kidney meridian and sedation of kidney, heart, and lung meridian. For this, many acupoints such as LU8, LU9, KI3, HT8, KI7, LU10 and LR1 were used with SP3. The combination of SP3 and other acupoints were used to treat stroke, common cold, and pain conditions including headache, low back pain, respiratory disease as well as gastroenteric troubles including stomachache, indigestion, vomiting, and constipation. To further understand Saam acupuncture, an understanding of the five transport points based on five elements characters, pathological changes (deficiency and excess) of viscera and bowels, and concept of source point should be preceded.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.27-38
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• 2004

Saam acupuncture has an evident principles of prescription based on acupuncture tonification and purgation of Nan-gyeong but many prescriptions of Saam acupuncture are not typical patterns. Therefore it is difficult to understand principles of those prescriptions. Understanding the principles of any prescription means understanding the physiology and pathology of that prescription and it have an important role in selecting the best prescription and taking the most effective treatment. This paper studies principles of prescriptions of the king fire and the premier fire. The theoretical authorities of analysis are Nan-gyeong, works of Joo dan-gye and Li dong-won and Uihakimmun. The damage of fire to mentality is very intensive and severe. The prescriptions of the king fire and premier fire have a good effect on diseases by fire. The fire of human body are two types, the king fire and the premier fire but the water of human body is only one and then inferior to fire. The fire superior to the water is unstable and the fire influences rapidly and intensively on four elements, wood, earth, metal, water. So the control of the water is the key to treat the disease by fire. Considering the attack and the treatment of disease, heart and liver are attacked with a disease by fire in its early stage and kidney and lung are the key to treatment. Consequently the pathology of the disease by fire is corresponding to the theory- Yang Sufficient, Yin Deficient- of Joo dan-gye. It seems that the theory of Joo dan-gye influenced on the medical theory of Saam Acupuncture. On that account I believe that the study of medical theories of the Geum and Won Dynasty that various medical theories appeared is very available.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.193-201
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• 2006

These days, in Korean Traditional Medicine, acupuncture is attracting our attention. As a result, many kinds of acupuncture method are developed. Especially, Saam's Acupuncture, Hwa Acupuncture are usually used in clinic, today. All of them use Five Transporting Point(五輸穴) and are based on theory of intergeneration/interinhibition among the Five Element(五行相生相克理論). They belong to Five Element Acupuncture(五行鍼法). This paper introduce the Medicine-Changes Three Point Acupuncture which is another form of Five Element Acupuncture and study its significance.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.197-204
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• 2005

Objectives : This survey was accomplished to find out how Korean medical doctors take acupuncture prescriptions for knee osteoarthritis in real clinical practice. Methods : The survey questions were developed by the consensus from 4 professors and 10 residents who major in acupuncture & moxibustion for developing clinical trial protocol on individualized acupuncture treatment for knee osteoarthritis. The questionnaires were distributed via e-mail to 3,306 members of Korea Oriental Medical Association from March 15th to March 23rd in 2005.84 members completed answers, and the computerized data were analyzed by ISP statistical program. Results : 1. 68 out of 84 Korean medical doctors used pattern diagnosis. 2. 61 out of 84 Korean medical doctors used both local and remote points, 20 doctors remote points only, and 3 doctors local acupuncture points only. 3. In case of doctors who use remote acupuncture points only, the acupuncture prescription principle was Saam or five element acupuncture (66%), along the meridian pathway (14%), Eight constitutional acupuncture (11%), Taegeuk acupuncture (2%), and miscellaneous (18%). Conclusion : In our e-mail survey, Korean medical doctors who experienced more than 10 year practice answered that they use five element acupuncture or Saam acupuncture according to meridian pathway theory as the most common principle of their acupuncture treatment prescription.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1397-1402
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• 2008

As eight constitution acupuncture began to be applied in clinics, the acupuncture method and the method of differentiating constitution became widely known. However, no official principles of composing acupuncture prescriptions have been established so far. Therefore, this study examined unique and novel interpretations among a variety of theories on the composition of acupoints of eight constitution medicine. The basic principles of the general formula of unit prescription discussed in the study are that the compatibility and incompatibility of the five elements is acknowledged not in one way but in interactive way, and that when an energy shown in the compatibility and incompatibility chart of five elements is tonified, its two neighboring competible energies are tonified due to the effects of compatibility. On the other hand, two other energies which are incompatible with the energy and exist on the opposite side of it are sedated due to the effect of incompatibility. In contrast, when an energy is sedated, its two neighboring competible energies are sedated while two other energies in incompatible with it are tonified. In addition, eight constitution acupuncture could be explained as a variant of Saam acupuncture. It is unfortunate that there exist no established theory but hypotheses with regard to the composition of acupoints of eight constitution acupuncture. It is expected that young scholars will produce better results if they continue researching eight constitution acupuncture.