• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.760-762
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• 2003

This study confirmed the usefulness of short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) in the discrimination and classification of evergreen forest types. A forested area near Hisayama and Sasaguri in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, served as the study area. Warm-temperate forest vegetation dominates the study site vegetation. Coniferous plantation forest, natural broad-leaved forest, and bamboo forest were analyzed using LANDSAT5/TM and SPOT4/HRVIR remote sensing data. Samples were extracted for the three forest types, and reflectance factors were compared for each band. Kappa coefficients of various band combinations were also compared by classification accuracy. For the LANDSAT5/TM data observed in April, October, and November, Bands 5 and 7 showed significant differences between bamboo, broad-leaved, and coniferous forests. The same significant difference was not recognized in the visible or near-infrared regions. Classification accuracy, determined by supervised classification, indicated distinct improvements in band combinations with SWIR, as compared to those without SWIR. Similar results were found for both LANDSAT5/TM and SPOT4/HRVIR data. This study identified obvious advantages in using SWIR data in forest-type discrimination and classification.

• 세라미스트
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.59-74
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• 2018

Imaging in the Short Wave Infrared (SWIR) provides several advantages over the visible and near-infrared regions: enhanced image resolution in in foggy or dusty environments, deep tissue penetration, surveillance capabilities with eye-safe lasers, assessment of food quality and safety. Commercially available SWIR imagers are fabricated by integrating expensive epitaxial grown III-V compound semiconductor sensors with Si-based readout integrated circuits(ROIC) by indium bump bonding Infrared image sensors made of solution-processed quantum dots have recently emerged as candidates for next-generation SWIR imagers. They combine ease of processing, tunable optoelectronic properties, facile integration with Si-based ROIC and good performance. Here, we review recent research and development trends of various application fields of SWIR image sensors and nano-materials capable of absorption and emission of SWIR band. With SWIR sensible nano-materials, new type of SWIR image sensor can replace current high price SWIR imagers.

• 센서학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.285-289
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• 2023

Recently, the demand for lidar systems for autonomous driving is increasing, and research on Shortwave Infrared(SWIR) photodetectors for this purpose is being actively conducted. Most SWIR photodetectors currently being developed are based on InGaAs, and have the disadvantages of complex processes, high prices, and limitations in research due to monopoly. In addition, current SWIR photodetectors use lasers in the 905 nm wavelength band, which can pass through the pupil and cause damage to the retina. Therefore, it is required to develop a SWIR photodetector using a wavelength band of 1400 nm or more to be safe for human eyes, and to develop a material that can replace the proprietary InGaAs. PbS QDs are group 4-6 compound semiconductors whose absorption wavelength band can be adjusted from 1000 to 2700 nm, and have the advantage of being simple to process. Therefore, in this study, PbS QDs having an absorption wavelength peak of 1415 nm were synthesized, and a SWIR photodetector was fabricated using this. In addition, the photodetector's responsivity was improved by applying P3HT and ZnO NPs to improve electron hole mobility. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that the synthesized PbS QDs had excellent FWHM characteristics compared to commercial PbS QDs, and it was confirmed that the photodetector had a maximum current change of about 1.6 times.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.283-295
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• 2023

센서 및 위성 기술의 발전에 따라 전세계적으로 다양한 고해상도 다중대역 위성영상이 활용 가능해지고 있다. 다중대역 센서가 가지는 파장에 기인한 고유한 반사, 투과, 산란 특성에 따라 다중대역 위성영상은 지구 관측에 대한 다양한 상호보완적 지표정보를 제공한다. 특히, short-wave infrared (SWIR) 대역은 긴 파장으로 인해 가시광 대역에 비해 Rayleigh 산란에 적게 영향을 받으며, 이로 인해 특정 대기입자를 투과할 수 있다는 특징을 지닌다. 산불, 폭발 등에 의해 발생된 짙은 연기는 가시광 대역의 영상의 가시성을 저하시키고 일부 지역에 대한 지표를 차폐시키는데, SWIR 대역은 이러한 연기에 의해 가려진 지역에 대한 지표정보를 추가로 제공해주기도 한다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 SWIR 대역과 가시광 대역의 영상 정보를 융합하는 다중해상도 변환 기반의 영상 융합 기법을 제안하였다. 제안된 융합 기법의 목적은 상호보완적 관계에 있는 가시광 대역에서의 고해상도 세부적 배경정보와 SWIR 대역에서의 연기 지역에 대한 지표정보를 모두 내포하고 있는 단일 영상을 생성하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 라플라시안(Laplacian) 피라미드 기반의 다중해상도 변환 기법을 가시광-SWIR 영상 융합에 적용하였다. 다중해상도 변환 기법은 영상 융합에 널리 활용되는 대표적인 영상분해 기반의 방법론으로, 각각의 원 영상을 다양한 스케일로 분해하여 융합하는 기법이다. 또한, 본 연구는 다중해상도 변환 기법에 haze-guided weight map을 융합한 방법론을 제안하였다. Haze-guided weight map은 SWIR 대역이 연기와 같은 특정 대기입자를 투과하여 지표에 대한 정보를 제공해줄 수 있다는 사전지식에 기반하여 제안된 알고리즘으로 다중해상도로 분해된 두 영상을 융합하는 기준이 되는 가중치 지도로써 활용되었다. 제안된 방법론은 가시광 및 SWIR 대역을 포함하고 있는 고해상도 다중대역 위성영상인 Worldview-3 위성영상을 활용하여 검증되었다. 실험 데이터는 주변 산불로 인해 연기가 발생하여 제한된 가시성을 지닌 연기 지역을 포함하고 있으며, 제안된 방법론의 투과 특성을 검증하기 위해 선정되었다. 제안된 기법에 대한 실험결과는 영상 품질 평가 지표를 활용한 정량평가 및 시각평가를 통해 분석되었으며, 결과분석을 통해 연기 지역에 대한 지표정보를 내포하는 SWIR 대역의 밝은 특징값과 가시광 대역 내의 고해상도 정보가 손실없이 최종 융합 영상에 내포됨을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2005년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2005
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• pp.130-133
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• 2005

This paper presents the efficient method to detect the defective detectors of the SWIR band of SPOT 4. The key of this method are to flatten the baseline of the data using high pass band filter instead of differentiation. This method is made up six steps. First step is to apply image enhancement techniques to enhance the lines imaged by defective detector and improve the quality of an image. Second step is processed by summing the enhanced image in line direction. These summed data have the peaks that represent the defective detectors and the curved baseline characterized by the reflectivity of Earth surface. In order to exactly detect these peaks, third step is to flatten the curved baseline using high pass filtering in the frequency domain. In fourth step, the data with flat baseline is normalized to have zero mean and unity standard deviation. In fifth step, the defective detectors are detected using $99.9\%$ confidence interval. Finally, after removing the detected ones in summed data, the steps from third to five are iterated. Three SPOT 4 images, which have different reflectivity of Earth surface and different sensor, were used to validate this method. The overall accuracy of detection for three images was $97.9\%$. This result shows that this method can detect efficiently the lines made by defective detectors.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2007

Relatively simplified method for determination of surface reflectance has been used by using the ratio between SWIR and VIS band reflectance over land surface. The surface reflectance ratios (SWIR/VIS) were estimated over land in Korea from Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectre-radiometer (MODIS) L1 data. The ratios by using the minimum reflectance technique were lower than those by MODIS operational aerosol retrieval algorithm. Although the comparison between MODIS and sunphotometer Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) has a good correlation coefficient (R=0.84), slightly overestimated MODIS AOTs were shown with a slope of linear regression line of 0.89. The comparison between the ratio and AOT dearly exhibit that the error of MODIS AOT could be originated from the underestimated surface reflectances by MODIS operational algorithm.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제39권6_1호
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• pp.1299-1308
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• 2023

기후변화 등으로 인해 전 세계적으로 산불이 점점 잦아지고 대형화되는 추세다. 위성영상 등의 원격탐사를 통한 산불피해 면적 및 피해강도를 산정하는 것은 현장조사에 따른 여러 가지 어려움을 줄일 수 있어 대안 및 보조자료로 활용이 가능하다. 산불피해강도(differenced normalized burn ratio, dNBR)는 산불 전후의 정규탄화지수(normalized burn ratio, NBR) 차이를 통해 산정하며, NBR 수식에 사용되는 영상은 Landsat의 근적외선(near infrared, NIR)과 단적외선(short-wavelength infrared, SWIR) 밴드를 기본으로 한다. 우리나라 위성영상의 경우, SWIR 밴드를 가지고 있지 않기 때문에 산불피해와 관련한 국내 연구들은 해외영상을 사용하거나 우리나라 위성영상을 사용한 경우, 정규식생지수(normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI)를 이용하여 간접적인 방법으로 dNBR을 산출하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 Kompsat-3A호(K3A)의 중적외선(mid-wavelength infrared, MWIR) 밴드를 NBR 수식의 SWIR 밴드 대신 대입하여 dNBR을 산정하고, dNBR의 기준이 되는 Landsat을 이용한 dNBR 결과 값과 비교하였다. 그 결과 K3A MWIR을 이용한 dNBR이 Landsat SWIR을 이용한 dNBR에 비해 나타낼 수 있는 값의 범위가 더 넓고 세분화하여 표현이 가능하였다. 따라서 산불피해 지역을 조사하는데 있어 K3A의 활용도가 높을 것이라 사료된다. 뿐만 아니라 본 연구에서는 30m로 열화된 K3A MWIR 밴드를 사용했으나 그보다 높은 해상도의 MWIR 밴드를 사용한다면 본 연구보다 훨씬 더 나은 결과를 얻을 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.1230-1232
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• 2003

This study aims to extract maximum geological information using the ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection radiometer) images of a part of south India. The area chosen for this study is characterized by rock types such as Migmatite, Magnetite Quartzite, Charnockite, Granite, dykes, Granitoid gneiss and Ultramafic rocks, and minerals such as Bauxite, Magnesite, Iron ores, Calcite etc. Advantage was taken of the characteristic reflectance and absorption phenomenon in the VNIR, SWIR and TIR bands for these rocks and minerals, and they were mapped in detail. Image processing methods such as contrast stretching, PC analysis, band ratios and fusion were used in this study. The results of the processing matched with the field details and showed additional details, thus demonstrating the usefulness of ASTER (especially the SWIR bands) data for better geological mapping.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2003

Since SPOT4 satellite contained VEGETATION 1 sensor launched, the noise in VEGETATION data was occasionally arisen a difficulty for the data traitement. Blind line noise types were studied in VEGETATION-l short wave infrared channel(SWIR). In order to provide a precis product, the procedure for removing this noise is strongly recommended. In the case that the blind values are clearly distinguished from contamination-free values a simple threshold method was applied, while a changeable threshold method was used for the blind value mixed with contamination-free values. New algorithm presented in this study is consists of two method for each type of SWIR blind. After removing blind line, there were again some residual pixels of blind, because the threshold is not determinated sufficiently low. Lower threshold could remove the blind line as well as the contamination-free pixels. Nevertheless, the results showed a good qualitative improvement as compared with other algorithm.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1270-1278
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• 2014

The modern infrared (IR) imaging systems use mainly one or more wavelength bands among short wavelength IR (SWIR), middle wavelength IR (MWIR), and long wavelength IR (LWIR) bands. In the process of IR image synthesis and modeling, IR image wavelength-band conversion which transforms arbitrary band image to other band one is required. The wavelength-band conversion procedure includes a temperature estimation process of an object surface. However, in this procedure, an approximated Planck's radiation equation causes errors in estimated temperature. In this paper, we propose an estimation temperature error attenuation method in IR image band conversion procedure. The estimated temperature is corrected with a slope information of radiance according to it. The corrected temperature is used for generation of the other band IR image. The verification of proposed method is demonstrated through the simulation.