• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.305-311
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• 2018

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease, characterized by articular cartilage, osteonecrosis, and osteochondral bone erosion. It is an early, progressive disease that combines joint stiffness and joint pain and reduces cartilage function and condition. Interleukin-1 beta ($IL-1{\beta}$) is thought to be important to the pathogenesis of OA and significantly increases the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which play an important role in cartilage degradation in OA. Sparassis crispa (Wulf.) is an edible / medicinal mushroom that has been reported to variety of biological activities. In this study, investigated the Anti-inflammatory effect of Sparassis crispa (Wulf.) ethanol extract (SCE) on $IL-1{\beta}$ stimulated SW1353 chondrocytes. SCE decreased the expression and activity of MMPs by $IL-1{\beta}$ and decreased the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) associated with the inhibition of prostaglandin E2($PGE_2$) in $IL-1{\beta}$ stimulated SW-1353 chondrocytes. In addition, SCE inhibits the expression of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and $NF-{\kappa}B$ (nuclear factor-kappa B) signaling in $IL-1{\beta}$ stimulated SW-1353 cells, and SCE inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. Thus, it is suggested that SCE has a potential as an anti-inflammatory agent in osteoarthritis treatments.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2013

For the treatment of osteoarthritis, pulsed electromagnetic field stimulus has been suggested as a useful therapeutic method in rehabilitative medicine. Most studies have been performed under low-frequency and low-energy to find out biological properties for stimulating chondrocyte with pulsed magnetic field. In this study, the effect of strong pulse magnetic field on the human chondrosarcoma cells (SW-1353) has been investigated by means of cell counting, morphologies, and gene expression of cartilage extracellular matrix genes. The SW-1353 cells were exposed under the field intensities of 270, 100, 55, 36, and 26 mTesla during 6 hours a day in 5 consecutive days. The pulse magnetic field with an LRC oscillating signal has the pulse width of 0.126 msec and stimulation period of 1 sec. For the 270 and 100 mTesla stimulation, the cell proliferation significantly increased in 21-24% as compared with the non-stimulated cells. Gene expression of cartilage extracellular matrix genes (ACAN, COMP and COL2A1) was assayed by quantitative real time-PCR method. The ACAN gene expression showed a significant brightness, which means the increase on gene expression, compared with the non-stimulated cells. Our results suggest that the strong pulse magnetic field stimulation can be utilized to accelerate cell proliferation and gene expression on human chondrosarcoma cells.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.99-107
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• 2020

Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory degenerative joint disease that is accompanied by irreversible joint cartilage destruction. Recently, the antioxidant effects of Carpomitra costata, which is a type of brown algae, have been reported, but their effects on OA have not been investigated. In this study, the anti-osteoarthritic effect of the ethanol extract of C. costata (EECC) on SW1353 human chondrocytes was studied. Results showed that EECC significantly attenuated the interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced release of pro-inflammatory mediators, including prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide (NO), as well as expressions of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and inducible NO synthase. EECC also inhibited the IL-1β-induced expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-1, -3, and -13 in SW1353 chondrocytes, which reduced their extracellular secretion. In addition, the oxidative stress induced by IL-1β was confirmed to be blocked by EECC due to the inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation. Moreover, EECC suppressed IL-1β-mediated translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) from cytosol into the nucleus and the degradation of IκB-α, which indicates that EECC exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway. These results are the first to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activities of C. costata extracts in chondrocytes, thus suggesting that this algae extract may be used in the treatment of OA.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1070-1077
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• 2017

Chondrocyte apoptosis induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Schisandrin A, a bioactive compound found in fruits of the Schisandra genus, has been reported to possess multiple pharmacological and therapeutic properties. Although several studies have described the antioxidant effects of analogues of schisandrin A, the underlying molecular mechanisms of this bioactive compound remain largely unresolved. The present study investigated the cytoprotective effect of schisandrin A against oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide [$H_2O_2$]) in SW1353 human chondrocyte cells. The results showed that schisandrin A preconditioning significantly inhibited $H_2O_2-induced$ growth inhibition and apoptotic cell death by blocking the degradation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase proteins and down-regulating pro-caspase-3. These antiapoptotic effects of schisandrin A were associated with attenuation of mitochondrial dysfunction and normalization of expression changes of proapoptotic Bax and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 in $H_2O_2-stimulated$ SW1353 chondrocytes. Furthermore, schisandrin A effectively abrogated $H_2O_2-induced$ intracellular ROS accumulation and phosphorylation of histone H2AX at serine 139, a widely used marker of DNA damage. Thus, the present study demonstrates that schisandrin A provides protection against $H_2O_2-induced$ apoptosis and DNA damage in SW1353 chondrocytes, possibly by prevention of ROS generation. Collectively, our data indicate that schisandrin A has therapeutic potential in the treatment of oxidative disorders caused by overproduction of ROS.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.24-40
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• 2007

Background : Accumulating evidence shows that interleukin(IL)-1 plays a critical role in inflammation and connective tissue destruction observed in both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. IL-1 induces gene expression related to cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinases by activation of many different transcription factors. Materials and Methods : The chondrosarcoma cell line, SW1353, is known to be a valuable in vitro system for investigating catabolic gene regulation by IL-$1{\beta}$ in chondrocytic cells. To explore and analyze the changes in gene expression by IL-1 responsible for arthritis, SW1353 was treated with IL-1 for 1, 6 and 24 h and then total RNAs were purified for each time. The changes in gene expression were analyzed with 17k human cDNA microarrays and validated by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results : Greater than a two-fold change was observed in 1,200 genes including metallothioneins, matrix metalloproteinases, extracellular matrix proteins, antioxidant proteins, cytoskeleton proteins, cell cycle regulatory proteins, proteins for cell growth and apoptosis, signaling proteins and transcription factors. These changes appeared to be correlate with the pathophysiological changes observed in early osteoarthritis. Conclusion : cDNA microarray analysis revealed a marked variability in gene expression, and provided insight into the overall molecular changes. The result of this study provide initial information for further studies to identify therapeutic targets in osteoarthritis pathogenesis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 2021

Under some pathological conditions such as osteoarthritis, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) including MMP-13 have an important role in degrading cartilage materials. When the regulatory effects of some herbal extracts on MMP-13 expression were examined to evaluate the cartilage-protective potential, the ethanol extract of the radix of Viscum album was found to strongly downregulate MMP-13 induction in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes, SW1353 cells. Based on this finding, activity-guided separation was carried out, which yielded five constituents identified as 3,5-dihydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)heptane (1), hesperetin-7-glucoside (2), syringin (3), homoflavoyadorinin B (4), and 4,4'-dihydroxy-3,6'-dimethoxychalcone-2'-glucoside (5). Of these, 1 and 5 significantly inhibited MMP-13 expression in SW1353 cells, with 5 being the most potent. Compound 5, a chalcone derivative, showed the downregulation of MMP-13 at 20 - 100 μM. The mechanism study revealed that 5 exerted MMP-13 down-regulatory action, at least in part, by interrupting the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) activation pathway. Furthermore, this compound protected against cartilage degradation in an IL-1-treated rabbit cartilage explant culture. All these findings demonstrated for the first time that Viscum album and its constituents, especially chalcone derivative (5), possessed cartilage-protective activity. These natural products may have the potential for alleviating cartilage degradation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.560-567
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• 2018

In the present study, we tried to examine whether resveratrol regulates the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) through affecting nuclear factor-kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) in articular chondrocytes. Rabbit articular chondrocytes were cultured in a monolayer, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure interleukin-${\beta}$ ($IL-1{\beta}$)-induced gene expression of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4), ADAMTS-5 and type II collagen. Effect of resveratrol on $IL-1{\beta}$-induced secretion of MMP-3 was investigated in rabbit articular chondrocytes using western blot analysis. To elucidate the action mechanism of resveratrol, effect of resveratrol on $IL-1{\beta}$-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathway was investigated in SW1353, a human chondrosarcoma cell line, by western blot analysis. The results were as follows: (1) resveratrol inhibited the gene expression of MMP-3, MMP-1, MMP-13, ADAMTS-4, and ADAMTS-5, but increased the gene expression of type II collagen; (2) resveratrol reduced the secretion of MMP-3; (3) resveratrol inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$induced activation (phosphorylation) of inhibitory kappa B kinase (IKK), and thus phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitory kappa $B{\alpha}$ ($I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$); (4) resveratrol inhibited $IL-1{\beta}$-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65. This, in turn, led to the down-regulation of gene expression of MMPs in SW1353 cells. These results suggest that resveratrol can regulate the expression of MMPs through affecting $NF-{\kappa}B$ by directly acting on articular chondrocytes.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.2701-2705
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• 2015

Chondrosarcoma, the second most common type of bone malignancy, is characterized by distant metastasis and local invasion. Previous studies have shown that treatment by pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) has beneficial effects on various cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of PEMF applied for 3 and 7 days on the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels in chondrosarcoma SW1353 cells stimulated with two different doses of $IL-1{\beta}$. SW1353 cells were treated with (0.5 and 5 ng/ml) $IL-1{\beta}$ and PEMF exposure was applied either 3 or 7 days. MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels were measured in conditioned media by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results were relative to protein levels. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). P<0.05 was considered significant. PEMF treatment significantly decreased MMP-9 protein levels in human chondrosarcoma cells stimulated with 0.5 ng/ml $IL-1{\beta}$ at day 7, whereas it did not show any effect on cells stimulated with 5 ng/ml $IL-1{\beta}$. There was no significant change in TIMP-1 protein levels either by $IL-1{\beta}$ stimulation or by PEMF treatment. The results of this study showed that PEMF treatment suppressed $IL-1{\beta}$-mediated upregulation of MMP-9 protein levels in a dual effect manner. This finding may offer new perspectives in the therapy of bone cancer.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.436-441
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• 2006

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic, and inflammatory autoimmune disorder that affects 1% of the adult population worldwide. Osteoarthritis is a multifactorial disease with high morbidity that is characterized by degradation of the matrix and destruction of articular cartilage. In this study, we examined the inhibition effect of Trachelospermi Caulis on the inflammation($TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, NO), cartilage protection(MMP-13), and cell death in arthritis. RAW 264.7 and SW 1353 cells were cultivated in DMAE(GibcoBRL, USA) with 5% FBS and Fungizone in $37^{\circ}C$, 5% CO2. THP-1 cells were cultivated in RPMI(GibcoBRL, USA) with 5% FBS and Fungizone in $37^{\circ}C$, 5% CO2. Activity of caspase-3, XIAP, Cytochrome C in the cell was examined by using western blot. The results obtained were as Follows; Concentration of nitric oxide in Trachelospermi Caulis treatment group significantly decreased compared with that of non-treatment group (P<0.05). In treated group, Concentration of Trachelospermi Caulis was not significantly associated with cell death. Concentration of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and $IL-1{\beta}$ in Trachelospermi Caulis treatment group decreased significantly compared with that of none treatment group (P<0.05). Relative density of MMP-13 in Trachelospermi Caulis treatment group decreased significantly compared with that of none treatment group and dose-response relationship was observed. After treatment of staurosporin in SW1353 which increases cell death, in Trachelospermi Caulis treated group, the cell death was effectively decreased. In conclusion, these results suggest that Trachelospermi Caulis inhibit inflammation and cell death in arthritis. More researches about effect of Trachelospermi Caulis are considered to need.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.60-66
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• 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most prevalent degenerative joint diseases and is more common in older and obese individuals. Silkworm male pupae exerts tonic effects by increasing testosterone secretion and the forced swimming time and muscle ratio increased in mice consuming silkworm pupae, which may be beneficial to the older population. Therefore, it will be beneficial to investigate the effects of silkworm pupal extracts (SPE) on OA. To confirm this effect, we prepared SPE in different solvents, and their ability to attenuate matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and inflammatory mediators (interleukin-6 [IL-6], interleukin-8 [IL-8] and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]) were evaluated in an interleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced SW1353 human chondrosarcoma cell line. 70% ethanolic SPE outperformed the other solvents, reducing MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression by up to 53% and 13%, respectively. Further experiments were performed using 70% ethanolic SPE from three distinct pupation stages in males and females. SPE treatment alleviated MMP-1 expression (43.9-47.4%) regardless of pupation stage and sex. Among the inflammatory mediators, 70% ethanolic SPE alleviated IL-6 and TNF-α levels, and the concentrations thereof were lowest in the early-stage male SPE-treated group (43.15% and 56.74%, respectively). In conclusion, 70% ethanolic SPE may prevent IL-1β-induced osteoarthritis by inhibiting MMPs and inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, SPE is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of OA.