• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.21
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• pp.9341-9346
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• 2014

Acanthopanax trifoliatus (L) Merr (AT) is commonly used as an herbal medicine and edible plant in some areas of China and other Asian countries. AT is thought to have anticancer effects, but potential mechanisms remain unknown. To assess the anticancer properties of AT, we exposed prostate cancer cells to AT extracts and assessed cell proliferation and signaling pathways. An ethanol extract of AT was suspended in water followed by sequential extraction with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. PC-3 cells were treated with different concentrations of each extract and cell viability was determined by the MTT and trypan blue exclusion assays. The ethyl acetate extract of the ethanol extract had a stronger inhibitory effect on growth and a stronger stimulatory effect on apoptosis than any of the other extracts. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that the ethyl acetate extract suppressed the transcriptional activity of NF-${\kappa}B$, increased the level of caspase-3, and decreased the levels of phospho-Erk1/2 and phospho-Akt. This is the first report on the anticancer activity of AT in cultured human prostate cancer cells. The results suggest that AT can provide a plant-based medicine for the treatment or prevention of prostate cancer.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.307-342
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• 2018

This article is to discuss about a debate on controlling and handling rights of diagnostic instruments for the outbreak of Foot-and-Mouth Disease(FMD) in South Korea between 2010 and 2011. The epidemic of FMD caused catastrophic shockwave to the whole Korean society and there was fierce debate what was the best diagnostic tool for the disease and who owned the controlling power. The central government insisted to have the power of controlling the diagnostic tool to maintain the nation-centered disease control while local governments and civil organisations attempted to take over the controlling power of the diagnostic tools. In this article the concept of boundary objects which was suggested by an American STS academic, Susan Leigh Star and her colleagues. The boundary object could be the useful concept for capturing the whole process of constructing and imposing meanings and social orders in the diagnostic tool, called the portable antibody/antigen diagnostic kit. The constructing process of this boundary object must be understood with relation to boundary making activities between different social groups.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.48
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• pp.170-190
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to examine the ideological orientation of Minjujungbo which was the first and the largest newspaper in Busan during the U.S. Military Government in Korea. For this purpose this study analyzed the personal history of the editorial staffs and the coverage of the three historical events. The events analyzed were the supporting statement to trusteeship by Korean Communist Party in Jan. 1946, the money counterfeit by Jungpansa in May, 1946 and the general strike in Sep. 1946. The coverages of Minjujungbo on these three events were compared with those of other newspapers which had shown the orientation of the rightist, the neutral, and the leftist respectively. Most of the editorial staffs had been involved the leftist movement but were not socialist to the core at that time. Most of them were the members of Pusanilbo which was published by Japanese in late colonial period. The coverages of Minjujungbo were analyzed to be similar to those of Seoulsinmun which was evaluated as the neutral. But the coverage of the general strike was analyzed as leftist slightly. In conclusion it can be said that the ideological orientation of Minjujungbo was the left-of-center.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.720-727
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• 2009

Lyophilized powder (BP2FS) of soybeans fermented with Bacillus polyfermenticus KJS-2 (B. polyfermenticus KJS-2) exhibited in vitro antibacterial activities against eight pathogenic bacteria. BP2FS was used as a fodder additive for Oplegnathus fasciatus (0. fasciatus) culture. One group (UFD) of O. fasciatus was fed a commercial fodder, while another group (FD) was fed the same fodder, but including BP2FS ($6{\times}10^{4}$ cfu $g^{-1}$ fodder), two times daily for 120 days. The mean body weight of the FD group (67.29${\pm}$12.62 g) was higher than that of the UFD group (56.56${\pm}$8.21 g) after 120 days. The survival rate of FD was 80% compared to 40% for the UFD group. Cumulative mortalities in the FD and UFD groups were 18.95% and 60.98% respectively. B. polyfermenticus KJS-2 was isolated from the intestines of the FD group and the number of viable colonies was estimated to be $1.04{\times}10^{4}$ cfu $g^{-1}$. Iridovirus and Vibrio vulnificus was detected in the organs of the UFD group but not in the FD group. All of the infected fish showed typical clinical symptoms of hemorrhage in their tail fins. Dissection of the infected internal organs revealed liver congestion and spleen enlargement - typical symptoms caused by iridovirus infection. These results clearly show that BP2FS is highly beneficial in preventing O. fasciatus from iridovirus infection.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.414-418
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• 2010

Ethyl 1-aminotetrazole-5-carboxylate (1) reacted with hydrazine hydrate to give the corresponding aminohydrazide 2. Cyclization of 2 by carbon disulfide yielded 1,3,4-oxadiazole-5-thiol structure 3. Reaction of 3 with either chloroacetone or ethyl chloroacetate furnished S-acyl 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives 4 and 5, respectively. Also compound 3 reacted with hydrazine hydrate afforded 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol derivative 6. 6-Methyl-1,3,4-triazolo[3,4-b]-1,3,4-thiadiazole structure 7 was synthesized by reaction of aminothiol 6 with glacial acetic acid. Diazotization of 1 with sodium nitrite in presence of hydrochloric acid yielding the diazonium salt which on treating with hippuric acid, oxazolone derivative 8 was obtained. Furthermore, tetrazolo[5,1-f]-1,2,4-triazine 9 was constructed via cyclization of aminoester 1 with formamide. Compound 9 reacted with carbon disulfide to furnish 8-thione derivative 10 which reacting with chloroacetone, ethyl chloroacetate, and hydrazine hydrate, the corresponding chemical structures 11, 12, and 13 were synthesized. 1,2,4-Triazolo[4,3-d]tetrazolo[5,1-f]-1,2,4-triazines 14 and 15 were resulted by treating of compound 13 with triethyl orthoformate, and glacial acetic acid, respectively. The structures of the newly synthesized products were elucidated according to elemental analyses and spectroscopic evidences. Some of the representative members of the prepared compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.322-331
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• 2007

In this study, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) were conducted to find the mineralized zone at the Geumpung mine in Dojeon-ri, Susan-myeon, Jecheon-si, Chungcheongbuk-do. The deviation of the inclined borehole was measured to obtain the exact positions of the electrodes for correcting apparent resistivity values from ERT. Geophysical loggings such as resistivity and natural gamma were conducted to obtain the properties of the material near the borehole. Measurements of the physical properties of the cores, such as porosity, water content, density, susceptibility, resistivity were performed to analyze the correlation between physical properties and resistivity. Grade analysis for core sample was also conducted to identify relationship between grade and resistivity. Rock property analysis shows that the resistivity is more dominated by susceptibility and grade than by porosity and water content in the mineralized zone. The results of ERT are well consistent with geophysical logging data and geologic column. So ERT is powerful method to identify conductive mineralized zone.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2011

Collections were made monthly using beam trawl from March 2005 to February 2006 in Gujora, and from June 2006 to May 2007 in Geoje Bay to investigate the species composition of Juvenile and Immature Fishes of both coastal areas. Fishes collected in the sandy shore of Gujora were 6 orders, 14 families, 20 species, 224 individuals, and 534.9 g in total. Favonigobius gymnauchen, Trachioncephalus myops, Pseudoblennius percoides, Sagamia geneionema, Repomucenus beniteguri, and Pseudorhombus cinnamoneus were mainly collected. These 6 species accounted for 83.9% of total individuals and 47.1 % of total biomass. On the other hand, fishes collected in Geoje Bay were 4 orders, 8 families, 14 species, 1,406 individuals and 1,899.7 g in total. Acentrogobius pflaumii, Platyce phalusindicus, Chasmichthy dolichognathus, Acanthogobius flavimanus, Gymnogobius urotaenia, and Synechogobius hasta were mainly collected. These 6 species accounted for 97.7% of total individuals and 96% of total biomass. The greatest numbers and biomass of fishes were collected in summer and the lowest in winter. In Geoje Bay, the number of species and individuals reached the peak in September and August, respectively. However, both species and individual numbers were highly fluctuated in Gujora.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.955-968
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• 2010

Three-dimensional body data has been used in many industry fields including the apparel industry. This research used data from a study of the changes in lower body girth measurements from a 3D scan study of 25 female subjects aged 18 to 24 in four postures; a standing posture, a $120^{\circ}$ knee bend posture, a one pace stepping posture, and a sitting posture with a $90^{\circ}$ knee bend. We used the information on the difference between standing and seated measurements to adjust ease values for pants patterns an evaluation of the appearance, and the comfort of the pants. Waist girth in the sitting posture increased 8% compared to a standing posture and the hip girth measurement increased 7%. A basic pants pattern (pants A) with 2.4cm ease at the waist and 2.6cm ease at the hip was developed and a pants pattern (pants B) was developed using the rates of lower body girth change with a 5.7cm ease (8% change) at the waist and 7cm ease (7% change) at the hip. The appearance assessment items of pants A in a standing posture were higher than pants B. On the other hand, most appearance assessment items of pants B in a sitting posture were higher than pants A, especially the ease of pants back waistline and the appearance of the whole back. Comfort assessment items of pants B in both standing and sitting postures were higher than the comfort assessment items for pants A, especially the location of pants waistline, the ease of pants at the waistline, and the ease at the abdomen. In order to find the best level of ease for better appearance and comfort in both standing and sitting postures, 20 pants were constructed with ease values at the waist and hip in increments of 1.1cm in the range between the ease values of pants A and pants B. A fit test was conducted to compare the average appearance and comfort ratings that identified the pants with the best ease values at the waist and hip. The highest total mean was achieved in the pants with a waist ease of 4.6cm and hip ease of 4.8cm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.6 s.165
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• pp.923-932
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• 2007

This research examines current viewpoints on modesty and immodesty in dress from a cross-cultural perspective. The purposes of this study was to explore the concept of modesty and to find out sub-variables of modesty, and the similarities and differences of modesty between two cultures. This qualitative interview study of 58 female college students in America and 36 in Korea examines attitudes about modesty. The data collection was performed in America and Korea simultaneously in Feb. 2004. According to the results of this study, the concept of modesty had 4 sub-variables such as covering up, appropriateness, drawing attention from others, and conservativeness. Both American and Korean students mentioned that time and place are closely related with modesty and that modesty was related with gender. Also cultural differences were existed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.918-927
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• 2008

The purpose of this research was to identify the dimensions of modesty and immodesty in dress and to examine the differences in female college students' perceptions, in various cultures, of modest and immodest clothes. The researchers selected South Korea and the United States for the cross-cultural comparison study because these two countries show distinctive cultural characteristics. This study was conducted through both qualitative and quantitative methods. According to the result of the preliminary study, 47 questions were developed. The 4 Likert type scales used in the questionnaire were written in both English and Korean. Pretests were performed simultaneously in both countries. 174 American and 208 Korean students completed the questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS. According to the results of factor analysis, there were 4 factors identified for the modesty-immodesty concept, including 'Conservativeness', 'Body exposure', 'Social appropriateness', and 'Attracting attention from others'. Students answered that they liked to wear conservative and socially appropriate dress in both cultures and that they did not like to wear clothing which draws a great deal of attention to them. Cultural differences were also identified. Based on the results, American students dressed more conservatively than Korean students, while Korean students preferred to wear revealing dress. American students were more conservative and preferred modest clothing. Also Korean students were more open about their body exposure and had immodest clothing attitudes.