• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.499-511
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• 2005

This study was performed to determine the effects of genetic polymorphisms, such as glutathione S-transferase ${\mu}1(GSTM1)$, glutathione S-transferase ${\Theta}1\;(GSTM1)$, glutathione S-transferase ${\pi}l (GSTP1)$, aryl hydrocarbon N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2), cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1), cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) on the concentrations of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and 2-naphthol in general population with no occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Study subjects were 257 men who visited a health promotion center in Susan. A questionnaire was used to obtain detailed data about age, smoking, drinking, body fat mass, intake of fat etc. Urinary l-OHP and 2-naphthol concentration were analyzed by HPLC system with a fluorescence detector. A multiplex PCR method was used to identify the genotypes for GSTM1 and GSTT1. The polymorphisms of GSTP1, NAT2, CYP1A1 and CYP2E1 were determined by the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Urinary 1-OHP concentration was higher in deleted genotype of GSTM1, increased as smoking and alcohol drinking increased. Urinary 2-naphthol concentration was also rely on the age and smoking. Neither genetic polymorphism nor drinking-related factors were significantly related to urinary 2-naphthol concentration. No significant relation was found between physical characteristics and concentrations of urinary PAHs metabolites in the subjects, but the geometric mean of urinary 1-OHP and 2-naphthol was higher in the group with higher value compared to median value. These data suggest that in general population occupationally not exposed to PAHs, urinary concentration of PAHs metabolites is influenced by smoking, alcohol drinking and deleted genotype of GSTM1 in 1-OHP and smoking in 2-naphthol.

• ALGAE
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.265-274
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• 2015

Thorea indica sp. nov. is described from the Sai River, Uttar Pradesh, India (26°39′00.7″ N, 80°47′38.3″ E). Its classification is based on molecular sequences of the plastid-encoded RuBisCO large-subunit gene, rbcL and the barcode region of the mitochondrial encoded cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, cox1, and morphological data. The sequence analyses confirm a new species of Thorea. The cox1 barcode sequence had 90.4-90.8% identity with Thorea sp. from Australia and Thorea hispida from Hawaii and China. Based on rbcL sequences the Indian specimen was positioned in a major clade with high support (>95 bootstrap and 0.95 posterior probability) containing two other species: T. okadae from Japan and T. hispida from the continental USA, Hawaii, the UK, and China. The divergences among these sequences were T. indica vs. T. okadae (2.8%) and T. indica vs. T. hispida (2.9-3.4%). The comparison of morphological characters of Thorea from India was not conclusive due to the inadequate descriptions in previous reports: most specimens reported as T. hispida fit within the circumscription of T. indica as described here. The previous report of T. siamensis from the Sai River is incorrect and the specimens fit within our description of T. indica. Thorea indica and T. okadae can be distinguished by minor morphometric characters and sexuality (dioecious vs. monoecious).

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.191-198
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• 2007

A total of 205 larval gnathostomes were collected from 18 (22.5%) of 80 red banded odd-tooth snakes, Dinodon rufozonatum rufozonatum, which had been smuggled from China and confiscated at Customs in Susan, Republic of Korea. In order to identify the species, some of the larvae were observed by a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The larvae were $2.18{\times}0.29mm$ in average size, and had a pair of lips at the anterior end, a muscular esophagus, 2 pairs of cervical sacs, and brownish intestines. The head bulb was characteristically equipped with 4 rows of hooklets; the average number of hooklets in each respective row was 38.6, 40.5, 41.5, and 43.7. In SEM views, the mouth evidenced a pair of lateral lips of equal size in a half-moon shape. Each lip featured a couple of labial papillae and a small amphid located between the 2 papillae. The hooklets on the head bulb had single-pointed, posteriorly-curved tips. The cuticular spines were larger and more densely distributed on the anterior part of the body, and decreased gradually in size and number toward the posterior body. On the basis of these morphological characteristics, the larvae were identified as the third stage larvae of Gnathostoma hispidum.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6491-6499
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• 2015

Background: Red-fleshed sweet orange juice (ROJ) comes from a new variety of citrus cultivated in Brazil that contains high levels of ${\beta}$-carotene and lycopene, and similar amounts of hesperidin (HSP) and nutrients, equivalently to blond orange juice (BOJ). Such bioactive compounds are associated with chemopreventive actions in several cancer cell lines. The purpose of this study was to examine the cytotoxicity, cell cycle, apoptosis, and cytokine secretion after BOJ, ROJ, and HSP treatment of a novel T acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line, Loucy. Materials and Methods: Loucy cells were incubated for 24-h with BOJ, ROJ, and HSP, and the viability was measured using trypan blue. Cell cycling and apoptosis were assessed by propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V-FITC/PI flow cytometry, respectively. Secretion of cytokines $IL-1{\alpha}$, $IL1-{\beta}$, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, $IFN{\gamma}$, $TNF{\alpha}$, $TGF{\beta}$, $MIP{\alpha}$, and $MIP{\beta}$ was determined by ELISA array. Results: BOJ and ROJ treatments promoted Loucy cell cytotoxicity. Additionally, BOJ induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, and decreased the cell accumulation in the G2/M. ROJ decreased only the G0/G1 fraction, while HSP did not change the cell cycle. BOJ led to apoptosis in a different fashion of ROJ, while the first treatment induced apoptosis by increase of late apoptosis and primary necrotic fractions, the second increased early and late apoptosis, and primary necrotic fraction compared to positive controls. HSP had no effect on apoptosis. IL-6 and IL-10 were abrogated by all treatments. Conclusions: Taking together, these results suggest potential chemopreventive effects of BOJ and ROJ on Loucy cells.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1687-1692
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• 2012

Background: Few studies have examined theoretically informed constructs related to hepatitis B (HBV) testing, and comparisons across studies are challenging due to lack of uniformity in constructs assessed. The present analysis examined relationships among Health Behavior Framework factors across four Asian American groups to advance the development of theory-based interventions for HBV testing in at-risk populations. Methods: Data were collected from 2007-2010 as part of baseline surveys during four intervention trials promoting HBV testing among Vietnamese-, Hmong-, Korean- and Cambodian-Americans (n = 1,735). Health Behavior Framework constructs assessed included: awareness of HBV, knowledge of transmission routes, perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, doctor recommendation, stigma of HBV infection, and perceived efficacy of testing. Within each group we assessed associations between our intermediate outcome of knowledge of HBV transmission and other constructs, to assess the concurrent validity of our model and instruments. Results: While the absolute levels for Health Behavior Framework factors varied across groups, relationships between knowledge and other factors were generally consistent. This suggests similarities rather than differences with respect to posited drivers of HBV-related behavior. Discussion: Our findings indicate that Health Behavior Framework constructs are applicable to diverse ethnic groups and provide preliminary evidence for the construct validity of the Health Behavior Framework.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.163-163
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• 2017

A deletion analysis of the Oryza sativa dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR) promoter defined a 25 bp region (-386 to -362) sufficient to confer pericarp-specific expression of ${\beta}$ -glucuronidase(GUS) reporter gene in transgenic rice. Site-specific mutagenesis of these conserved sequences and subsequent expression analysis in calli which transiently expressed the mutated promoter::GUS gene showed that both bHLH (-386 to -381) and Myb (-368 to -362) binding sites in the DEL3 (-440 to 70) promoter were necessary for complete expression of the GUS gene including the tissue-specific expression of DFR::GUS gene. The GUS gene was expressed well in the mutated Myb (-368 to -362) binding site, but not as strong as in normal condition, implying that the Myb is also necessary to express GUS gene fully. Also, we found the non-epistatic relation between Rc and DFR. There were no changes of expression patterns GUS under the Rc and rc genotypes. Thus, DFR expression might be independent of the presence of functional Rc gene and suggested that Rc and Rd (DFR) share the same pathway controlling the regulation of flavonoid synthesis but not a direct positive transcriptional regulator of DFR gene.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.367-374
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• 2018

Background This analysis presents patient-reported outcomes of breast augmentation procedures performed in Singapore using an inframammary fold incision and the "5 Ps" best practice principles for breast augmentation. These data are the first of their kind in Southeast Asian patients. Methods Through a retrospective chart review, patients who underwent primary breast augmentation with anatomical form-stable silicone gel breast implants using an inframammary fold incision were followed for ${\geq}6$ months postoperatively. The BREAST-Q Augmentation Module (scores standardized to 0 [worst] - 100 [best]) and Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS; 1 [normal skin] to 10 [worst scar imaginable]) were administered. Responses were summarized using descriptive statistics. Patient-reported events were collected. Results Twenty-two Southeast Asian patients (mean age, 35.1 years) completed ${\geq}1$ postoperative BREAST-Q and POSAS assessment and were assessed 11 months to 5.5 years postoperatively. The mean postoperative BREAST-Q satisfaction with breasts and psychosocial well-being scores were 69.2 and 84.0, respectively. The mean POSAS score for their overall opinion of the scar was 4.2; the mean scores for all scar characteristics ranged from 1.2 to 4.2. Over 90% of patients (20/22) said that they would recommend the procedure. Patient complaints following surgery included anisomastia (possibly pre-existing; n=2), sensory loss at the nipple (n=2) or around the nipple (n=3), scarring (n=4), and slight capsular contracture (n=1). No patients required reoperation. Conclusions Southeast Asian patients reported high long-term satisfaction scores on the BREAST-Q scale and with their scar characteristics following breast augmentation using an inframammary fold incision, and nearly all said they would recommend this procedure. No reoperations were necessary in patients assessed for up to 5.5 years postoperatively.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.119-146
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• 2009

Objectives : In this study, patients with tic disorders who visited an Oriental medicine clinic were examined for their demographic characteristics, characteristics of symptoms, relation to Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) and peculiarity according to various variables such as motor and vocal tics. Methods : After surveying 292 patients who visited an Oriental medicine clinic with tic symptoms as main complaints for 17 months, SAS 9.1, a statistical program was used for statistical analysis. Results : 1. The BMI of male tic patients was significantly higher than female ones and it was similar to or higher than the normal group. 2. Patients who are eldest children were 1.7 times higher than those who are not eldest ones. 3. The most usual case of motor tics was the eye blink and the most one of vocal tics was a dry cough. 4. There was no significant difference between male and female patients for all symptoms of motor and vocal tics, but male patients had significantly more obsessions related to tics than female ones. 5. There was no significant difference in the age of initial occurrence of Transient tic disorder(TTD), Chronic tic disoder(CTD) and Tourette's disorder(TD). 6. For the general disorder of a tic and Conners' ADHD rating scale, there was no significance in TTD, CTD and TD. 7. 66% out of the total subjects of 197 cases were found to score more than 65 points in more than 1 items among 8 items such as the time, hearing, wrong alarm, mean response time and standard deviation in the response time, etc. of the ADHD diagnosis system(ADS). 8. The eye blink among motor tics was shown mainly by patients under 10 years old and the frown, movement of the head, shrug and movement of the arms were shown mainly by 11-19 years old patients. Conclusions : For the number, frequency, seriousness and inconvenience in life of tics, TD showed a significantly higher result than TTD and CTD.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.139-144
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• 2011

The present study was performed to estimate the seroprevalence of larval Anisakis simplex infection among the residents health-examined in 3 hospitals in southern parts of Korea. A total of 498 serum samples (1 serum per person) were collected in 3 hospitals in Susan Metropolitan city, Masan city, and Geoje city in Gyeongsangnam-do (Province) and were examined by IgE-ELISA and IgE-western blotting with larval A. simplex crude extract and excretory-secretory products (ESP). The prevalence of antibody positivity was 5.0% and 6.6% with ELISA against crude extracts and ESP, respectively. It was also revealed that infection occurred throughout all age groups and higher in females than in males. A specific protein band of 130 kDa was detected from 10 patients with western blot analysis against crude extract and ESP among those who showed positive results by ELISA. Our study showed for the first time the seroprevalence of anisakiasis in Korea. The allergen of 130 kDa can be a candidate for serologic diagnosis of anisakiasis.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.sup
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• pp.39-49
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• 2007

본 논문은 미국 의학연구소(US Institute of Medicine, IOM)와 미국 농무성의 식이지침 자문위원회(USDA Advisory Committee on Dietary Guidelines, DG)에서 발표한 권위 있는 종설 들과 미국 영양사협회 학술지를 포함하여 여러 학술지에 발표된 의미 있는 종설 들의 내용을 종합한 것으로 일부의 내용은 그들의 의견을 그대로 반영하였다. 당은 단당류와 이당류를 말하며 당에는 포도당, 과당, 갈락토오즈, 맥아당, 서당과 유당이 포함된다. 당의 식품급원으로는 고과당 옥수수시럽, 사탕수수, 꿀, 사탕수수, 맥아시럽 등이 있다. 당은 미국 식약청에서 일반적으로 안전하다고 인식(generally recognized as safe, GRAS)되고 있다. 당은 에너지를 공급하며, 정신적인 만족감을 부여하는 기능을 가지고 있다. 대부분의 과일과 유제품은 당을 많이 함유하고 있으며, 건강한 식사를 구성하는 식품으로 섭취되고 있다. 당은 또한 조리와 가공과정에서 식품의 맛과 기능적인 면을 향상시키기 위해 첨가되기도 한다. 당은 영양밀도가 높은 식품/음료의 기호성(palatability)를 향상시키므로, 감미료들은 건강한 식사가 되도록 도와줄 수 있다. 그러나 첨가당의 섭취가 증가되면 식사의 영양밀도가 감소하는 가능성에 대한 우려가 있다. 여러 연구에 의하면 첨가당의 섭취가 총 열량 섭취의 25% 이상이 되면 식품의 영양밀도 감소가 나타날 수 있다고 보고하고 있다. 한국에서 추정된 당의 섭취량은 이것보다는 매우 낮은 수준이다. 선진국들에서 당의 섭취가 건강에 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있다는 가능성에 대해서는 많은 논란이 되고 있다. 그러나 적절한 양을 섭취하는 범위에서 당의 섭취 자체만으로는 비만, 당뇨병, 대사증후군과 고콜레스테롤혈증의 위험이 증가되지 않는다는 과학적인 연구보고들이 있다. 그러므로 IOM은 "여러 자료에 근거하여, 충치, 행동적인 문제, 암, 비만의 위험성과 고지혈증의 위험성에 있어서 총 당과 첨가당에 대한 상한섭취량(tolerable upper limit)을 설정하는 것에 대한 증거가 불충분하다"고 결론을 내리고 있다.