• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.487-493
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: D. candidum is a traditional Chinese food or medicine widely used in Asia. There has been little research into the anticancer effects of D. candidum, particularly the effects in colon cancer cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the anticancer effects of D. candidum in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS/METHODS: The in vitro anti-cancer effects on HCT-116 colon cancer cells and in vivo anti-metastatic effects of DCME (Dendrobium canidum methanolic extract) were examined using the experimental methods of MTT assay, DAPI staining, flow cytometry analysis, RT-PCR, and Western blot analysis. RESULTS: At a concentration of 1.0 mg/mL, DCME inhibited the growth of HCT-116 cells by 84%, which was higher than at concentrations of 0.5 and 0.25 mg/mL. Chromatin condensation and formation of apoptotic bodies were observed in cancer cells cultured with DCME as well. In addition, DCME induced significant apoptosis in cancer cells by upregulation of Bax, caspase 9, and caspase 3, and downregulation of Bcl-2. Expression of genes commonly associated with inflammation, NF-${\kappa}B$, iNOS, and COX-2, was significantly downregulated by DCME. DCME also exerted an anti-metastasis effect on cancer cells as demonstrated by decreased expression of MMP genes and increased expression of TIMPs, which was confirmed by the inhibition of induced tumor metastasis in colon 26-M3.1 cells in BALB/c mice. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that D. candidum had a potent in vitro anti-cancer effect, induced apoptosis, exhibited anti-inflammatory activities, and exerted in vivo anti-metastatic effects.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.417-428
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• 2017

Diseases caused by foodborne or waterborne pathogens are emerging. Many pathogens can enter into the viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state, which is a survival strategy when exposed to harsh environmental stresses. Pathogens in the VBNC state have the ability to evade conventional microbiological detection methods, posing a significant and potential health risk. Therefore, controlling VBNC bacteria in food processing and the environment is of great importance. As the typical one of the gram-negatives, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a widespread foodborne and waterborne pathogenic bacterium and is able to enter into a VBNC state in extreme conditions (similar to the other gram-negative bacteria), including inducing factors and resuscitation stimulus. VBNC E. coli has the ability to recover both culturability and pathogenicity, which may bring potential health risk. This review describes the concrete factors (nonthermal treatment, chemical agents, and environmental factors) that induce E. coli into the VBNC state, the condition or stimulus required for resuscitation of VBNC E. coli, and the methods for detecting VBNC E. coli. Furthermore, the mechanism of genes and proteins involved in the VBNC E. coli is also discussed in this review.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.565-571
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• 2016

Paeoniflorin (PAE) is the most abundant compound in Xuebijing injection widely used to treat sepsis. We aimed to investigate effect of PAE on expression of soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in a rat model of sepsis. Wistar rats were divided into Normal, Model, and PAE groups (n=20 each). Endotoxin was administrated at 5 mg/ml/kg in Model and PAE rats to establish rat sepsis model. 1 h after endotoxin administration, PAE was administrated at 4 ml/kg in PAE group once per day for 3 days. Routine blood tests and biochemical indexes were assessed, including aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB). The plasma sTREM-1 level was measured using quantitative ELISA. At the end of experiment, the small intestine, liver, kidney and lung were subjected to pathological examinations. A rat model of sepsis-induced multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) was established successfully with endotoxin administration (5 mg/ml/kg), evidenced by histo-pathological examinations, routine blood tests and biochemical indexes: platelet count decreased and white blood cell count increased (p<0.05), CK-MB and AST increased (p<0.05). PAE treatment significantly reduced the plasma levels of AST, CK-MB, and sTREM-1, compared to Model group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, sepsis-induced damages in the liver, lung, stomach and intestinal mucosa were also markedly ameliorated by PAE treatment. PAE demonstrated a significantly protective effect in a rat model of sepsis by decreasing plasma sTREM-1 level, reducing inflammation, preventing MODS and protecting organ functions.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.221-232
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• 2008

Objectives : The study was performed to evaluate the effect of treatment for spondylolisthesis by using electroacupuncture at Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue is located about 0.5Cun(寸) at both sides of spinous process of each vertebra. Methods : This clinical study was carried out 5 case with spondylolisthesis, who had bean treated from December, 2006 to November, 2007, in the department of acupuncture and moxibustion, Dongshin University Oriental Medical Hospital. We treated the patient who was diagnosed as spondylolisthesis by simple X-ray or MRI. Results : 1. Degenerative type is 3 cases, and isthmic type is 2 cases. 2. In the distribution of injured level was between 4-5th lumbar vertebra the most(3 cases). 3. The improvement index showed 0.29, 0.56, 0.43 points in degerative type, and 0.39, 0.36 points in isthmic type. 4. Therapeutic efforts above "good" by Kim's criteria was 4 cases. 5. Good improvement was showed in VAS about average 3.4. Conclusions : There was reports about Hua-Tuo-Jia-Ji-Xue electronic acupuncture treatment of patients with spondylolisthesis. It is very effective to improve condition of patients with spondylolisthesis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.113-125
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• 2007

Objectives : This research was performed to investigate the effect of herbal acupuncture(Raphanus sativus) at Bisu($BL_{20}$) on weight gain, food intake, food efficiency, serum of lipid concentrations, liver function and HDL to total cholesterol ratio of rats fed high fat diet for 5weeks. Methods : Experimental groups were divided into high fat diet group(Control), high fat diet and saline in $BL_{20}$ treated group(Saline), high fat diet and Raphanus sativus-herbal acupuncture in $BL_{20}$ treated group(RHA-1, 0.058mg/ml/g), high fat diet and Raphanus sativus-herbal acupuncture in $BL_{20}$ treated group(RHA-2, 0.029mg/ml/g), high fat diet and Raphanus sativus-herbal acupuncture in $BL_{20}$ treated group(RHA-3, 0.011mg/ml/g), Herbal acupuncture was bilaterally treated at 0.2cc per 4days, total 14 times in 56days. Results : Body weight and food efficiency were decreased in saline, RHA-1, RHA-2. Feed intake was increased in saline, RHA-1, RHA- 2, RHA- 3. The level of serum total cholesterol was decreased in saline, RHA-1. The level of serum HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol were not significant. The level of serum triglyceride, Total Bilirubin were decreased in saline, RHA-1, RHA-2, RHA-3.The level of serum AST was decreased in RHA-1. But the level of serum ALT was increased in RHA-1. The level of atherogenic index was decreased in saline, RHA-1. The level of HTR was increased in saline, RHA-1. Conclusions : Raphanus sativus-herbal acupuncture in Bisu($BL_{20}$) can control body weight, feed intake and feed efficency ratio, total cholesterol, total bilirubin, and prevention cardiovascular risk.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.5713-5718
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• 2013

Background: DNA methyltransferase-3a (DNMT3a) plays significant roles in embryogenesis and the generation of aberrant methylation in carcinogenesis. This study aimed to investigate associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the DNMT3a gene and risk of Helicobacter pylori infection, gastric atrophy and gastric cancer. Methods: The subjects comprised 447 patients with gastric cancer; 111 individuals with gastric atrophy and 961 healthy controls. Two SNPs (rs1550117 and rs13420827) of the DNMT3a gene were genotyped by Taqman assay. DNMT3a expression was analyzed in cancer tissues from 89 patients by tissue microarray technique. Odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among healthy controls, risk of H.pylori infection was significantly higher in subjects with the rs1550117 AA genotype, compared to those with GG/AG genotypes of DNMT3a [OR=2.08, (95%CI: 1.02-4.32)]. However, no significant correlation was found between the two SNPs and risk of developing gastric atrophy or gastric cancer. In addition, no increase in DNMT3a expression was observed in the gastric cancer with H.pylori infection. Conclusions: This study revealed that DNMT3a rs1550117 polymorphism is significantly associated with an increased risk of H. pylori infection, but did not support any evidence for contributions of DNMT3a rs1550117 and rs13420827 to either gastric atrophy or gastric cancer. The biological roles of DNMT3a polymorphisms require further investigation.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.55-66
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of $SP_6$ moxibustion on the primary dysmenorrhea. Methods : The data was collected from subjects who was suffering for dysmenorrhea. The subjects were employed using Measure of Menstrual Pain(MMP) and Menstrual Symptom Severity List(MSSL) questionnaire. We treated the subjects with $SP_6$ moxibustion and measured Skin Resistance Variability(SRV) before and after treatment. The method of analysing data was paired t-test. Results : 1. $SP_6$ moxibustion produced a significant decrease in symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. Results : 2. The SRV of 2, 3 area was significanltly changed after $SP_6$ moxibustion. Conclusions : $SP_6$ moxibustion was effective in decreasing the symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea. The SRV results suggest that women with primary dysmenorrhea may have organic energy deficiency and functional abnormality of the hypothalamus-hypophysis-ovarian axis.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.569-583
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• 2015

Recent years, explosive welding structures have been widely used in many engineering fields. The bonding state detection of explosive welding structures is significant to prevent unscheduled failures and even catastrophic accidents. However, this task still faces challenges due to the complexity of the bonding interface. In this paper, a new method called dual-tree complex wavelet transform based permutation entropy (DTCWT-PE) is proposed to detect bonding state of such structures. Benefiting from the complex analytical wavelet function, the dual-tree complex wavelet transform (DTCWT) has better shift invariance and reduced spectral aliasing compared with the traditional wavelet transform. All those characters are good for characterizing the vibration response signals. Furthermore, as a statistical measure, permutation entropy (PE) quantifies the complexity of non-stationary signals through phase space reconstruction, and thus it can be used as a viable tool to detect the change of bonding state. In order to more accurate identification and detection of bonding state, PE values derived from DTCWT coefficients are proposed to extract the state information from the vibration response signal of explosive welding structure, and then the extracted PE values serve as input vectors of support vector machine (SVM) to identify the bonding state of the structure. The experiments on bonding state detection of explosive welding pipes are presented to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.67-79
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• 2012

Objectives : We investigate to identify the satisfaction degree of patients by traffic accident(TA) for improving the quality of services and fortifying the competitiveness of Korean medical hospital on TA patients. Methods : The survey used by preceding articles was accepted for assessment of the satisfaction degree of patients in this study. All data were coded by SPSS v18.0 and analyzed by descriptive maneuver, ${\chi}^2$-test, T-test and correlation. Results : According to the survey, 84% of patients included this study were hospitalized in the Korean medical hospital within 2 weeks from TA and 92.3% were satisfied with the current medical service. The answer that Korean medicine is superior to western medicine for TA treatment was the main reason for selecting Korean medical hospital. 35.1% of patients satisfied Chuna treatment and 42.9% unsatisfied herbal medicine. There were no differences in the satisfaction degree with sex, age, education and occupation. The satisfaction degree of the current Korean medical service was significantly correlated with doctor's service, use the procedure and reuse intention. Conclusions : It is necessary to develop and to apply the customer satisfaction program for the Korean medicine hospital on TA patients.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report a clinical progress of treatment of fibromyalgia through Traditional Korean medicine treatment. A patient was diagnosed with fibromyalgia by clinical correlation on 2009 in Jeonnam university hospital, he had multi sited pain and severe muscle spasm. Methods : Between 27th march 2014 and 15th April 2014, he was treated with acupuncture, cupping, electro-acupuncture and chuna therapy every day and observed by visual analogue scale and assessment about number of pain site and square of pain. Results : After treated by using above treatment, VAS and assessment about number of pain site and square of pain were improved. Conclusions : Chuna therapy and other Traditional Korean medicine treatment are estimated to be good for fibromyalgia. But more cases are required to prove the effectiveness of chuna therapy on fibromyalgia.