• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2009

This study was performed to develop a nondestructive determination technology for sugar content in sweet persimmons, and the main research results included the following. In order to determine sugar content in sweet persimmons, a dual side reflex was adopted, and the study was to measure sugar content using a reflectance spectrum for 2 parts because it was difficult to determine representative sugar content due to a great deviation in sugar content according to the part of sweet persimmons. To predict sugar contents of sweet persimmon, PLSR and PCR models were compared with a few preprocess methods. As a result, PLSR had $R^2$=0.67, SEP=0.42 brix, LV=11, and PCR had $R^2$=0.65, SEP=0.41 brix, PC=16. SNV method was the best among preprocess methods for predicting sugar contents.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.483-494
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• 1996

The objectives of this study are to estimate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and to identify risk factors associated with fasting blood sugar in a rural adult population. We carried out a cross - sectional study on the residents over 30-year old. Among the 1077 eligible subjects, 725 persons responded to the study;the study consisted of interview on family and past history of DM, anthropometry, blood pressure, and blood sugar level in each subjects. Only 707 subjects of 725 participants had fasting blood sugar(FBS) examined and the rest, 18 subjects were had casual blood sugar examined due to failure of fasting over 8 - hour. When subjects had $FBS\geq140mg/dl$, 2 hours postprandial blood sugar level was checked after 75g oral glucose loading. The prevalence of DM was 8.9%, and age standarized prevalence rate adjusted to Korean population of 1995 was 5.8%. Mean and SD of fasting blood sugar in men was $99.8{\pm}22.6$, and in women was $111.5{\pm}29.9$. Mean levels of fasting blood sugar were significantly higher in women than in man and as their ages advanced the prevalences increased in both sexes. PP2 blood sugar levels were significantly higher in elder age and in persons with higher FBS levels than others. The risk factors associated with FBS were past history of diabetes, sex, socioeconomic status and waist - to - hip circumference ratio;the risk of diabetes was increased in female, people with past DM history, central obesity and low socioeconomic state. The low socioeconomic status associated with DM in this study, which is different from other study results, should be pursued in further studies.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2013

The hypothesis of this study was that greater sugar consumption at breakfast promotes a stronger sensation of hunger and a later increase in energy consumption. The objective was to assess the relation between sugar consumption in a meal and the subsequent sensations of hunger and ad libitum food consumption. Sixteen women consumed a breakfast accompanied by 2 drinks sweetened ad libitum with sugar. After 3 h, a lunch was offered to evaluate ad libitum food consumption. During the period from breakfast to lunch, hunger sensations were evaluated at 30 min intervals. Women were divided according to the median amount of sugar used to sweeten the breakfast drinks (20 g). The group who consumed sugar above the median showed a greater hunger sensation in the preprandial period, and a greater ad libitum intake at lunch ($390{\pm}130g{\times}256{\pm}67g$, P = 0.002), compared to the group who had a lower sugar consumption. The amount of sugar consumed at breakfast was correlated positively with the sensation of preprandial hunger and food intake at lunch. We concluded that foods with a high glycemic index can modulate the appetite within a short period of time.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.163-172
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• 2017

In order to investigate the quality characteristics of Prunus persica Batsch var. davidiana Max. preserved in sugar, the quality characteristics were examined by dividing them into four groups: PS-A (P. persica preserved in sugar mixed with sucrose and oligosaccharides at a ratio of 100:0, w/w), PS-B (P. persica preserved in sugar mixed with sucrose and oligosaccharides at a ratio of 60:40, w/w), PS-C (P. persica preserved in sugar mixed with sucrose and oligosaccharides at a ratio of 40:60, w/w) and PS-D (P. persica preserved in sugar mixed with sucrose and oligosaccharides at a ratio of 0:100, w/w). The results were as follows: pH levels and soluble solid contents of PS-D sample were lower than those of the others, however total acidity value were higher. In case of Hunter's value, the 'L', 'a' and 'b' values of all samples were affected by addition of oligosaccharides. No great difference occurred among samples in reducing sugar contents. Organic acid content was significantly decreased with the lower addition of sucrose. The predominating organic acid components analyzed in all samples were lactic acid 156.15 g/100 g, tartaric acid 72.75 g/100 g and citric acid 32.90 g/100 g. The highest contents of total phenol and flavonoid, and DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity were $10.79{\pm}0.55mg\;GAE/mL$, $8.71{\pm}0.06mg\;CE/mL$ and 71.8%, 71.0% for PS-D, respectively. The results of this study indicated the use of oligosaccharides could increase the quality and antioxidant potentials of P. persica preserved in sugar.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.300-304
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• 1991

외국으로부터 수집한 당과작물의 생육특성을 조사하여 생물에너지 자원으로 이용 가능성을 검토하고자 1986～1988년에 걸쳐 경남 진주에서 실시한 시험결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 단수수는 1988년 5월 20일 파종에서 공시품종들의 파종으로부터 출수까지의 일수는 70～l18일 이었다. 경의 당도는 6.0～l4.0%이었고, 생체중은 10a당 4～15t이었다. s-1은 재배기간 2회까지 예취가 가능하였다. 2. 사탕무는 수확까지 생엽을 유지하였고, 근중은 3.542～6,397kg/10a이었으며, 근의 당도는 9.2 ～ 19.8%이었다 3. 사방수수는 10월하순까지 생장을 계속하였고, 그 후는 생장이 정지되었다. 경의 당도는 13.2 ～ 16.1%이었다 4. 단수수의 파종기별 생육량은 조파할수록 많았고, 경의 당도도 높았다 5. 단수수의 착즙액으로 부터 alcohol 수득량은 10a당 186$\ell$까지 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.107-117
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• 1995

This study was undertaken to investigate the dietary behavior and sugar intake of korean school children. The subject were 131 school lunch program children and 149 non school lunch program children lived in Soung Nam city. Sugar intake, food intake, dietary behavior and anthropometric measurement were studied through personal interview using 24-hour recall dietary data and records. Total daily energy and nutrient intake of children were higher than RDAs except for intake of Calcium and vitamin A. The nutrients intake of school lunch program children were significantly higher than that of non school lunch program children (p<0.05). The range of daily sugar intake was 10 g to 220 g and the total daily sugar intake was $63.0{\pm}37.4\;g$. Sugar intake of school lunch program children ($51.4{\pm}25.7\;g$) was significantly lower than non school lunch program children ($73.1{\pm}42.9\;g$) (p<0.0001). The more sugar intake increase more intake of Energy, Fat and Carbohydrate. The result of stepwise multiple regression analysis using the sugar intake of children as dependent variable, energy, vitamin $B_2$, protein, niacin, calcium school lunch program, education of fathers are significant explanatory variables, explaining 44.8% of variation. Result of this study suggest that school lunch program is desirable for good dietary behavior and decreation of sugar intake of school children.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.770-775
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• 2000

Several process parameters were studied to ascertain the effect on degradation of sugar cane bagasse in relation to the production of cellulase enzyme and reducing sugars by Solid Substrate Fermentation (SSF) and Submerged Culture Fermentation (SCF) of Aspergillus terreus SUK-1. The effect of air-flow rate (0-1.3 v/v/m), of different ratios of substrate weight to liquid volume (1:6, 1:10, 1:20, and 1:30 w/v, g/ml), scale-up effect (10, 20, and 100 times of 1:10 ration, w/v) and the effect of temperature (30, 40, 50, and $60^{\circ}C$) in SSF were studied. Air-flow rate of 1.0 v/v/m gave the highest enzyme activity (FPase 0.25 IU/ml, CMCase 1.24 IU/ml) and reducing sugars concentration (0.72 mg/ml). Experiment using 1:10 ratio (w/v) was found to support maximum cellulase activity (FPase 0.58 IU/ml, CMCase 1.97 IU/ml) and reducing sugar concentration (1.23 mg/ml). Scaling-up the ratio of 1:10(w/v) by a factor of 20 gave the highest cellulase activity (FPase 0.71 IU/ml, CMCase 2.25 IU/ml) and reducing sugar concentration (3.67 mg/ml). The optimum temperature for cellulase activity and reducing sugar production was $50^{\circ}C$(FPase 0.792 IU/ml, CMCase 2.25 IU/ml and 3.85 mg/ml for reducing sugar concentration). For SCF, the activity of cellulase enzyme and reducing sugar concentration was found to be lower than that obtained for SSF. The highest cellulase activity obtained in SCF was 50% lower than the highest cellulase activity in SSF, while for reducing sugar concentration, the highest concentration obtained in SCF was 90% lower than that obtained in SSF.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Excessive sugar consumption may increase the risk for development of several diseases. Although average dietary sugar intake of Koreans is within the recommended level, an increasing trend has been found in all age groups. This study aimed to evaluate the population attributable fractions (PAF) to dietary sugar for disease and death in Korea, and to estimate the socioeconomic effects of a reduction in dietary sugar. MATERIALS/METHODS: The prevalence of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) overconsumption (${\geq}20g$ of sugar from beverages) was analyzed using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015. Disease-specific relative risks of excessive SSB consumption were obtained through reviewing previous studies. Using the prevalence of SSB overconsumption and each relative risk, PAFs for morbidity and mortality were calculated. Socioeconomic costs of diseases and death attributable to SSB overconsumption were estimated by using representative data on national medical expenditures, health insurance statistics, employment information, and previous reports. RESULTS: Disease-specific PAF to SSB consumption ranged from 3.11% for stroke to 9.05% for obesity and dental caries, respectively. Costs from disease caused by SSB overconsumption was estimated at 594 billion won in 2015. About 39 billion won was estimated to be from SSB consumption-related deaths, and a total of 633 billion won was predicted to have been saved through preventing SSB overconsumption. CONCLUSIONS: Sugars overconsumption causes considerable public burdens, although the cost estimates do not include any informal expenditure. Information on these socioeconomic effects helps both health professionals and policy makers to create and to implement programs for reducing sugar consumption.

• 식품과학과 산업
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.375-386
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• 2019

식품에서 탄수화물은 우리 몸에 열량을 주는 역할 외에도 맛을 부여하는 중요한 기능을 한다. 그러나 열량의 과잉 섭취로 인한 비만과 그로 인한 질병들로 인하여 저열량 탄수화물 소재에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 폴리덱스트로스와 당알코올은 각각 2.0 kcal/g, 2.4 kcal/g의 열량을 가지므로 식품 내의 다른 탄수화물을 대체하여 사용하면 그만큼 열량을 줄일 수 있는 소재이다. 폴리덱스트로스는 저열량 소재라는 장점 이외에도 식이섬유원으로 널리 사용될 수 있어 열량을 줄임과 동시에 식이섬유를 보충할 수 있다. 당알코올은 설탕을 대체할 수 있는 감미를 가지면서도 당류에서 제외됨으로써 정부의 당류 저감 정책에 부합할 수 있는 소재이다. 또한 폴리덱스트로스와 당알코올은 열이나 산 등에 쉽해 분해되지 않고 안정한 특성이 있어 식품제조공정에 영향을 받지 않고 사용할 수 있다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.310-315
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• 2009

The partitioning behavior of the five printing ink solvents in nine lab-made cookies with various sugar and water content at 25${^{\circ}C}$ was studied to find out the presence and effects of interaction between the two ingredients on partitioning behavior in cookies. Solvents were ethyl acetate, hexane, isopropanol, methyl ethyl ketone and hexane. It was observed that the partition coefficient (the solvent concentration in food compared to that in air, Kp) decreased as sugar increased in all case and increased as water content increased for all compounds except toluene. Statistical analysis by the F-test method was used to determine the significance of sugar-water interactions, as well as other single factors on partitioning behavior of each solvent. Sugar content alone had no significant effects, but the crystallinity of sugar, as changed by water content, affected the partitioning behavior of the five solvents significantly. Parameter estimation for each significant factor by SAS program yielded a regression equation, which was used to predict the partitioning behavior in the finished cookie. Kp values from the regression equation could be determined more precisely by applying a correction term for the interaction between sugar and water to the Kp values of each ingredient after baking.