• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.125-138
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• 2020

Currently, subway crowding is estimated by observing a specific point at specific hours once or twice every 1 or 2 years. Given the extensive subway network in Seoul Metropolitan Area covering 588 stations, 11 lines and 80 transfer stations as of 2017, implementing crowding mitigation policy may have its limitations due to data uncertainty. A proposal has recently been made to effectively use smart card data, which generates big data on the overall subway traffic related to an estimated 8 million passengers per day. To mitigate subway crowding, this study proposes two viable options based on data related to smart card used in Seoul Metropolitan Area. One is to create a subway passenger pattern model to accurately estimate subway crowding, while the other is to prove effectiveness of early bird policy to distribute subway demand that is concentrated at certain stations and certain time. A subway passenger pattern model was created to estimate the passenger routes based on subway terminal ID at the entrance and exit and data by hours. To that end, we propose assigning passengers at the routes similar to the shortest routes based on an assumption that passengers choose the fastest routes. In the model, passenger flow is simulated every minute, and subway crowding level by station and line at every hour is analyzed while station usage pattern is identified by depending on passenger paths. For early bird policy, highly crowded stations will be categorized based on congestion level extracted from subway passenger pattern model and viability of a policy which transfers certain traveling demands to early commuting hours in those stations will be reviewed. In particular, review will be conducted on the impact of policy implemented at certain stations on other stations and lines from subway network as a whole. Lastly, we proposed that smart card based subway passenger pattern model established through this study used in decision making process to ensure effective implementation of public transport policy.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.496-500
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• 2010

Understanding train-wind is the best method to know how to optimize subway ventilation system. The capacity and efficiency of the subway ventilation system are known by pressure and velocity while train runs. Analysis of the internal flow in subway tunnel and around subway station are studied using numerical methods. Characteristics of internal flow and influence of subway ventilation system for the subway station with platform screen door and tunnel are analyzed by unsteady state analysis. Velocity and pressure of train wind transformation are compared at around subway ventilation system and the internal flow is investigated at the subway tunnel.

• Proceedings of the KOR-KST Conference
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• 1998.09a
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• pp.3-16
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• 1998

The goal of the transportation policy of Seoul is to increase the ridership of the subway system by constructing the public transportation network, the subway system. To accomplish this goal, the city of Seoul has been constructing the Metropolitan Subway System. Currently, seven subway lines which connect major areas in Seoul are operating. However, the ridership of subway system was not increased as much as we expected, even though more subway lines have been implemented. It seems that although the length of the subway line was extended, the current way of the subway operation that trains stop at every station cannot satisfy the passenger's need. Thus, we should try to increase the demand by providing quicker services and diversifying the subway operations; changing the point of view is required. This paper introduces the distinctive features of the express subway system and the model for analysing the effects of that system. This paper also presents the results for the feasibility study of the express subway system on the 5th Subway Line and Kyong-Eue Railway Line. Based on the results of the case studies, We can conclude as : First, the express system reduces a total travel time by about $13\%$; in particular, the Kyong-Eue Line is more effective than the subway Line ${\sharp}5$. Second, the shorter headway of express trains increases the time saving effects on subway system although it requests more waiting time to low-speed train passengers. When the service frequency is increased from 5 to 7.5 times/hour, total saved time ratio is about $10\%$ in the Subway Line ${\sharp}5$ and about $18\%$ in the Kyong-Eue Line.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.366-370
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• 2007

This paper discusses a most suitable wireless communications system for subway trains on condition that a geo-spatial video system is implemented in subway trains. Geo-spatial video system for subway trains refers to the device that can transfers the images captured by cameras within a subway station building or in and around a subway track to on coming trains wirelessly, which allows the operator in operating room to monitor the state of a platform and a subway track, the flow of passengers, and the condition of passengers getting on and off. To minimize the problem, secure civil safety and prevent accidents and calamity from occurring, a geo-spatial video system for subway trains has been increasingly introduced. The wireless communications systems for GVS for subway trains involve HF(High Frequency), IR(Infra Red), M/W(Micro Wave), wireless LAN approaches. Each has its own strengths/weaknesses, and different vendors have different technology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1993.10b
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• pp.3-30
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• 1993

To ease traffic congestion Seoul Metropolitan Government formulated the 2nd Phase of Seoul Subway Construction Scheme in 1989. The scheme calls for the construction of %60 km of subway which includes addition of 4 more subway lines and extension of 3 existing subway lines in addition to the existing 118 km of subway. As a final stage of the scheme subway line 6 is under planning and design. The line 6 is 36.1 km-long route connecting Ungam-Samgakchi-Changsin-Sinnae. Except for the depot main line wilts be underground and major construction methods are cut and cover and tunnelling. As a tunnelling method New Austrian Tunnelling Method will be adapted. The line will be opened by the end of 1997. With the completion of the line Seoul will have 278 km of subway network and the transport share by subway will be increased from 25% in 1992 to 50% in 1997.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.420-430
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• 2007

It is reported that many users of the subways in Seoul are not currently satisfied with the subway services. The cause of the dissatisfaction is that the qualitative items and indexes are not considered properly, and also does not diversify the evaluation items to follow the change of subway environment. Therefore in this study the evaluation items and indexes that can reflect of the subway users' characteristics are examined and synthesized. Then the characteristics of service are analyzed for the senior subway system users and junior subway system users that are classified with the cluster analysis. The result of the study is that the majority of users on subway are not satisfied the qualitative items which are safety, kindness, comfortableness, convenience excepting for punctuality and accessibility. So, if the service of subway users improve, the qualitative items is needed to consider with quantitative items.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.30 no.6_2
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• pp.623-629
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• 2012

During the construction of crossing engineering one of the important measures to ensure the safety of subway operation is the implementation of deformation surveying to the existing subway tunnel. Guangzhou new subway line 2 engineering which crosses the existing tunnel is taken as the background. How to achieve intelligent and automatic deformation surveying forecast during the subway tunnel construction process is studied. Because large amount of surveying data exists in the subway construction, deformation analysis is difficult and prediction has low accuracy, a subway intelligent deformation prediction model based on the PBIL and support vector machine is proposed. The PBIL algorithm is used to optimize the exact key parameters combination of support vector machine though probability analysis and thereby the predictive ability of the model deformation is greatly improved. Through applications on the Guangzhou subway across deformation surveying deformation engineering the prediction method's predictive ability has high accuracy and the method has high practicality. It can support effective solution to the implementation of the comprehensive and accurate surveying and early warning under subway operation conditions with the environmental interference and complex deformation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.180-190
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• 2017

The subway station is not only an effective means to solve urban traffic problems, but also a kind of representative city shelters with a variety of functions such as urban beauty and disaster prevention. At the same time, the subway station as public facilities need activate the urban functions and through the effective design schemes for a variety of the facade of underground entrance to improve users' awareness and reliability for the subway station as a city shelters. This study is conducted to purpose the design direction considering design and disaster preventing characteristics of the underground subway station entrance. In addition, it will provide a basic reference for the subway station in the renovation and construction. The study is composed of literature reviews and field survey. The literature reviews through papers and documents related to the city shelters, the components and characteristics of city shelters, and components and characteristics of facade design of underground entrance at subway station. Before the field survey through the online surveys with evacuation capabilities and screening only the subway station. And field survey is conducted on the site with careful observation and confirmation. Last cluster analysis were applied to the finally selected samples by the SPSS Win18.0

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.1145-1150
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• 2008

In this paper, We studied efficient design of wireless transmission system for unified data transmission in a subway and railway. It is increased that need of broadband multimedia service to make useful environment for user and to support the operation of railway system. High bandwidth is better if we need more services. But, high bandwidth requires more cost at tunnel of subway. More bandwidth make receive sensitivity to bad. So it need more wireless Station. We deduced best bandwidth of subway wireless transmission system reflecting the cost of installation and efficiency of system. Consequently, we decide efficient service model of broadband wireless system at a subway. Subway broadband wireless transmission system is tested in this year, and it is to be extended to province subway. Cost of subway broadband wireless transmission system is saved, because the system can be efficiently designed. Therefore, the effectiveness is expected to be very big.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.17-31
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• 2004

The subway play an important part in serious traffic problems. However, because subway system is a closed environment, many serious air pollution problems occurred in subway stations and injured passenger's health. Therefor, it is a necessary to identify sources and to estimate pollutant sources in order to protect passenger's health and to keep clean subway environment. The purpose of this study was to analyze a air quality in the subway stations and to apply a new receptor methodology for quantitatively estimate of PM10 sources. In this study, the size distributions of particulate matters has been measured by using Aerosizer LD (U.S.A., API, Inc.). It's real time measurement capability of time-of-flight technique offers a significant advantage of user convenience and air pollution management. Also, the mass concentrations of PM 10 has been measured by using mini-vol portable sampler (U.S.A., Airmetrics Co.). The sampling performed in Seoul subway stations during the period of February 2000 and April 2000. The number distribution data used in this study consisted of 26 raw data sets in the Jongno-sam-ga station. Correlation Analysis can be used in subway stations for source separation and identification. Then, number contribution from each source is determined by the particle number balance (PNB). The mass concentration data used in this study consisted of 31 raw data in the 8 different stations. The mass contributions of PM10 sources in the concourse by using PMF/CMB model.