• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.65-70
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• 2010

Purpose: Exercise has been shown to be a simple and economical therapeutic modality that may be considered as an effective aid for diabetic mellitus. For example, exercise training increases insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. But we found no reported of how exercise affect type 1 diabetes. This study investigated the impact of aerobic and graduated treadmill exercise regimens on body weight, glucose and insulin concentrations, lipid profiles, and oxidative stress indicators in rats with streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes. Glycosylated hemoglobin ($HbA_{1c}$) was determined as an indicator of glucose control during exercise. Methods: In our study, a total of 40 rats were used. Three groups of 10 rats each were given STZ to induce diabetes. The remaining 10 rats became the normal group. After 28 days we determined biochemical parameters such as glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin ($HbA_{1c}$), insulin concentration, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities were also measured. Results: Concentrations of blood glucose and $HbA_{1c}$ in the moderated exercise groups were significantly decreased after 28 days compared with the control group (p<0.05). There was a significant reduction in serum TC and TG in the experimental groups. The activity of SOD increased significantly by 17.70% and 48.25% respectively. Conclusion: These results indicate that physical training and exercise training affects body weight, fasting blood glucose, $HbA_{1c}$, insulin, lipid profiles, and antioxidant status in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. We suggest that graduated treadmill exercise may have therapeutic, preventative, and protective effects against diabetes mellitusby improving glycemic control, oxidant defenses, and lipid metabolism.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.176-183
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• 2010

The hypoglycemic effects of red ginsgeng-chungkukjang plus seaweeds, green laver and sea tangle, in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were investigated. Five groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing $140\pm10$ g (10 animals/group) were fed for four weeks with the following: nondiabetic control (NC group); STZ-induced diabetic (D group); diabetic rats fed 3% red ginseng (20%, w/w)-chungkukjang (D-RC group); diabetic rats fed RC containing 10% (w/w) green laver powder (D-RCG group); diabetic rats fed RC containing 10% (w/w) sea tangle powder (D-RCS group). Partially normalized body weight gain, FER, and blood glucose levels were observed in the D-RC, D-RCG and D-RCS groups as compared to the D group. In these three groups, serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL-cholesterol were found to be lower than in the D group, whereas HDL-cholesterol levels increased. Serum insulin level in D was significantly lower than that of NC, although D-RC, D-RCG, and D-RCS almost recovered to the NC. Serum ALT activity was markedly increased in the D group, while the serum ALT levels in the D-RC, D-RCG, and D-RCS were almost the same as the NC group. Due to diabetes, hepatic xanthine oxidase (XO) activity was significantly increased and administration of red ginseng-chungkukjang or seaweeds resulted in decreased levels of the XO activity. Activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) were significantly decreased in the D group, but the activity in the D-RC, D-RCG, and D-RCS groups were similar to that of the NC group. Results of the present study indicate that supplementation of red ginseng-chungkukjang with seaweed after the onset of diabetes ameliorated hyperglycemia via an increase in serum insulin.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.115-125
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• 2008

Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide epidemic. Global projections suggest that most nations will have a doubling of the incidence of Diabetes mellitus(DM) within 20years. The Herb-Combined Remedy(HCR) of DM was known as one of anti-hyperglycaemic agents. But it is unclear whether HCR can be used to treat patients with Diabetic nephropathy or not. The present study was designed to investigate the anti-hyperglycaemic and preventive effects from diabetic nephropathy of HCR in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Treatment with HCR regulated blood glucose levels, but did not affect body weights. In addition, HCR was able to decrease blood glucose levels after 120min. Serum BUN levels were not effective but, serum Creatinine levels were lowered by treatment with HCR or MF. In histopathological observation of renal tissue, both HCR and MF groups showed decreased tendency of inflammation and renal injury. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that HCR is effective to treat patients with DM and also has preventive activity on diabetic nephropathy.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.228-232
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• 2008

Antidiabetic effects of an aqueous and solvent extract prepared from the root, stem and fruit parts of Acanthopanax senticosus, were investigated in experimental Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats model. The n-butanol and water extracts of A. senticosus were orally administrated once a day for 6 days. The n-butanol extracts of fruit (FB) showed highest efficiency than other groups (water extracts of stem, root and fruit; butanol extracts of stem, root) on serum glucose values in the STZ-induced diabetic rats. We have studied gene expression of glucose transporter genes in C2C12 skeletal muscle cell line during differentiation treated by the n-butanol and water extracts of A. senticosus, SW, RW, FW, SB, RB and FB. The GLUT4 gene was high expressed by FB treatment. These findings suggest that FB of A. senticosus have GLUT4 gene expression activity for glucose homeostasis and may have beneficial effects on blood glucose lowering in the diabetic patients.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.107-114
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• 2000

We have synthesized 4-isonitroso-4H-1-benzopyran and 4-amino-2,3-dihydro -4H-1-benzopyran of chromone derivatives by using condensation method. Physico-chemical properties of these compounds were measured and analyzed by UV and HPLC method. The correlation coefficient of their methanol solutions by UV were 0.9992 and 0.9994, respectively. And oxime compound was resolved within 4 min and had a detection limit of 3 ng at S/N=3 by HPLC using a reversed phase column with three solvents(MeOH, $H_2O$, HAc). The amino compound was resolved within 4.5 min and had a detection limit of 10 ng at S/N=3 by HPLC under the same conditions. Anti-diabetic effect of chromone derivatives were investigated in the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by injections of STZ (45 mg/kg, i.v). The investigation of the hair growth effect of isonitrosobenzopyran and 4-aminobenzopyran on the hair of black mouse (C57BL/6) was also carried out. The administraion of their ethanol solution to the black mouse (C57BU/6) through skin them promoted the growth of hair.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.911-918
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of the feeding physiological activity substance in Saururus chinensis Baill extract on the improvement of the blood glucose, electrolyte (Na, K, CI) concentration and lipid metabolism in the serum of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg B.W., I.P. injection)-induced hyperglycemic rats fed the experimental diets for 5 weeks. Concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, triglyceride (TG) and phospholipid (PL) in serum were significantly higher in the hyperglycemic group (group NSW), STZ (I.P.)+Saururus chinensis Baill leaf 3.5 g% extract group (group NSSL) and STZ (I.P.)+Saururus chinensis Baill root 3.5 g% extract group (group NSSR) than those in the control group (group Normal, basal diet+water). But the concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, TG and PL in serum were remarkably lower in the groups NSSL and NSSR than those in the NSW, whereas the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration in the groups NSSL and NSSR were significantly higher than in the group NSW. Electrolyte and creatinine concentrations in serum were significantly lower in the groups NSSL and NSSR than those in the group NSW. The activities of aminotransferase (AST, ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in serum were remarkably lower in the groups NSSL and NSSR than in the hyperglycemic group NSW. However, no significance was found in the comperative effect of the groups NSSL and NSSR. From the above results, it was suggested that Saururus chinensis Baill was effective in the improvement of the blood glucose, electrolyte, glucide and lipid metabolism in serum of STZ-induced hyperglycemic rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.183-191
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary mushroom powder on blood glucose levels, seam lipid levels, glucose 6-phosphtase (G6Pase), thiobarbituric arid reactive substance (TBARS) and glutathione enzymes in diabetic rats treated with streptozotocin (STZ). Four groups of rats (Sprague-Dawley male rats, 180-200 g) were fed as follows: normal rats were fed a control diet (C), diabetic rats were file a control diet (CD), normal fats were fed a mushroom powder diet (M), and diabetic rals were find mushroom powder diet (MD). Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg B.W.). The animals were fed ad libium each of the experimental diets for five weeks. Food and water intake was determined every day. Blood glucose and serum total cholesterol levels were determined every week. After five weeks, the rats were sacrificed and blood glucose, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride levels and glutathione enzymes were measured. HDL-cholesterol levels were analyzed and LDL-cholesterol concentrations were calculated by equation. There was body weight loss in the diabetic rats, but the MD group showed less body weight loss than the CD group. Blood glucose and serum total cholesterol level of the MD group were lower than those of the CD group (p < 0.05). Also, serum total cholesterol of the M group was lower than that of the C group (p < 0.05). But the serum triglyceride level of the diabetic rats (CD and MD) was higher than that of the normal rats (C and M). However, there was no significant difference between the control diet group and the mushroom diet group. Serum HDL-cholesterol levels of the C group and CD group were higher than that of the M group (p < 0.05), and the MD group was not significantly different. But the serum LDL-cholesterol levels of the M group were lower than those of the C group (p < 0.05). Activity of hepatic microsomal G6Pase significantly increased in the CD and MD, reaching levels higher than those of the C and M groups. Hepateic gutathione S-transferase (GST, glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity was not significant. But renal GST, GR and GPX activity in the MD group was lower than that of the CD group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that dietary mushroom reduces renal disorders such as oxidation and aging of tissue. In conclusion, dietary mushroom groups reduced blood glucose and cholesterol levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats and renal glutathione enzymes activity was averted in diabetic rats.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.333-340
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• 2016

Edaravone, a synthetic-free radical scavenger, has been reported to reduce ischemia-reperfusion-induced renal injury by improving tubular cell function, and lowering serum creatinine and renal vascular resistance. The present study investigated the effect of edaravone in diabetes mellitus-induced nephropathy in rats. A single administration of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg, i .p.) was employed to induce diabetes mellitus in rats. The STZ-administered diabetic rats were allowed for 10 weeks to develop nephropathy. Mean body weight, lipid alteration, renal functional and histopathology were analysed. Diabetic rats developed nephropathy as evidenced by a significant increase in serum creatinine and urea, and marked renal histopathological abnormalities like glomerulosclerosis and tubular cell degeneration. The kidney weight to body weight ratio was increased. Moreover, diabetic rats showed lipid alteration as evidenced by a significant increase in serum triglycerides and decrease in serum high-density lipoproteins. Edaravone (10 mg/kg, i .p., last 4-weeks) treatment markedly prevented the development of nephropathy in diabetic rats by reducing serum creatinine and urea and preventing renal structural abnormalities. In addition, its treatment, without significantly altering the elevated glucose level in diabetic rats, prevented diabetes mellitus-induced lipid alteration by reducing serum triglycerides and increasing serum high-density lipoproteins. Interestingly, the renoprotective effect of edaravone was comparable to that of lisinopril (5 mg/kg, p.o, 4 weeks, standard drug). Edaravone prevented renal structural and functional abnormalities and lipid alteration associated with experimental diabetes mellitus. Edaravone has a potential to prevent nephropathy without showing an anti-diabetic action, implicating its direct renoprotection in diabetic rats.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.271-276
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• 1995

Changes in the distribution of dopamine and its metabolites, activities of monoamine oxidase, and dopamine uptake were studied inhyperglycemic rat striatum. The hyperglycemia was induced by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ, 40 mg/kg, i.p. for 3 days.). The levels of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid were significantly decreased without change in dopamine level in the synatic cleft 14 days after STZ treatment. In the synaptosome, the dopamine level, however, was significanly increased after the treatment. But the DOPAC level in the synaptosome was decreased 14 days after the treatment. The affinity of dopamine uptake was significantly decreased without changes in the velocity 14 days after the treatment. However the response to uptqke inhibitor was unchanged. The striatal monoamine oxidase activities were also decreased in the hyperglycemic state. These results indicate that various parameters of striatal dopamine activities were decreased in the hyperglycemic rats. Furthermore, it suggests that the increase in dopamine level of synaptosome might be due to the decrease in the release of dopaine in hyperglycemic state.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1497-1501
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• 2006

The therapeutic anti-diabetic effect of Nelumbo Folium and a poly herbal formula (NOC) was evaluated in the streptozotocin (STZ 60 mg/kg, I.p.) induced diabetic rats. For this study, test articles were orally administrated once a day from 7 d after STZ-injection for 3 weeks. The fasting blood glucose, body weight, pancreas weight changes, oral glucose tolerance test, hemoglobin Alc (Hb A1c) level changes and the histopathological changes were observed. WNL-treated rat had lower fasting blood glucose levels compared to control group and NOC-treated rat had significantly lower fasting blood glucose levels, compared to control group (p < 0.05). After 21 days of extract treatment, body weight in control was reduced (p < 0.001). WNL and NOC groups were also reduced compared to control group but insignificantly. Pancreas weight of control group was reduced (p < 0.001), but the weight of NOC group were increased (P< 0.05). During the 2 h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), WNL group were improved compared to control group (P < 0.05). NOC group were improved compared to control group but insignificantly. WNL and NOC groups had lower Hb Alc level compared to control group. In addition, atrophy of islet and decrease of insulin-producing cells were detected in STZ induced diabetes rats. However, these diabetic changes were decreased in WNL and NOC groups. These results suggest that N. Folium and NOC have favorable effects to inhibit the changes on the fasting blood glucose levels, pancreas weight, glucose tolerance, hemoglobin Alc and the histopathological changes of pancreas in STZ-induced diabetes.