• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.497-504
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• 2008

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to report prevalence and to identify risk factors of subclinical mastitis of dairy cattle in Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Among 325 dairy farms of the district 12 farms(3.7%) were selected conveniently for this study. All the dairy cows of the 12 farms were selected for sample collection. Fresh milk samples from each of the selected dairy cows were collected aseptically in separate sterilized test tube as RF, RH, LF and LH quarter of the udder. Rapid modified White Side Test(WST) was used to detect subclinical mastitis(SCM). Results of WST and data derived from filled in questionnaire were entered in Microsoft Excel 2003 and transferred to $STATA^{(R)}$, version 8.0/Intercooled(Stata Corporation, Texas, USA, 2003). The overall prevalence of SCM and its distribution in different categories of variables in cow and their exact binomial 95% confidence intervals were calculated in $STATA^{(R)}$. Simple bivariable associations among independent variables were investigated by $x^2$ test in $STATA^{(R)}$. Multiple logistic regression analysis with backward elimination method was used to identify risk factors of SCM. To identify significant variation in quarter SCM, linear regression analysis was performed after arcsine transformation of the data. The overall prevalence of SCM found in this study is 54%. Dairy cows with teat lesions had significantly increased SCM(OR=12342, P value=0.000, 95% CI=762, 199798) than others without teat lesions. The Holstein Friesian X Jersey X Sahiwal breed has significantly decreased(OR=0.18, p=0.03, 95% CI 0.04, 0.85) SCM than other breeds. The prevalence of SCM found in this study is in agreement with others. The injury in the teat increases the probability of getting infected with microbes and thereby mastitis. If the prevalence of teat lesion can be decreased the probability of subclinical mastitis will also be decreased. The negatively associated Holstein Friesian X Jersey X Sahiwall breed may help in planning mastitis control program if this finding can be validated by a more powerful case-control or cohort study design.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제11권7호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 장애인 고용기업체 간 임금 격차 기여요인 분석을 통하여 장애인 노동자의 임금 수준에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하는 것이다. 연구의 대상은 한국장애인고용공단 고용개발원『2018년 기업체 장애인 고용실태조사』의 원자료 중 주요 변수에 결측이 발생한 케이스를 제외한 3,546건이며, SPSS 25와 STATA 14를 이용하여 장애인 고용기업체 간 임금 불평등 분해분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 장애인 고용기업체의 임금 격차에 기여하는 요인은 '교육수준' 12.63%, '자산' 6.37%, '직무숙련 정도' 4.87%, '여성고용비율' 3.30%, '판매이익' 2.33%, '장애인 노동자 대상 교육 및 훈련 실시' 1.19%, '노동조합가입률' 0.67%, '직장유형' 0.42%, '평균 근로시간' 0.41%, '장애인의 작업 수준에 대한 인식' 0.34%, '장애인 고용이 기업에 도움이 된다는 인식' 0.23%, '장애인 고용비용에 대한 긍정적 인식' 0.17% 등의 순으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 분석결과를 토대로 본 연구는 장애인 노동자에게 적절한 임금이 제공되기 위한 장애인 고용기업 차원과 사회적 차원, 장애인 노동자 차원에서의 접근을 제안하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.473-480
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• 2015

본 연구는 우리나라 코스닥 제약회사를 대상으로 내 외부금융이 연구개발투자(R&D)에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 실증분석을 위한 표본은 2009년부터 2013년까지 상장된 기업들 중 코스닥 제약회사를 대상으로 하였으며 사용된 전체 표본은 5개년 자료로써 212개 관측치를 가진 불균형패널자료이다. 본 연구에 사용된 주요 변수들 중 개별기업 별 재무자료는 상장회사 협의회의 TS-2000, 금융감독원 전자공시 시스템의 각 기업 사업보고서, NICE신용평가정보의 KISVALUE-III 등의 자료를 통해 직접 수집하였으며, 패널분석을 위해 STATA 12.0을 사용하였다. 연구결과, 첫째 내부금융(유동비율)은 연구개발투자에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 외부금융(부채비율)은 연구개발투자에 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구는 자본시장에서 정보의 비대칭으로 인해 외부금융보다 내부금융이 더 선호됨을 알 수 있다. 즉, 제약기업의 연구개발투자 활성화를 위해 내부금융의 관리 및 정부의 정책적 지원이 필요함을 보여준다.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2019

Purpose: We perform an analysis of infection risk factors for fracture patients and confirm that the risk factors reported in previous studies increase the risk of actual infection among fractured patients. In addition, injury severity score (ISS) which is used as an evaluation tool for morbidity of trauma patients, confirms whether there is a relationship with infection after orthopedic fracture surgery. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1,818 patients who underwent fixation surgery at orthopedic trauma team, focused trauma center from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017. Thirty-five patients were infected after fracture surgery. We analyzed age, sex, open fracture criteria based on Gustilo-Aderson classification 3b, anatomical location (upper extremity or lower extremity) of fracture, diabetes, smoking, ISS. Results: Of 1,818 patients, 35 (1.9%) were diagnosed with postoperative infection. Of the 35 infected patients, nine (25.7%) were female and five (14.0%) were upper extremity fractures. Three (8.6%) were diagnosed with diabetes and eight (22.8%) were smokers. Thirteen (37.1%) had ISS less than nine points and six (17.1%) had ISS 15 points or more. Of 1,818 patients, 80 had open fractures. Surgical site infection were diagnosed in 12 (15.0%) of 80. And nine of 12 were checked with Gustilo-Aderson classification 3b or more. Linear logistic regression analysis was performed using statistical analysis program Stata 15 (Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA). In addition, independent variables were logistic regression analyzed individually after Propensity scores matching. In all statistical analyzes, only open fracture was identified as a risk factor. Conclusions: The risk factors for infection in fracture patients were found to be significantly influenced by open fracture rather than the underlying disease or anatomical feature of the patient. In the case of ISS, it is considered that there is a limitation. It is necessary to develop a new scoring system that can appropriately approach the morbidity of fracture trauma patients.

• 한국노년학
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.883-893
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• 2019

인구 고령화에 따른 노인의 우울장애와 자살의 연관성에 대해 사회적 관심이 높아지고 있는 실정이다. 연구 목적은 고의적 자해로 입원한 노인 우울증 환자 특성을 분석하였다. 질병관리본부(Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, KCDC)의 퇴원손상심층조사자료(Korean National Hospital Discharge In-depth Injury Survey)를 활용하여 3,280명을 대상으로 하였으며, 통계 프로그램 STATA 12.0을 이용하여 빈도분석, 교차분석, 그리고 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 성별[여(OR, 0.694; CI, 0.583-0.827)], 거주지[중소도시(OR, 0.078; CI, 0.648-0.935)], 자해결과[사망(OR, 0.461; CI 0.315-0.674)]의 경우에 우울증이 적었으나, 위험 요인[재정적 문제(OR, 3.485; CI 2.500-4.857), 정신적 문제(CI 2.917; CI 2.356-3.612), 육체적 질병(OR, 2.678; CI 1.869-3.836), 가족구성원과의 갈등(OR, 1.828, CI 1.437-2.325)], 발생장소[거주지 외(OR, 1.416; CI 1.182-1.695)], 자해수단[중독(OR, 1.695; CI 1.345-2.317)]의 경우 우울증이 많았으며, 통계적으로 유의하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 의료기관은 고의적 자해 환자 입원시 우울증을 사전에 감지하고 이를 최소화 시키는 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권5호
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• pp.550-558
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• 2020

To perform a systematic review of the data collected from case-control studies conducted earlier to investigate the correlation between E-selectin S128R polymorphism and ischemic stroke (IS) risk among the Chinese population. The PubMed, Web of Science, Chinese biomedical literature database (CBM), Chinese databases China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanfangData knowledge service platform (Wanfang Data), and information resource integration service platform (VIP) Databases were searched to retrieve case-control studies on the correlation between E-selectin gene S128R polymorphism and IS from the inception of the database till June 2019. The literature was screened, data were extracted, the risk of bias was reviewed, and the studies included were assessed independently by two reviewers. Stata ver. 12.0 software (Stata Corp LLC, College Station, TX, USA) was used to perform the meta-analysis. A total of 2907 cases from eight case-control studies involving 1478 IS patients and 1429 controls were included in this study. The R allele and RS genotype in E-selectin were found to be associated with the risk of IS as per the results of the meta-analysis (R vs. S : odds ratio [OR], 2.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.15-3.51; p<0.00001; RS vs. SS : OR, 2.50; 95% CI, 1.95-3.19; p<0.00001; RR+RS vs. SS : OR, 2.85, 95% CI, 2.21-3.67; p<0.00001). The E-selectin gene S128R polymorphism is likely related to IS based on the results of a meta-analysis in the Chinese population, and the R allele and RS genotype of E-selectin may be IS risk factors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.4691-4698
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• 2015

Background: The tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is an important negative regulator of cell-survival signaling. However, available results for the prognostic value of PTEN expression in patients with cancer remain controversial. Therefore, a meta-analysis of published studies investigating this issue was performed. Materials and Methods: A literature search via PubMed and EMBASE databases was conducted. Statistical analysis was performed by using the STATA 12.0 (STATA Corp., College, TX). Data from eligible studies were extracted and included into the meta-analysis using a random effects model. Results: A total of 3,810 patients from 27 studies were included in the meta-analysis, 22 investigating the relationship between PTEN expression and overall survival (OS) using univariate analysis, and nine with multivariate analysis. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for OS was 1.64 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32-2.05) by univariate analysis and 1.56 (95% CI: 1.20-2.03) by multivariate analysis. In addition, eight papers including two disease-free-survival analyses (DFSs), four relapse-free-survival analyses (RFSs), three progression-free-survival analyses (PFSs) and one metastasis-free-survival analysis (MFS) reported the effect of PTEN on survival. The results showed that loss of PTEN expression was significant correlated with poor prognosis, with a combined HR of 1.74 (95% CI: 1.24-2.44). Furthermore, in the stratified analysis by the year of publication, ethnicity, cancer type, method, cut-off value, median follow-up time and neoadjuvant therapy in which the study was conducted, we found that the ethnicity, cancer type, method, median follow-up time and neoadjuvant therapy are associated with prognosis. Conclusions: Our study shows that negative or loss of expression of PTEN is associated with worse prognosis in patients with cancer. However, adequately designed prospective studies need to be performed for confirmation.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.285-295
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• 1996

This investigation was carried out to reveal the removal rates of Ca, Mg and Na among the constituents of the litters in Phragmites communis Miscanthus sacchariflorus, Typha augustata and Scirpus tabernaemontani ecosystems in the lake Paldangho. The removal constants of Ca, Mg and Na were determined by the mathematical model and the time required to decay to any percentage of each constituent was calculated by using this model. The results obtained in this study can he abstracted as follows; The removal constants of Ca, Mg and Na of the litters were 0.91, 0.86 and 0.71 in Phragmites communis, 0.64, 0.62, and 0.50 in Miscanthus sacchariflorus, 0.66, 0.28, and 0.56 in Typha angustata and 0.40, 0.55 and 0.63 in Scirpus tabernaemontani, respectively. These values of each constituent in Phragmites communis are the highest among the compared species and in each species, Ca among the studied constituent is higher than the others. The half times of Ca, Mg and Na required for the removal or accumulation of the litters on the grassland floor were 0.76, 0.80 and 0.98 years in Phragmites communis, 1.08, 1.12 and 1.39 years in Miscanthus sacehariflorus 1.05, 2.47 and 1.24 years in Typha angustata and 1.73, 1.26 and 1.10 years in Scirpus tabernaemontani, respectively. Key words: Removal constant, Phragmites communis, Miscanthus scchariflorus, Typha angu-stata, Scirpus tabernaemontani Paldangho. Ca, Mg. Na.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.753-763
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• 2014

은퇴 후 사회적 관계망은 삶의 만족도에 중요한 영향을 끼친다. 사회적 관계망은 개인을 중심으로 여러 사람들과 관계를 맺는 것으로 구조적/기능적 특성으로 구분될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 두 가지 특징에 의해 체계적으로 은퇴 후 사회적 관계망의 변화와 변화에 영향을 주는 요인을 검증하였다. 본 연구에는 "고령화연구패널조사" 2008년도, 2010년도, 2012년도 자료를 활용하여, 45세 이상의 은퇴자 1,569명을 최종분석대상으로 추출하였다. STATA 12.0을 이용하여 빈도분석, 기술통계분석을 실시하였으며, 은퇴자의 개인적 특성과 은퇴여부가 사회적관계망의 변화에 미치는 영향을 보기 위해 Panel logit model과 fixed effects regression model방식을 이용하였다. 마지막으로 은퇴 여부와 사회적 관계망의 관계에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하기 위해 Multiple panel logit model과 fixed effects model의 within추정 방식을 통해 분석하였다. 분석 결과 구조적 특성에서는 친한 사람 접촉빈도와 사회활동 참여 정도가 더 줄어들었다. 기능적 특성인 자녀로부터의 지원 유무는 은퇴자가 비은퇴자에 비해 지원이 더 적었다. 이에 본 연구는 은퇴 이후 사회적 관계망을 변화를 확인 하였으며 은퇴 후 노년기의 삶의 시작과 맞물린 현실에서 사회적 관계망이 축소되는 은퇴자들을 위한 제도적 지원 필요성을 시사한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.384-389
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• 2017

본 연구의 목적은 우리나라에서 암 발생 빈도가 두 번째로 높은 간종양에서 혈관색전증을 시행한 환자의 수혈에 영향을 주는 요인을 분석하는 것이다. 건강보험심사평가원의 2014년 입원환자표본자료 중 주상병이 간종양(C22.0)으로 혈관색전술(M6644)을 시행한 19세 이상 퇴원환자 757건을 대상으로 하였다. 데이터는 STATA 12.0을 사용하여 기술통계, 카이제곱 및 로지스틱 회귀분석법으로 분석하였다. 종속변수인 수혈을 건강보험심사평가원 분류코드에서 전형 및 혈액성분제재료 코드가 발생한 경우를 유로 구분하였다. 독립변수로 환자 특성은 성, 연령, 의료보장유형, 입원경로, 빈혈, 질환 중증도로, 의료기관 특성은 의료기관 소재지, 병상수로 구분하였다. 간종양 색전술 환자의 수혈에 영향을 주는 요인을 분석한 결과, 상급종합병원의 경우 빈혈(Odds ratio (OR)=9.544, 95% confidence interval (CI)=3.362-27.097), 여자(OR=2.186, Cl=l.240-3.854), 65-75세(OR=0.506, CI=0.269-0.952), 1000병상 이상(OR=0.053, CI=0.018-0.151), 외래 경유(OR=0.211, CI=0.081-0.551), and 700-999병상(OR=0.105, CI=0.036-0.304)군이 수혈에 영향을 미쳤다. 종합병원의 경우 빈혈(OR=69.681, CI=8.545-568.246), 75세 이상(OR=0.112, CI=0.025-0.506)군이 수혈에 영향을 미쳤다. 의료기관간 수혈 현황과 영향 요인을 분석한 본 연구는 수혈 관리에 비용 효과적이며 양질의 수혈을 위한 기초자료로 활용 가능할 것이다.