• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.51-70
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• 2022

This study examined whether learner-customized start-up education, such as business consulting, functions effectively as part of universities' start-up support and whether business consulting positively strengthened start-up capabilities compared to consulting from other institutions. Furthermore, it explored the direction of universities' start-up support development by harnessing customized education, such as business consulting. The results of the study are as follows. First, business consulting had a positive impact. It informed the shortcomings of individual founders (teams) and identified the direction for improvement. Second, compared to consulting from other institutions, the fact that it formed a relationship between the consultant and the student beyond the business relationship and that it was conducted for free on campus have a relative advantage. Such business consulting enabled university students to see the world more maturely. Third, this study argues that customized start-up businesses can generate synergy with school curriculum and other non-curricular subjects. Based on this perception, it designed a method to build a co-curriculum education system. This study is significant because it investigated satisfaction and the possibility of a customized start-up business with business consulting as a representative case, exploring the direction of support for start-up education students want.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 2014

There has been lots of discussions and new policies to encourage people to start new businesses. However, they key issue such as how to raise the success rate of new start-ups still needs to be resolved. Many believe that the success of policies and discussions for promoting entrepreneurship in Korea highly depends on how to lower the risks with which early stage start-ups encounter. In this backdrop, this study aims at providing an emerging approaches in entrepreneurship, 'lean start-up', which can work as an effective method with which early stage entrepreneurs can minimize challenges they face. Even though lean start-up is a widely accepted concept among practitioners and recognized as a useful tool for entrepreneurship and education, but has not got deserved attention from the academic world. This paper offers basic framework and key principles of lean start-ups, furthermore, shows Korean cases of step-by-step application methods of its concepts. It also suggest key issues in adopting lean start-up strategy. This study has implications and contributions for entrepreneurs, educators and researchers through providing comprehensive perspectives on process of the lean start-up strategy.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.219-227
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of bobsleigh shoes on the lower extremity range of motion and start speed lap time and to develop bobsleigh shoes suitable for winter environments and Korean players based on sports science and optimized biomechanical performance. Background: The bobsleigh shoes used in the start section of the sport are one of the most important equipment for improving athletes' performances. Despite the importance of the start section, there are no shoes that are specifically designed for Korean bobsleigh athletes. Thus, Korean athletes have to wear sprint spike shoes instead of bobsleigh shoes to practice the start. Method: The subjects included four bobsleigh athletes from the Gangwon Province Bobsleigh Skeleton Federation. The study selected the bobsleigh shoe type A (company A) and type B (company B). We analyzed the lower extremity range of motion and sprint time (start line to 10 m) using a Motion Analysis System (USA). Results: In the measurement of the time required for the bobsleigh start section (10 m), the type A shoes demonstrated the fastest section record by $2.765{\pm}0.086sec$ and yielded more efficient movements, hip and knee flexion, hip extension, ankle dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, and inversion than the type B shoes. Conclusion: Type A shoes can yield a better performance via effective lower extremity movements in the bobsleigh start section. Application: In the future, functional analysis should be conducted by comparing the upper material properties, comfort, and muscle fatigue of bobsleigh shoes based on the Type A shoes to develop such shoes suitable for Koreans.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.82-90
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• 1996

The objectives of this study were to examine the start-up method and characteristics of biomass attachment on the media in an anaerobic fluidized bed reactor(AFBR). The media adopted was the granular activated carbon which was successfully capable of adsorbing organics and biomass. The reactor was operated at 5 kg $COD/m^3\cdot day$ and 24hr of HRT. There were important problems in the AFBR's start-up, which has been reported very long and unstable. Therefore, this research was to solve the problem of the start-up and it was performed, comparing two start-up ways that were initial fluidized system and initial static-fluidized system. The results were summarized as follows: (1) On the whole initial static-fluidized system was superior to initial fluidized system in the aspects of biogas production rate, methane content and COD removal efficiency etc. (2) At the steady state methane production rate and recoverable bioenergy of initial static-fluidized system were $2.074 m^3CH_4/m^3\cdot day$, $0.488 m^3CH_4/kgCOD_{removed}\cdot day$, and 81.3kcal/day, respectively. (3) Thickness of biofilm was about $5.11 \mu m$, $\rho_{bw}$ and $\rho_{bd}$ were $1.022 g/cm^3, 0.0953g/cm^3$ respectively. (4) Biomass concentration of fluidized state was about 35 mg/g GAC. In conclusion the efficient method on the start-up of the AFBR using GAC as media was initial static-fluidized system and the period of static state needed to reach steady state was considered about twenty days.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.256-263
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• 2009

For the power system to keep in a stable operating state, sufficient ancillary services must be available to respond to credible contingency events and return the power system to a satisfactory operating state in the case of contingencies as well as blackout events within specified predefined limits. The logical and reasonable bases of valuing and pricing the ancillary services are required to reach the common ground among market participants. The total amount of black start service transactions is quite small compared to the total ancillary service transactions as well as energy market transactions. Black start services must be provided as one of the ancillary services in the deregulated electricity market. In order to procure and remunerate black start services, it is necessary to quantify the value of the black start sources within the power system. In this paper, an approach to assess the value of the black start service is presented based on the cost-of-service solution. Financial simulation of the influence on market participants for the proposed approach on the service is carried out. The cost of the black start service is allocated in accordance with the principle of "causer pays", and the cost is shared by the producers and consumers equally that created the requirement for the service. Under the present electricity market, the mechanism to recover the cost is not implemented, a new approach to the ancillary services to provide incentive for the service providers has to be studied in the near future.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2012

Purpose: To determine a method to improve the efficacy and accuracy of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) - polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we compared hot start PCR and conventional multiplex nested PCR. Materials and Methods: This study was performed with single lymphocyte isolated from whole blood samples that were obtained from two couples with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). We proceeded with conventional multiplex nested PCR and hot start PCR in which essential reaction components were physically removed, and we compared the amplification rate, allele dropout rate and nonspecific products. Afterward, we used selective method for PGD. Results: In the two couples, the respective amplification rate were 93.5% and 80.0% using conventional multiplex nested PCR and 95.5% and 92.0% using hot start PCR. The respective mean allele dropout rates for the two couples were 42.0% and 14.0% with conventional multiplex nested PCR and 36.0% and 6.0% with hot start PCR. Conclusion: The results demonstrate that the hot start PCR procedure provides higher amplification rates and lower allele dropout rate than the conventional method and that it decreased the nonspecific band in multiplex nested PCR. The hot start method is more efficient for analyzing a single blastomere in clinical PGD.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.115-127
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• 2014

The national Entrepreneurial policy of Start-up assists the young and college students to be raised as entrepreneur in various ways seeking solution for serious unemployment problem. Many young generation start-up a business without prior knowledge and experience in management that end up as a case of failure rather than success. Many young pre-entrepreneur are afraid of Start-up and hesitate or give up before start. Now many Entrepreneurship education contents and Entrepreneurship mentoring programs are being provided for pre-entrepreneur. Especially, Entrepreneurship mentoring programs's importance to ease off these fear and anxiety is recognized and Mentoring program's part and contents are being enhanced in Entrepreneurship education content. In this study, the influence of Entrepreneurship mentoring program to young and brilliant entrepreneur who wants to start a business will be explained. The function of Entrepreneurship mentoring to improvement of entrepreneurial capability will be anaylzed and by using the function of Entrepreneurship mentoring and entrepreneurial capability, the moderating effect of start-up preliminary period and start-up aim period is examined. The results of as regression analysis, the study found out the function of Entrepreneurship mentoring has a positive significant influence with entrepreneurial capability which means technological competence and creativity competence. For the moderating effect of start-up preliminary period and start-up aim period, it is found out that the effect does not have a significant influence on the function of Entrepreneurship mentoring and also technological competence, but on creativity competence, significant influence was found. However, after looking at the moderating effect that is considered to be related to entrepreneurial capability, for the function of mentoring only the effect on start-up preliminary period.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.135-149
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• 2020

As youth employment has become a social issue every year, the government is pushing for policies to support youth start-ups to create jobs voluntarily as a way to enhance the youth employment rate. In the case of young people in Gangwon Province, the number of people moving to other regions is increasing. This research is intended to empirically analyze the actual achievements of youth start-ups through the 'Youth Start-up Project' in Gangwon-do. It was divided into four categories: participation in government support, education completion, intellectual property right retention, and certification retention, which are characteristics of start-up companies, and hypotheses that they will have a positive impact on start-up performance (sales amount, duration of existence, or whether they are retained or not). Age and geographical factors (Yeongdong and Yeongseo) were injected as control variables to see how they affect them. Furthermore, empirical analysis was conducted by setting up a hypothesis that the characteristics of start-up companies and subsequent support between start-up performance would have a positive intermediary effect. The research results showed that the remaining characteristics, except for education completion, had a positive impact on sales, and that the more participation in government projects, the longer the duration of the company's existence. In addition, the level of participation in government support projects was significant in the direction of the government. The analysis results of the parameter, follow-up support, had a positive impact on the start-up performance, and the subsequent support mediating effect showed the mediating effect of the start-up performance, except for geographical factors. The results of this study suggest the need for customized support suitable for the characteristics of youth start-ups in order to enhance the performance of young start-ups. Support agencies need to refer to corporate characteristics for smooth management and selection. In the Gangwon-do area, the government should seek to provide timely and organic support for start-up companies in order to produce successful start-up cases.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.109-120
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• 2020

This study examines how the government's fairness in entrepreneurship support affects satisfaction and management performance, and examines whether these influences are different for each growth stage of start-up companies. For this study, data were collected for start-up companies that received government support for start-up within the past 5 years. Total 611 copies of the data were used in this study. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS. The fairness used in this study was divided into three types, procedural fairness, interactive fairness, and distributed fairness. The effect of the three fairness on the satisfaction of start-up support project was analyzed. In addition, the effect of business support satisfaction on business performance was analyzed, where the business performance was evaluated by the questioner's satisfaction with their business. The start-up phase was divided into the start phase, early growth phase, stagnant phase, and high-level growth phase, and the moderating effect between the fairness and satisfaction of the government-supported projects by start-up phase was analyzed. As a result, it was found that every concept of fairness had a positive (+) effect on the satisfaction of the entrepreneurship support project, and the satisfaction of the entrepreneurship support project had a positive (+) effect on the management performance. The concept of procedural fairness in the start phase, procedural fairness in the early growth phase, interactive fairness, and the concept of all fairness in the stagnant phase influenced the satisfaction of the start-up support project. In this study, the fairness and effect of government-supported projects affecting the management performance of start-ups were identified by growth phase of start-ups. The results of these studies will help build a systematic system for entrepreneurship support and for start-ups, it will also greatly contribute to finding differentiated growth plans by growth stages of start-up companies.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.47-65
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• 2020

With the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution in sight, innovative business models utilizing new technologies are emerging, and startups are enjoying an abundance of opportunities based on the agility to respond to disruptive innovations and the opening to new technologies. However, what is most important in creating a sustainable start-up ecosystem is not the start-up itself, but the process of research-start-investment-investment-the leap to listing and big business-in order to build a virtuous circle of startups that leads to re-investment. To this end, the environment created in the hub area where start-ups were conducted is important, and these material and non-material environmental factors are described as being inclusive by the word "entrepreneurial ecosystem." This study aims to provide implications for Korea's entrepreneurial ecosystem through the study of the interaction of the elements that make up the start-up ecosystem and the relationship of ecosystem participants in Singapore. Singapore has been consistently mentioned as the top two Asian countries in assessing the start-up environment and business environment. In this process, six elements of the entrepreneurial ecosystem presented by Isenberg(2010)-policies, finance, culture, support, human resources, and market-are the best frameworks for analyzing entrepreneurial ecosystems in terms of well encompassing prior studies related to entrepreneurial ecosystem elements, and a model of regional transformation is formed focusing on some elements to suit Singapore, the target area of study. By considering that Singapore's political nature would inevitably have a huge impact on finance, Smart Nation policy was having an impact on university education related to entrepreneurship, and that the entrepreneurial networks and global connectivity formed within Singapore's start-up infrastructure had a significant impact on Singapore's start-up's performance, researches needed to look more at the factors of policy, culture and market. In addition, qualitative research of participants in the entrepreneurial ecosystem was essential to understand the internal interaction of the elements of the start-up ecosystem, so the semi-structured survey was conducted by visiting the site. As such, this study examined the status of the local entrepreneurial ecosystem based on qualitative research focused on policies, culture and market elements of Singapore's start-up ecosystem, and intended to provide implications for regulations related to start-ups, the role of universities and start-up infrastructure through comparison with Korea. This could contribute not only to the future research of the start-up ecosystem, but also to the creation of a start-up infrastructure, boosting the start-up ecosystem, and the establishment of the orientation of the start-up education in universities.