• ALGAE
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2008

In order to understand variation and relationship between standing crops and biomass of phytoplankton dominant species for the long term periods, this study was seasonally investigated in the marine ranching ground of Tongyeong coastal waters from 2000 to 2007. Total 268 taxa representing 217 Bacillariophyceae, 46 Dinophyceae, 4 Dictychophyceae, 1 Euglenophyceae were observed in phytoplankton communities. Dominant species consisted of 5 species as standard in standing crops: Chaetoceros curvisetus (18.01%), Chaetoceros socialis (12.95%), Skeletonema costatum (8.39%), Chaetoceros compressus (6.87%), Asterionellopsis glacialis (5.02%). However, to determine dominant species as biomass concept, Ditylum brightwellii, Guinardia striata, Rhizosolenia spp. and Skeletonema costatum were occupied with dominant species (19.67%). As determining for cell sizes, dominant species were divided with two groups such as micro- and nanophytoplankton (standing crops) and mesophytoplankton (biomass). However, Skeletonema costatum in anophytoplankton was associated to affect fluctuation between standing crops and biomass.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2020

This study aimed to figure out and compare the increment of biomass by thinning intensity focused on the plantation of the two major coniferous species (Larix kaempferi and Pinus koraiensis) of South Korea. The inventory interval was three years under the effects of three types of thinning treatments; control (no thinning), light (20% thinning) and heavy (40% thinning). The results showed standing biomass increment of both species decreased as thinning intensity increased (heavylight>control). Meanwhile, the lowest of on-site biomass changes occurred in the control plot, and the greatest was in the heavy thinning plot because thinning was involved with leaving the felling residual biomass (leaves, branches and roots) on the site. According to the results from this short-term study, unthinned stands is preferable for maximizing standing biomass as well as carbon sequestration. However long-term investigation should be considered in order to see more clear results.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 1985

Biomass, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus standing crops of bethic community were estimated at the trophic levels in the intertidal zone of Kum river estuary. Annual mean biomass of zoobenthos was 130.5g/$m^2$, body fraction 26.7g/$m^2$ and shell fraction 103.8 g/$m^3$. Biomass estimated as ash-free dry weight was total 28.9g/$m^2$, body fraction 20.2g/$m^2$ and shell fraction 8.7g/$m^2$ Carbon standing crops of zoobenthos were 15.9gC/$m^2$, in which organic carbon content was 7.0gC/$m^2$ and carbonate carbon was 8.9gC/$m^2$. Production efficiency by carbon standing crops from sediment to herbivores and carnivores and 10.6% and 16.0% in phosphorus, respectively. Annual primary production of benthic algae was crudely estimated to 329g.dw/$m^2$/yr by using the biomass and turn-over rate of benthic algae.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1022-1031
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• 2016

Relationships of standing biomass with biodiversity and structural diversity were examined in the Quercus mongolica-dominated forest in Mt. Jeombong, Gangwon-do. We examined the standing biomass of the Q. mongolia community ($311.1ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$) from 2004 to 2013, and the observed major species were Q. mongoilca, Carpinus cordata, Tilia amurensis whose standing biomasses were $206.3ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ (66.3%), $36.9ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ (11.9%), and $30.6ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$ (9.8%), respectively. Although the number of Q. mongolica individuals was very small compared with total density, the reason that Q. mongolica showed the most biomass than other species is due to greater average diameter at breast height (DBH) and the higher number of $DBH{\geq}50cm$ individuals. We calculated the range of Shannon index (H') and Shannon evenness (J') in the Q. mongolica community, and they were gradually increased in time, showing 2.015~2.166, 0.673~0.736, respectively. Their H' and J' showed positive linear relationships with their standing biomass. This indicates that the spatial distribution of the standing biomass in Q. mongoilca community becomes more homogeneous with time and this homogenization appears in various species in the community. In addition, we estimated biomass-species index (BS) and abundance-biomass-speciesdiversity (ABS) and they also showed gradual increase in time, ranging from 3.746 to 3.811 and from 4.781 to 5.028, respectively. Their indices showed positive linear relationships with the standing biomass. This can be explained from the observations of variations in standing biomass with tree diameters as the differences in the average standing biomass in the community have reduced gradually in time. Moreover, it is expected that increase in the structure diversity of the Q. mongoilca community enhances the efficiency in carbon sequestration and productivity, so the community can be developed to a more sustainable ecosystem with more abundant resources. Thus, applications of uneven-aged plantations with considerations of local ecological properties can be a very efficient reforestation method to ensure stable support of biodiversity and productivity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.55-59
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• 2009

The mushroom takes in charge of decomposer in ecosystem and its production is important indicator for sounded ecosystem function. To determine standing crop of basidiocarps(fruit body of mushroom), a weight must be measured by harvesting mushroom individual in the field. But this method has profound affection on the basidiocarps population or its surrounding condition due to habitat destruction. Thus, in this study, without harvesting any mushroom in the field, we developed allometric equation using some morphological parameters to estimate standing crop biomass of basidiocarps. Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus, Flammulina velutipes and Conocybe tenera were used for allometry. Morphological variables of the mushroom were pileus diameter, pileus area, stipe length and stipe thickness. Consequently, all the experimental mushrooms species showed significantly correlation in biomass estimation of basidiocarps from allometric equation (p<0.05). As a result of this research, the standing biomass of the basidiocarps could be indirectly estimated with proportional expression, allometric equation drived from morphological characters.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.209-227
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• 1993

Aquatic insects were collected from 18 sites in the Yongsan River System from August, 1988 to July, 1989. The monthly fluctuation and distributional pattern of the aquatic insects along the environmental factors were investigated. Quantitatively collected aquatic insects were identified, and numbers, standing biomass, dominance indices and diversity indices in each site and month were determined. The aquatic insect faun of the Yongsan River System was composed of 146 species, 82 genera, 38 families in 7 orders including 44 species of mayflies, 32 species of caddisflies, 24 species of stoneflies, 21 species of flies, 16 species of beetles, 6 species of dragonflies and 3 species of dobsonflies. Seasonal occurrence of species were more diversified in winter and spring than in summer. Also, the number of individuals occurred was higher in winter and spring than in summer while it was the highest in upper stream and the lowest in Kwang-ju stream. Component ratio of the number of individuals according to the insect orders was as follows: Mayflies 38.71%, Flies 36.97%, Stoneflies 10.21%, Caddisflies 6.80%, Beetles 2.96%, Dobbsonflies 2.74%, Dragonflies 0.95%. Percentage of standing biomass according to insect orders were as follows: Mayfiles 32.81%, Stoneflies 26.51%, Caddisflies 17.58%, Dobbsonflies 14.84%, Flies 3.74%, Beetles 3.08%, Dragonflies 1.45%, The highest standing biomass occurred in spring and the lowest in summer.

• 한국생태학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.127-131
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• 2002

In order to elucidate the characteristics of standing crop biomass, production and nutrient content of dead bole in mature ecosystem, we surveyed the dynamics of decaying bole of old-aged deciduous forest in 1993 and 2002 in Kwangnung Experimental Forest Station. In addition, we and estimated annual bole production, water content, wood density and nutrient content and compared the results with that of temperate ecosystem. Total dead wood biomass was estimated to be 5.6ton/ha in 1993 and 17.6ton/ha in 2002. Standing dead tree accounted for a total of 1.1ton/ha in 1993 and 4.8ton/ha in 2002, which was 20% and 27% of the sum of dead bole mass in 1993 and 2002, respectively. Annual production of bole biomass was 1.3 ton/ha/yr. These values fall into the low range of dead wood biomass for the mature temperate ecosystems. Tree species composing standing bole was mainly Quercus and Carpinus trees. This bole species composition resembles alive species composition of this forest. Water content of bole increased as positive logarithmically, but wood density of bole decreased as negative exponentially along with the progress of decay. N, P, Ca and Mg concentrations in decaying boles generally increased with decay, except for K. Annual nutrient input via dead bole is 1.6kg/ha/yr for N, 0.04 kg/ha/yr for P. 1.0 kg/ha/yr for K, 1.7kg/ha/yr for Ca and 0.3 kg/ha/yr for Mg, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.261-265
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• 2002

In order to elucidate the characteristics of standing crop biomass, production and nutrient content of dead bole in mature ecosystem, we surveyed the dynamics of decaying bole of old-aged deciduous forest in 1993 and 2002 in Kwangnung Experimetal Forest Station. In addition, we and estimated annual bole production, water content, wood density and nutrient content and compared the results with that of temperate ecosystem. Total dead wood biomass was estimated to be 5.6ton/ha in 1993 and 17.6 ton/ha in 2002. Standing dead tree accounted for a total of 1.1 ton/ha in 1993 and 4.8 ton/ha in 2002, which was 20% and 27$\%$ of the sum of dead bole mass in 1993 and 2002, respectively. Annual production of bole biomass was 1.3 ton/ha/yr. These values fall into the low range of dead wood biomass for the mature temperate ecosystems. Tree species composing standing bole was mainly Quercus and Carpinus trees. This bole species composition resembles alive species composition of this forest. Water content of bole increased as positive logarithmically, but wood density of bole decreased as negative exponentially along with the progress of decay. N, P, Ca and Mg concentrations in decaying boles generally increased with decay, except for K. Annual nutrient input via dead bole is 1.6 kg/ha/yr for N, 0.04 kg/ha/yr for P, 1.0 kg/ha/yr for K, 1.7 kg/ha/yr for Ca and 0.3 kg/ha/yr for Mg, respectively.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.128-140
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• 2021

Tropical dry forests are one of the most threatened, widely distributed ecosystems in tropics and estimation of forest biomass is a crucial component of global carbon emission estimation. Therefore, the present study was aimed to quantify the biomass and carbon storage in trees on large scale (10, 1 ha plots) in the dry mixed evergreen forest of Javadhu forest of Eastern Ghats. Biomass of adult (≥10 cm DBH) trees was estimated by non-harvest methods. The total biomass of trees in this tropical dry mixed evergreen forest was ranged from 160.02 to 250.8 Mg/ha, with a mean of 202.04±24.64 Mg/ha. Among the 62 tree species enumerated, Memecylon umbellatum accumulated greater biomass and carbon stocks (24.29%) more than the other species in the 10 ha study plots. ANOVA revealed that there existed a significant variation in the total biomass and carbon stock among the three plant types (Evergreen, brevi-deciduous and deciduous (F (2, 17)=15.343, p<0.001). Basal area and density was significant positively correlated with aboveground biomass (R² 0.980; 0.680) while species richness exhibited negative correlation with above ground biomass (R² 0.167). Finding of present study may be interpreted as most of the trees in this forest are yet to be matured and there is a net addition to standing biomass leading to carbon storage.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 2011

This study was conducted to analyze correlation of above- and below-ground biomass and to drive regression equation suitable for estimating standing tree biomass between natural and planted stands of Pinus densiflora for. erecta of one age-class in Gangwon province, Republic of Korea. Total 40 trees, 10 from the naturally regenerated and 10 from the planted stands in each of two studied sites, were uprooted to measure height, diameter at root color (DRC), and the dry weights of stem, branches, and needles. The length, weight, and volume of the main and horizontal roots were also measured. Most of the above-ground traits except height were highly correlated with most of the other above-ground traits and the below-ground traits except the length of roots (p < 0.05). Especially, the DRC, which is measured easily on the standing tree, was highly correlated with most of the traits in all studied stands (p < 0.01). Thus, the DRC would be the most desirable trait to estimate not only above-ground biomass but also below-ground biomass. However, height was not a good variable to estimate standing tree biomass of Pinus densiflora for. erecta of one age-class in Gangwon province because it was not correlated with most of other traits. Regression equations derived from the current study could be used effectively as a basic data for estimating above-ground and below-ground biomass using DRC.