• Anxiety and mood
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2009

Objective : This study examined psychiatric characteristics of wounded persons of Daegu subway fire accident occurring in February 2003 after six years. Methods : 103 wounded persons completed psychometric measures at 2 months and 6 years after the accident. Changes of psychiatric symptoms were compared and factors affecting post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) seriousness were examined. Results : In Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the scores of Psychopathic Deviate (Pd), Masculinity/ Femininity (Mf), Social Introversion (Si) scales were significantly changed over time. The scores of Symptoms Checklist-90-Revision subscales were mostly decreased over time, however, paranoid ideation (PAR) subsclae scores were not significantly changed over time. In all of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)-State, Beck Depression Inventory, Impact of Event Scale, and PTSD Checklist-Civilian, mean scores at 6 years after the accident were significantly lower than those at 2 months after the accident. However, STAI-Trait score was not significantly changed over time. Total seriousness of PTSD was found to be affected by quality of sleep. Conclusions : Psychiatric symptoms of subjects were largely improved over time, but distrust and doubt of others were continued. In addition, the wounded persons suffered from sleep problems. Therefore, early and continuous interventions of public institutions and public health specialists are needed for the wounded persons with chronic psychiatric disorders.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.125-137
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• 2001

We investigated the self-concept, subjective depression, and state-trait anxiety of the school boys with learning disabilities(abbr. LD, n=86) and compared them with normal boys(n=52) using Piers-Harris Self-Concept Inventory, Child Depression Inventory(abbr. CDI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(abbr. STAI). With regard to Piers-Harris Self-Concept Inventory total scores, there was no significant difference between two groups, but normal boys showed higher scores in intellectual and school status, physical appearance, and happiness-satisfaction subscales than patients with LD. The male patients with LD showed significantly higher ratings in CDI total scores, and CDI subscales - ineffectiveness, anhedonia, negative self-esteem than normal children. The patients with LD reported significantly higher state anxiety, but not trait anxiety. Correlation analyses revealed that self-concept decreased over time, and depression-anxiety increased across grades in the patients with LD, but not in normal children. Especially, negative mood, anhedonia, negative self-esteem subscales of CDI, and state-trait anxiety showed significant positive correlation with grades. In both groups, CDI scores were inversely correlated with Piers-Harris Self-Concept and positively with State-Trait anxiety. In conclusion, self-concept problems which were related with school achievement and self-esteem were more abundant in the patients with LD than normal children, self-image problem, depression and anxiety increased across grades. According to regression analysis, age, behavior subscale, intellectual-school status, anxiety, popularity, happiness-satisfaction, CDI-ineffectiveness, interpersonal problem, negative self-esteem, and state anxiety could explain the self-concept in the patients with LD, not in normal children. So, the self-concept of the patients with LD were found to be related to the school achievement and stress when comparing with peers. In conclusion, elementary school boys with LD showed lower self-concept, higher depression and anxiety, and these differences increased across grades. Since the patients with LD have concomitant depression and anxiety disorders, it is important that comorbidity with emotional problems should be explored and managed properly.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.83-95
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine intensity of pain and anxiety of burn patients. This study selected 99 adult patients of 18 years old or older who have been hospitalized and treated for a second-degree burn at the surgery ward or burn ward of 3 university hospitals which are located in 2 metropolitan cities, and a university hospital in Seoul Special City from July 1 to October 20, 2000. This study used STAI(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) developed by Spielberger, and translated by Kim, Jung Taek and Shin, Dong Kyun to examine the degree of anxiety and VAS to examine the pain. This study was carried out by interview and using SPSS 9.0 statistical program. Results were as follows : 1) As for general characteristics of the subjects, they were mostly male. 30s-40s, married, and high school graduates. 2) Forty-seven patients were burned by fire and $49.6\%$ of the patients had burn 10 to $20\%$ of BSA. seventy-nine percents of patients received one dressing change a day and $74.3\%$ received medication once or twice a day. 3) As for intensity of anxiety and pain. the mean intensity of pain was 6.41. The intensity of trait anxiety and the state anxiety were 39.76. and 51.81. 4) Subject's age was significantly different in their pain intensity and other variables were insignificant. Correlations between trait-anxiety and state-anxiety(r=.286, p=.004), and state-anxiety and VAS(r=.294, p=.003) showed weak correlation. There wasn't statistically any significance in trait- anxiety and VAS(r=.183, p=.070).

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.86-90
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• 2013

Objectives The aim of this study was to find out the psychological changes associated with internet addiction between before and after the military drill among the young male army recruits. Methods All 1091 participants were army recruits aged from 19 to 22 years who participated in the 5-week military drill. They were assessed with some self-reported questionnaires [Sociodemographic questionnaires, Young's Internet Addiction Scale (IAS), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS), the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Rated Scale (ASRS)]. They were divided into two groups, One is the internet addiction tendency group and the other is non-addiction group according to the IAS score. And the severity of the internet addiction tendency, depression, anxiety and impulsiveness were evaluated by the IAS, the STAI, the BDI, the BIS, the ASRS before and after military drill. Results The result of the paired t-test shows that the IAS, the STAI, the BDI, the BIS, the ASRS scores decreased after military drill in both non-addiction group and internet addiction tendency group. The result of the repeated measures ANOVA shows that there is an interaction effect between the changes of ASRS-hyperactivity (F = 23.437, p < 0.001), ASRS-impulsiveness (F = 4.896, p = 0.027), BIS-total (F = 4.057, p = 0.044), BIS-motor impulsiveness (F = 13.609, p < 0.001) scores and groups. The result of the generalized estimating equation shows that internet addiction tendency is associated with ASRS-inattention (${\beta}=0.075$, p < 0.001), ASRS-hyperactivity (${\beta}=0.092$, p = 0.002), STAI-trait anxiety (${\beta}=0.046$, p < 0.001), BIS-motor impulsiveness (${\beta}=0.119$, p = 0.028). Conclusions The results show that psychopathologies such as internet addiction tendency, depression, anxiety, impulsiveness may improve after military drill regardless of the groups. Internet addiction tendency may be related to the ASRS-inattention, ASRS-hyperactivity, STAI-trait anxiety, motor-impulsiveness. So these findings may be considered in the treatment of internet addiction in terms of the impulsiveness control.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.170-181
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• 2003

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of life in hemodialysis patients and compare it with those of depression or anxiety patients. Methods: Quality of life in hemodialysis patients(n=33) and depression or anxiety patients(n=34) was evaluated. we performed Korean Version of WHO Quality of Life Scale Abbreviated Version(WHOQOL-BREF), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), State-Trait Anxiety inventory(STAI) to both hemodialysis patients and depression or anxiety patients. Results: The WHOQOL mean scores showed no differences between hemodialysis patients and depression or anxiety patients. Among WHOQOL domains, psychological domain score of WHOQOL was significantly higher in hemodialysis patients than in depression or anxiety patients. Anxiety score of hemodialysis patients was significantly lower than that of depression or anxiety patients, while depression score showed no difference. Conclusion: These results show that psychological domain score of WHOQOL was higher and anxiety score was lower in hemodialysis patients than in depression or anxiety patients. However, there were no significant differences in total QOL and depression between hemodialysis patients and depression or anxiety patients, and the prevalences of depression and anxiety were higher in hemodialysis patients than those of general population. This suggest that hemodialysis patients need more specialized help for psychiatric problems.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.205-217
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the effects of the Daoyin and corrective exercise program on musculoskeletal pain among acute sprain patients due to traffic accidents. Methods: This study was carried out on the 35 patients who had been treated on musculoskeletal pain due to traffic accidents and was performed from March 1 to June 31, 2011 in the department of oriental rehabilitation medicine, Dun-San oriental hospital attached Dae-Jeon university. And we divided those 35 patients into 2 groups; sample group took treated with the Daoyin and corrective exercise program control group took common treatment only. All of the subjects were examined en visual analogue scale(VAS), state-trait anxiety inventory(STAI) score and presence of treatment after hospital discharge. The data was collected before and after the treatment, after hospital discharge. SPSS ver. 12.0 for Windows was used fer data analysis, and the analysis, and the general characteristics were demonstrated by frequency number and two-independent sample t-test. The effects of the Daoyin and corrective exercise program were analyzed by matched pair t-test and analysis of covariance. Results: On the VAS score, there was significant difference between before and after treatment, and before and after hospital discharge. And on the VAS scores, sample group mowed higher significant change of VAS than control group. And on the STAI score, there was significant difference between before and after treatment. But it did not show statistical significance between sample and control group. Conclusions: The Daoyin and corrective exercise program is an effective treatment fer musculoskeletal pain among acute sprain patients due to traffic accidents.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of the Qigong training program on the anxiety and labor pains of primipara. Method: The research subjects were a total of 60 primipara who consulted a doctor regularly concerning their antenatal care. Among them, 30 people were the experimental group, and the other 30 people were the control group, and were selected as homogeneous with the experimental group. The degree of anxiety and labor pains were measured by State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) and Graphic Rating Scale(GRS). SPSS WIN 11.0 was used for data analysis. Obstetric and general characteristics between experimental and control groups, and a homogeneity test of state and trait anxiety were done by both $X^2$ test and t-test. The hypothesis testing was analyzed by ANCOVA with a covariate of pretest value. Result: The first hypothesis, 'Primipara who join the Qigong training program have lower anxiety than those who do not join' was supported (F=28.8, p<.000). The second hypothesis, 'Primipara who join the Qigong training program have lower labor pain than those who do not join' was unsupported. Conclusion: It was verified that the Qigong training program was effective in alleviating anxiety; however it did not have any effect on relieving labor pain, so more in-depth research is needed later on.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.97-107
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• 1997

As a preliminary step to develop the Daily stress Inventory(DSI) for assessing minor stressors frequently experienced in everyday lift. We examined the reliability and validity of the DSI. The Daily Stress Inventory(DSI), the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), the Social Readjustment Rating Scale(SRRS) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI) were administered to 111 college students. Compared with the weekly DSI Event, Impact and I/E ratio scores of the American college students, the weekly event and I/E ratio scores of the Korean college students were significantly higher but weekly Impact score was lower. The internal consistency reliability of the DSI as computed by Cronbach alpha was .98. The DSI I/E ratio scores were significantly correlated with the scores of State Anxiety$({\gamma}=.27)$ and Trait Anxiety${\gamma}=.24)$, but not with BDI scores. And the SSRS scores were not significantly correlated to the DSI Event or Impact and In ratio scores. Significant correlations were revealed between the DSI Impact scores and the Sc and Ma scales of the MMPI. And the correlation between the DSI I/E ratio scores and the L, D, Hy, Pd and Pa scales of the MMPI was also significant. But no significant correlation was found between the DSI Event scores and all the scales of the MMPI. This study suggests that the DSI can be a reliable and valid tool to assess the minor stress frequently experienced in everyday life future study should be directed to obtain normative data based on more varied and larger population. Especially gathering additional evidences for the validity of the DSI using other minor stressor scale will be required.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.79-84
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• 2011

Objectives : There has been substantial evidence that patients with chest pain have depression and anxiety, and show impaired quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to campare the QoL according to types of chest pain and to examine the impact of depression and anxiety on QoL in patients with chest pain. Methods : Forty-seven patients with chest pain were divided into Cardiac-Typical Chest Pain (CTCP, n=22) and Non-Cardiac-Atypical Chest Pain groups (NCACP, n=25) according to the pain characteristics and cardiovascular disease. Patients were assessed for depression using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), for anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), and QoL was assessed using the Korean version of the SmithKlein Beecham 'Quality of Life' Scale (KvSBQOL). Results : Compared with the CTCP group, the NCACP group reported significantly higher anxiety, and lower QoL. There was no significant difference in QoL between the two groups after adjusting for anxiety. The QoL was associated with depression and trait-anxiety in the CTCP group, and with trait-anxiety in the NCACP group. Conclusion : The findings suggest that there are different effects of depression and anxiety on QoL in individuals with CTCP and NCACP. Understanding about these differences can be important in the treatment of patients with chest pain. A large prospective study is needed to confirm these results.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 1979

The major purpose of this study was to compare the state anxiety of surgical patients by sex (male/female), area of operation (sex-organ/non sex-organ), and family planning (having the plan of child-bearing/having no plan of child-bearing). One hundred sixty patients who were to get surgical operation were equally divided into eight groups resulted from combination of variables of sex, area of operation, and family planning, The state anxiety of surgical patients was measured in terms of the discrepancy score between the state anxiety score on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) administered at a day before operation and the trait anxiety score on it which was administered at a day before discharge. In order to test statistically the differences among meant scores of the state anxiety obtained by eight groups, multiple comparisons were carried out by Scheffe method. The results of this study led to the conclusions that, (1) there was no significant sex difference in the state anxiety of surgical patients, when the area of operation and the family planning variables were disregarded, (2) the state anxiety of patients who were to get operation of their sex-organ was significantly higher than that of patients who were to get operation on the parts other than their sex-organ, when variables of the sex and the family planning were not taken into account, (3) there was no significant sex difference in the state anxiety of patients who were to Bet operation on the parts other than their sex-organ, when the family planning variable was disregarded, (4) the state anxiety of female patients who were to get operation on their sex-organ was significantly higher than the stale anxiety of male patients who were to get operation on their sex-organ, when the family planning variable was not taken into account.