• Title/Summary/Keyword: ST9

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Microflora of the Lower Part of the Nagdong River (낙동상 하류 수역의 Microflora)

  • 김용관;이태식;신일식
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.16 no.2
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    • pp.47-53
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    • 1990
  • This experiment was carried out to evaluate general characteristics of the water quality, total coliform, fecal coliform and microflora at the St. 1 to St. 3 and St. 4 to St. 7. Eighty-four water samples were collected from the 7 stations from July 1988 to April 1990 (see Fig. 1) Range and mean value of the samples were as follows water temperature 2.0-29.9$^{\circ}$C, 16.3$^{\circ}$C pH 6.86-9.08, 7.62: electrical conductivity 54.85$\mu \mho$/cm, 4.300 m$\mho$/cm, 911.93 $\mu \mho$/cm : turbidity 0.9-36 NTU, 6.8 NTU, respectively. pH and electrical conductivity at St. 4 to St. 7 were higher than those at St. 1 to St. 3, but turbidity at St. 1 to St. 2 was 7 times higher than that at Sonagdong river area. The bacterial density of the samples ranged 91-110,000/100ml for total coliform. 21-15,000/100ml for fecal coliform. Specially, the geometric mean value of the St. 3 was 11,836 / 100ml for it leveled heavy contaminaiton. Predominant species among the 3,874 strains isolated form the samples were 30.6% Enterobacteriaceae, 14.7% Acinetobacter, 9.0% Aeromonas. 8.9% Neisseria, and 7.5% Vibrio.

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Occurrence and Prognosis for the Thrombosis in the Drug-Eluting Stents and Bare-Metal Stents (약물 용출 스텐트와 일반 금속 스텐트에서 혈전증에 대한 발생과 예후)

  • Kim, In-Soo;Choi, Nam-Gil;Jang, Seong-Joo;Han, Jae-Bok;Jang, Young-Ill
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.12 no.7
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    • pp.273-283
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    • 2012
  • Drug-eluting stents (DES) have significantly reduced in-stent restenosis, compared to bare-metal stents (BMS). However, there remains concern for the increased risk of stent thrombosis (ST) associated with DES. The present study sought to evaluate the incidence, clinical characteristics and outcome of ST in patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) during a 1-year follow-up. 80 patients who developed ST were divided into 2 groups according to stent type: group I (DES-ST, n = 57 ) and group II (BMS-ST, n = 23 ). There were no differences between group I and II in the overall incidence of ST (2.7% vs. 4.3%, p=0.064) and in the incidence of each type of ST: acute ST (8.8% vs. 2.3%), subacute ST (50.9% vs. 60.9%), late ST (19.3% vs. 8.7%), and very late ST (21.1% vs. 17.4%) (p=0.605). Predictors of 1-year mortality were the occurrence of ST (OR 8.12, 95% CI 2.83-23.61, p<0.001), left ventricular ejection fraction<40% (OR 6.41, 95% CI 2.42-16.96, p<0.001), and age${\geq}$75 years (OR 4.98, 95% CI 1.95-12.74, p=0.001).

Effect of Joksamni combination on NADPH-diaphorase, neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase, Neuropeptide Y and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide in the cerebral cortex of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat (족삼리(足三里) 배혈(配穴)에 따른 전침(電鍼)이 흰쥐 대뇌피질(大腦皮質)의 NADPH-diaphorase와 nNOS, NPY, VIP 신경세포(神經細胞)에 미치는 영향(影響))

  • Jung, In-gy;Lee, Jae-dong;Kim, Chang-hwan
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.20 no.5
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    • pp.118-132
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    • 2003
  • Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Joksamni(ST36) combination on NAD PH-diaphorase, neuronal nitric oxide synthase(nNOS), neuropeptide Y(NPY) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the cerebral cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rat. Methods: The experimental groups were divided into four groups: Normal, Joksamni(ST36), Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9), and Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11). Needles were inserted into acupoints at the depth of 0.5cm with basic insertion method. Electroacupuncture was done under the condition of 2Hz electrical biphasic pulses with continuous rectangular wave lasting for 0.2ms until the muscles produced visible contractions. Such stimulation was applied continuously for 10 minutes, 1 time every 2 days for 10 sessions of treatments. Thereafter we evaluated changes in NADPH-d positive neurons histochemically and changes in nNOS, NPY and VIP positive neurons immunohistochemically. Results: The optical densities of NADPH-d positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group in all areas of cerebral cortex and Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group in primary somatosensory cortex, visual cortex, auditory cortex, perirhinal cortex were significantly increased as compared to the Joksamni(ST36) group. The optical densities of NADPH-d positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased as compared to the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group with the exception of primary somatosensory cortex. The optical densities of nNOS positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group in all areas of cerebral cortex and Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group in auditory cortex, perirhinal cortex, insular cortex were significantly increased as compared to the Joksamni(ST36) group. The optical densities of nNOS positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased in all areas of cerebral cortex as compared to the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group. The optical densities of NPY positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased in primary motor cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, cingulate cortex as compared to the Joksamni (ST36) and Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) groups. The optical densities of VIP positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group were significantly increased in all areas of cerebral cortex except for cingulate cortex as compared to the Joksamni(ST36) group. The optical densities of VIP positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased in auditory cortex, cingulate cortex, perirhinal cortex as compared to the Joksamni(ST36) group. The optical densities of VIP positive neurons of the Joksamni(ST36)+Gokji(LI11) group were significantly decreased in all areas of cerebral cortex as compared to the Joksamni(ST36)+Eumneungcheon(SP9) group. Conclusions: The result demonstrated that electroacupuncture on Joksamni(ST36) and its combination change the activities of the NO system and peptidergic system in the cerebral cortex of SHR and that acupoint combination is one of the important parameters for the effects.

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Effect of Low Frequency Electroacupuncuture According to Acupoint Combination on NOS Positive Neurons in the PAG and Hippocampus of Rat with Adjuvant Induced Rheumatoid Arthritis (배혈에 따른 저빈도 전침자극이 류마토이드 관절염 유발 흰쥐의 PAG와 해마부위에서 NOS 발현에 미치는 영향)

  • Hwang, Hee-Sang;Kim, Ee-Hwa;Roh, Jeong-Du;Lee, Eun-Yong
    • Journal of Acupuncture Research
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2008
  • Objectives : This study was to investigate the effect of low frequency electroacupuncture according to acupoints combination on NOS positive neurons in the PAG and Hippocampus of Rat with adjuvant induced Rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of FCA into base of tail. Experimental group were divided into 6 group ; Normal, Control, $ST_{36}$, $SP_9$, $ST_{36}+SP_9$, and NA. Normal group was injected with normal saline and not treated electroacupuncture. Control group was injected with FCA and not treated electroacupuncture. ST36 group was injected with FCA and treated by 2 Hz electroacupuncture at $ST_{36}$. $SP_9$ group was injected with FCA and treated by 2 Hz electroacupuncture at $SP_9$. $ST_{36}+SP_9$ group was injected with FCA and treated by 2 Hz electroacupuncture at $ST_{36}+SP_9$. NA group was injected with FCA and treated by 2 Hz electroacupuncture at non acupoint. Each groups were evaluated by the number of NOS-positive neurons in PAG and hippocampus by using an image analyzer and a microscope. Results : 1. The number of NOS-positive neurons of the NA group were significantly decreased in the CA2-3. 2. The number of NOS-positive neurons of the ST36 group were significantly decreased in the PAG and CA2-3. 3. The number of NOS-positive neurons of the SP9 group were significantly decreased in the PAG and DG 4. The number of NOS-positive neurons of the ST36+SP9 group were significantly decreased in the PAG, CA1 and DG. Conclusions : It is expected that low frequency electroacupuncture can be used a treatment of rheumatoid arthritic pain and that treatment of electroacupuncture at combined acupoints is more efficient than treatment of low frequency electroacupuncture at one acupoint.

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Uropathogenic Escherichia coli ST131 in urinary tract infections in children

  • Yun, Ki Wook;Lee, Mi-Kyung;Kim, Wonyong;Lim, In Seok
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • v.60 no.7
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    • pp.221-226
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    • 2017
  • Purpose: Escherichia coli sequence type (ST) 131, a multidrug-resistant clone causing extraintestinal infections, has rapidly become prevalent worldwide. However, the epidemiological and clinical features of pediatric infections are poorly understood. We aimed to explore the characteristics of ST131 Escherichia coli isolated from Korean children with urinary tract infections. Methods: We examined 114 uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) isolates from children hospitalized at Chung-Ang University Hospital between 2011 and 2014. Bacterial strains were classified into STs by partial sequencing of seven housekeeping genes (adk, fumC, gyrB, icd, mdh, purA, and recA). Clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility were compared between ST131 and non-ST131 UPEC isolates. Results: Sixteen UPEC isolates (14.0%) were extended-spectrum ${\beta}-lactamase$ (ESBL)-producers; 50.0% of ESBL-producers were ST131 isolates. Of all the isolates tested, 13.2% (15 of 114) were classified as ST131. There were no statistically significant associations between ST131 and age, sex, or clinical characteristics, including fever, white blood cell counts in urine and serum, C-reactive protein, radiologic abnormalities, and clinical outcome. However, ST131 isolates showed significantly lower rates of susceptibility to cefazolin (26.7%), cefotaxime (40.0%), cefepime (40.0%), and ciprofloxacin (53.3%) than non-ST131 isolates (65.7%, 91.9%, 92.9%, and 87.9%, respectively; P<0.001 for all). ESBL was more frequently produced in ST131 (53.3%) than in non-ST131 (8.1%) isolates (P<0.01). Conclusion: ST131 E. coli isolates were prevalent uropathogens in children at a single medical center in Korea between 2011 and 2014. Although ST131 isolates showed higher rates of antimicrobial resistance, clinical presentation and outcomes of patients were similar to those of patients infected with non-ST131 isolates.

Study on the Hygenic Water Quality in Imha Dam (임하댐의 위생학적 수질조사 연구)

  • 이희무
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.25-34
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    • 1995
  • A Study on environmental Investigation in Imha Dam for the finding the degree of water quality and heavy metals was carried out at 4 sampling station during the period from August 15, 1993 to May 7, 1994. The results were as follows. 1. The ranges of values of pH for water were st. 1-7.56, st.2-7.77, st.3-7.9, st.4-7,7 on the average. Total average of pH values were 7.56-7.9 2. The ranges of values of DO for water were st.1-8.71($mg/{\ell}$), st.2-8.64($mg/{\ell}$), st.3-10. 25($mg/{\ell}$), st.4-9.01($mg/{\ell}$) on the average. Total average of DO of values were 8.64-10.25($mg/{\ell}$). 3. The ranges of values of BOD for water were st.1-1.1($mg/{\ell}$), st.2-1.0($mg/{\ell}$), st.3-0 86($mg/{\ell}$), st.4-0.99($mg/{\ell}$) on the average. Total average of BOD of values were 0.86-1.1($mg/{\ell}$). 4. The ranges of values of COD for water were st.1-1.12($mg/{\ell}$), st.2-1.4($mg/{\ell}$), st.3-0 98($mg/{\ell}$), st.4-1.46($mg/{\ell}$) on the average. Total average of COD of values were 0.98-1.46($mg/{\ell}$). 5, The ranges of values of T- N for water were st.1-0.36($mg/{\ell}$), st.2-0.49($mg/{\ell}$), st.3-0 23($mg/{\ell}$), st.4-0.83($mg/{\ell}$) on the average. Total average of T-N of values were 0.23-0.83($mg/{\ell}$). 6. The ranges of values of T-P for water were st.1-0.053($mg/{\ell}$), st.2-0.06($mg/{\ell}$), st.3-0.02($mg/{\ell}$), st.4-0.07($mg/{\ell}$) on the average. Total average of T-P of values were 0.02-0.07($mg/{\ell}$). 7. In the E. soli group distribution were counted st.1-1130, st.2-1113, st.3-152.3, st.4-1253 by the MPN test. Total distribution of E. soil group were 152.3-1253. 8. The concentration of heavy metals of Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn were measured st.1-0.59, 0.18, 0 04, 74.6( ${\mu}g/{\ell}$), st.2-0.39,0.29,0.03, 54.3(${\mu}g/{\ell}$), st.3-0.1,0.3, ND, 8(${\mu}g/{\ell}$), st.4-0.96, 0 26,0.23,45.6(${\mu}g/{\ell}$) on the average. Cd, Hg, Cr were not detected in the sampling site.

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Effects of Slow Release Recombinant Porcine Somatotropin (rpST) Administration on Growth Performance and pST and IGF-1 of Blood in Finishing Pigs (지속형 유전자 재조합 pST(Recombinant Porcine Somatotropin; rpST) 투여가 비육돈의 성장, 혈중 pST 및 IGF-1 농도에 미치는 영향)

  • 김영화;문홍길;박준철;정현정;김인철;이상진;장병선;정정수;정일병
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • v.48 no.5
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    • pp.663-670
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    • 2006
  • The present study was performed to investigate the effect of plant type recombinant porcine somatotropin (pST) adminstration on growth performance and blood profile of finishing pigs. Forty-eight Landrace barrows weighing 78 kg were employed for six week growth trial. Twelve barrows were allocated into various rpST types ; the control (CONT), the 4:1 type rpST (TRT 1), the 1:1 type rpST (TRT 2); and the 4:1 type rpST group(TRT 3) respectively. CONT group were not planted rpST. TRT 1 group was treated with rpST once a week for 6 weeks. Each dose contained the rpST equivalent to 100mg from initial to two weeks and 125mg from three weeks to finial week. TRT 2 and TRT 3 groups were planted rpST four times contained the rpST equivalent to 100mg during trial period from initial to two weeks, and 125 mg from three weeks, to four weeks, respectively. All pigs were fed a commercial feed containing 0.9% lysine ad lib. Daily gain increased by 19.4% in TRT 1(p<0.05) compared to the CONT. rpST improved feed/gain by 13.4~28.9% in all treatment groups(p<0.05). Back fat thickness of the all rpST treated groups were 23.3~29.2% thinner than that of the CONT. These results indicated that the rpST stimulated growth performance in finishing pigs and plant type rpST could be used as a growth stimulant for finishing pigs.

Karyotypes of Three Species of Gobiobotia (Pisces: Cyprinidae) in Korea (한국산 꾸구리속, Gobiobotia (Pisces: Cyprinidae) 3종의 핵형)

  • Song, Ho-Bok;Park, Gab-Man
    • Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.159-166
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    • 2005
  • The karyotypes of three species of Gobiobotia in Korea were investigated: G. macrocephala, G. brevibarba, and G. nakdongensis. In these species, the mitotic chromosomes from 25 groups with two chromosomes each indicated that it is a diploid. The karyotypes of Gobiobotia macrocephala are 2n = 50 (9M+7SM+9ST) with NF = 100, G. brevibarba 2n = 50 (10M+7SM+4ST+4T) with NF = 92, and G. nakdongensis 2n = 50 (5M+9SM+9ST+2T) with NF = 96. Chromosome sizes ranged from 3.3 to $7.5{\mu}m$, 2.7 to $6.3{\mu}m$ and 3.5 to $7.3{\mu}m$ in length, respectively. This is the first report on the chromosomes of G. macrocephala and G. nakdongensis.

A Study of Acupuncture Contraindications in Zhenjiudacheng (침구대성에 수록된 금침혈 연구)

  • Jeon, Yu-Gyoung;Lee, Jeong Won;Kim, Seungtae
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • v.35 no.2
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    • pp.105-115
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    • 2018
  • Objectives : This research aimed to verify the validities of contraindicated acupoints in acupuncture treatment in Zhenjiudacheng. Methods : We investigated contraindicated acupoints when performing needling in Zhenjiudacheng, then verified them in today's medical knowledge and clinical studies. Results : In Zhenjiudacheng, 39 acupoints - LU2, LI4, LI13, LI14, LI16, ST1, ST9, ST12, ST17, ST25, ST30, ST42, SP6, SP11, SI18, BL8, BL9, BL56, KI11, TE7, TE8, TE19, TE20, GB3, GB18, GB21, GV10, GV11, GV17, GV22, GV24, CV1, CV4, CV5, CV8, CV9, CV15, CV17 and EX-HN11 - were described to need a careful approach in acupuncture treatment and 21 acupoints among them had contraindications. Most of the contraindications can be explained based on anatomical knowledge and results of clinical studies, and acupuncture treatment at the 39 contraindicated acupoints can induce injury of tissues or organs near the acupoints. Conclusions : The contraindicated acupoints in acupuncture treatment in Zhenjiudacheng seem to have been classified based on the adverse events experienced by doctors at that time. Therefore careful acupuncture treatment at these acupoints is needed to avoid injury to tissue or organs.