• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.285-289
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• 1989

Interrelationships between yields of Burley 21 variety and meteorological factors such as precipitation, duration of sunshine, and evaporation in Suweon, Chungju, Daegu, and Jeonju were investigated during the growing seasons from 1976 to 1985. Cultivation period from the 41st to the 60th day after transplanting which showed the highest transpiration by the tobacco plant was corresponding to relatively dry season in Korea from the middle of May to early of June. The meteorological factors during the middle stage of the tobacco growth, especially the 41st to the 80th day after transplanting, seemed to have higher correlation with tobacco yield, than any other periods. This result implied that the middle stage of the growth when tobacco plant consume more soil moisture by transpiration proved to be a important growth stage having a great influence upon tobacco productivity.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.333-343
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the suitability and readability of printed educational materials for patients with hypertension in Korea. Methods: A total of 33 written educational materials related to hypertension were collected from public health centers, hospitals, and internet web site. Among them, we analyzed 19 materials which fit the inclusion criteria: leaflets (n=9), booklets (n=3), and guide book (n=7). Two trained nurses evaluate the materials using suitability assessment tool (SAM; Doak, Doak, & Root, 1996) and graded lexical items for teaching Korean (Kim, 2003). Results: Overall, 14 (73.7%) of 19 materials scored adequate, and 5 (26.3%) scored inadequate. On the average, the education materials contained 36.1% to 50.5% of 1st grade reading level words and 12.9% to 21.6% of 4th grade level and over. Conclusion: The reading level of the materials was higher than a 6th grade reading level. It is proposed that the written educational materials should be developed by health professionals according to suitability and quality by taking the target group's literacy capacity into consideration.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.433-443
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• 2011

Purpose: Clinical training for nursing students is limited to rudimentary skills to avoid potential risks. Simulation-Based Training (SBT) can overcome the shortcomings of clinical training. We evaluated the educational effect of SBT for obstetrical nursing students using high-fidelity simulation courses. Methods: We developed a simulation program for obstetrical nursing students to practice nursing skills that are necessary to provide quality care. The program consisted of four sessions. 1st: An orientation and a preliminary test. 2nd: Learning core skills required in obstetrical nursing. 3rd: Testing each student with scenario. 4th: Providing a debriefing session. At the beginning of the program, students were surveyed about their self-confidence in obstetrical nursing care, and at the end of the program, they were surveyed about the adequacy of SBT as well as self-confidence. Results: Students' self-confidence showed a significant difference before and after simulation. Mean adequacy of SBT was $7.15{\pm}1.35$ (out of 10). Most students became more interested in Women's Health Nursing after SBT. Conclusion: The results from evaluating the effects of simulation-based obstetrical nursing training show that SBT provides invaluable clinical experience for obstetrical nursing students by overcoming the lack of actual clinical involvement in clinical training programs.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.675-683
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• 2017

In this study, a theoretical analysis was performed to the flow of refilling stage in a safety injection tank, which is the core cooling system of nuclear power plant in an emergency. A theoretical model was proposed with a nonlinear governing equation defining on the flow of the refilling process of the coolant. Utilizing the Taylor-series expansion, the $1^{st}$ - order approximation flow equation was obtained, along with its analytic solution of closed type, which could predict accurately the variations of free surface height and flow rate of the coolant. The availability of theoretical result was confirmed by comparing with previous experimental results.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.48-55
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• 2004

Loads on offshore structures are largely transferred to the bracing members in the form of axial forces. The detrimental effects of imperfections on compressive strength are well recognized. Damage in the members of offshore structures would significantly affect the compressive behavior of the members. As a result, such damages may also affect the ability of the structure to withstand the functional and environmental loads. It is important to be able to assess the residual strength of damaged members quickly and accurately. This will help operators to make the decision whether the member has to be repaired or not. In this study, a series of calculation is performed to study the effects of different parameters on the behavior of such damaged members under axial load. And the results of analysis are compared with those of experiment.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.1005-1014
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• 2009

The Dual Unit Optimizer 2000 MWe (DUO2000) is put forward as a new design concept for large power nuclear plants to cope with economic and safety challenges facing the $21^{st}$ century green and sustainable energy industry. DUO2000 is home to two nuclear steam supply systems (NSSSs) of the Optimized Power Reactor 1000 MWe (OPR1000)-like pressurized water reactor (PWR) in single containment so as to double the capacity of the plant. The idea behind DUO may as well be extended to combining any number of NSSSs of PWRs or pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs), or even boiling water reactors (BWRs). Once proven in water reactors, the technology may even be expanded to gas cooled, liquid metal cooled, and molten salt cooled reactors. With its in-vessel retention external reactor vessel cooling (IVR-ERVC) as severe accident management strategy, DUO can not only put the single most querulous PWR safety issue to an end, but also pave the way to very promising large power capacity while dispensing with the huge redesigning cost for Generation III+ nuclear systems. Five prototypes are presented for the DUO2000, and their respective advantages and drawbacks are considered. The strengths include, but are not necessarily limited to, reducing the cost of construction by decreasing the number of containment buildings from two to one, minimizing the cost of NSSS and control systems by sharing between the dual units, and lessening the maintenance cost by uniting the NSSS, just to name the few. The latent threats are discussed as well.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.175-181
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify endotracheal colonization and the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia related to the type of endotracheal suction system. Methods: The participants in this study were ICU patients hospitalized between October 2009 to March 2010 who used ventilators for over 48 hr with closed (CSS, n=30) or open (OSS, n=32) suction systems. To standardize the pre-intervention suction system, a suctioning protocol was taught to the ICU nurses. Collected data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test, Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon rank sums test, Wilcoxon test, Log-rank test and Poisson regression. Results: Endotracheal colonization was higher in OSS than CSS from day 1 to day 8 while using a ventilator and there was a significant difference between the two groups. The CSS reached 50% of endotracheal colonization by the 4th day, whereas for the OSS, it was the 2nd day (p=.04). The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia showed no significant difference. Conclusion: For patients with a high risk of pneumonia, CSS must be used to lower endotracheal colonization.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 2020

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to summarize current research trends and results regarding acupuncture treatment for hypertension. Methods: Articles published from 2009 to 2019 were searched on domestic databases (OASIS, NDSL, RISS) and PubMed using the keywords 'Hypertension', 'Hypertensive', 'Acupuncture', 'EA' (electroacupuncture), 'Autonomic nervous system', 'ANS', 'CVD' (cardiovascular disease), '고혈압', '침', '전침', and '자율신경계'. The studies were analyzed according to the year, type of study (domestic or foreign articles, nationality of the first author), acupuncture type for human and animal studies, BP (blood pressure) measurement, and acupuncture intervention. Results: In total, 21 articles were selected. There were 8 randomized controlled trials (RCTs), 3 non-randomized controlled trials (nRCTs), 2 before-after studies, 1 case series, and 7 animal studies. Manual acupuncture (11 articles) was most frequently used, and ST36 (足三里) was most frequently used in human studies. In 18 of 21 articles, acupuncture was reported as effective in lowering systolic blood pressure (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in hypertensive patients. Conclusions: Acupuncture treatment for hypertension is deemed useful. Further studies are necessary for application of acupuncture therapy in clinical practice.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to compare the effects of abdominal aroma massage and meridian massage on constipation and stress in college women with functional constipation. Methods: The participants were 38 college women, 18 were in the aroma group and 20 in the meridian group. The aroma massage was given using aroma oil which was a mixture of lemon, lavender, rosemary, and cyprus. The meridian massage was given at 9 accupoints which influence intestinal functions. The treatment was given 5 days a week for 4 weeks. A constipation severity score, weekly defecation frequency, and a stress response score were measured before and every week of 4 weeks of the experiment. Results: While there was no significant difference between two groups, there was a significant difference within the groups in the constipation severity (aroma group: 1st week, meridian group: except 4th week), defecation frequency (aroma group: 3rd week, meridian group: 2nd and 3rd week), and stress (aroma group: all weeks, meridian group: except 4th week) after different duration of experiment. Conclusion: Based on these results, both abdominal massages relieved constipation and stress. Resorting to either types of massage will contribute to the reduction of use of stool softeners, suppositories, or enemas.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1739-1741
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• 2016

A compressive sensing based iterative scheme for reducing both the impulsive noise as well as the clipping noise is proposed for OFDM-based communication systems. Nonlinear blanking using adaptive thresholds is used in the 1st stage followed by two consecutive compressive sensing based detection with the aid of decision feedback for reducing the BER gradually. Our simulation results revealed an SNR gain of 4.5dB at the BER of $10^{-5}$.