• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.135-141
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• 2016

This study amied to determine the effect of species and seed mixture on productivity, botanical composition and forage quality in middle mountainous region (Geosan) pasture. Total seven experimental pastures (T1 : Orchardgrass, T2 : Timothy, T3 : Tall fescue, T4 : Perennial ryegrass, T5 : Kentucky bluegrass, T6 : Timothy + Orchardgrass + Tall fescue + Alfalfa, T7 : Timothy + Orchardgrass + Kentucky bluegrass + White clover) were established in autumn, 2014 and evaluated for productivity and agronomic characteristics for 2015. Plant heigh was high in Orchardgrass and Perennial ryegrass pasture. Dry matter (DM) content was high in Kentucky bluegrass. Botanical composition in $1^{st}$ harvest was high in shrub, but the grass composition was high in $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ harvest. Fresh and DM yield were higher in Orchardgrass and Perennial ryegrass (p<0.05); whreras, Kentucky bluegrass was the lowest. In seed mixture pasture, yields of T6 plot (Tall fescue) were higher than those of T7 (Kentucky bluegrass). Average CP (crude protein) content of $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ cutting time was 16.91 and 14.79%, respectively and Kentucky blue grass was the highest in $3^{rd}$ cutting time by 17.57%. IVDMD (in vitro dry matter digestibility) showed low in $1^{st}$ cutting and Kentucky bluegrass was the lowest in every cutting time. TDN (total digestible nutrient) content was the highest in $3^{rd}$ cutting and the lowest in $1^{st}$ cutting. These results indicated that Orchardgrass, Perennial ryegrass and T6 are recommendable for productivity and Timothy, Perennial ryegrass and T7 are recommendable for forage quality.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2004

In order to investigate the effects of supplementary nutrients on silkworms, Bombyx mori, an experiment was conducted with ascorbic acid treatments. Dietary supplements of ascorbic acid 1, 2 and 3% were fed to silkworm larvae through 1st to 5th instar, The larvae were fed by mulberry loaves of Kokoso variety and the supplementary loaves were used once a day. These treatments resulted in a significant increase of biological parameters such as larval weight, the rate of food consumption and the approximate digestibility of the food. But the economical parameters such as cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight didnt show considerable difference compared to control. Dietary supplement of 2% ascorbic acid increased the larval weight by 7.8% and reached to 1.065g, which had the highest weight increase in the fourth day of 4th instar larvae. The percentage of daily weight increase in this group of larvae (79.01%) had significant difference compared with other treatments. The nutritional efficiency index in this group of larvae was better than others. Also the abundance of biochemical macromolecules such as glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerol and urea in haemolymph of larvae fed by 2% ascorbic acid increased to become 29.75 (mg/㎗), 24 (mg/㎗), 75.4(mg/㎗) and 32.1(mg/㎗) respectively. But protein contents of haemolymph of larvae in each treatment were not significantly different. Since all the results achieved were not considerable either statistically or economically, this method could not be recommended to improve the sericultural parameters.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.55-65
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• 1976

The influences of the mandibular displacement and valium administration on the muscular activity were observed by spectrophotometric analysis of glycogen, glucose, G-6-P, lactate, pyruvate, ATP, phosphocreatine ana protein. Experimental animals were divided into three groups; the first was the mandibular displacement group, the second was valium administered group and the third was the mandibular displacement and valium admministered group. In mandibular displacement group, the high inclined plane with a gap of 2.5mm to 3.0mm between the upper and lower incisors was created by setting the silver crowns on the lower incisors. By creating such a high inclined plane, the bite was opened and the mandible was dispalced posteriorly. In valium administered group, 5mg/kg body weight of valium was administered intraperitoneally every day until the animal was sacrificed. Results were as follows: I) The body weight of all experimental rats was decreased in the beginning of experimental periods. The body weight of the mandibular displacement group showed the similar increasing rate as the control group from 15 days of experimental period. 2) The superficial masseter muscles of the mandibular displacement group appeared to be decreased it's functional activity at 36hrs, 60hrs and 96hrs of experimental periods as revealed by the decrease of various metabolites studied in this experiment. From 96hrs of experimental periods, the contents of those metabolites tended to increase up to the control level. 3) The superficial masseter muscle of 2nd group showed the decreased value of all metabolites at until 60hrs and the values were recovered to almost the same as the control at 168hrs. 4) Glycogen and G-6-P contents induced by mandibular displacement plus valium administration, showed longer duration of the decreased value than 1st group. And the decrease of glucose and pyruvate contents induced by mandibular displacement at 36hrs and 60hrs of experimental periods was enhanced by valium administration. However, the contents of lactate in 3rd group were decreased continuously until the end of experiment.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제68권1호
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• pp.22-28
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• 2010

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent mediator of angiogenesis. VEGF production is regulated by HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and EGFR. This study examined the relationship between the clinicopathological factors and VEGF, HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and EGFR protein overexpression, and evaluated their prognostic value in patients with a surgically resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Patients who underwent a surgical resection at Kangnam St. Mary's hospital were reviewed retrospectively. The core biopsy samples from 54 patients with NSCLC were assembled on a tissue microarray (TMA), and immunohistochemical staining for the VEGF, HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and EGFR proteins was performed. The overexpression of these proteins was evaluated in relation to age, gender, histology and staging by univariate analysis. The clinicopathological prognostic factors were analyzed. Results: Multivariate analysis performed by Cox regression (odds ratio 2.8, 95% CI 1.0~8.2, p=0.046) revealed HIF-$1{\alpha}$ overexpression to be an unfavorable factor. There was no correlation between the overexpression of these proteins and the clinicopathological factors. VEGF showed a positive relationship with EGFR, but there was no statistical significance [$p(x^2)=0.06$]. Conclusion: HIF-$1{\alpha}$ overexpression predicts shorter survival in patients with a surgically resected NSCLC. Therefore, HIF-$1{\alpha}$ may be a poor prognostic factor in NSCLC.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.26-30
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• 2006

The study was undertaken to investigate the validity of milk urea concentration as an index of the reproductive performances in crossbred Karan-Fries (Holstein Friesian${\times}$Tharparkar) cows under farm condition. Milk urea was analysed in noon milk samples (1200 to 1300 h) to interrelate with the interval from parturition to first service, number of insemination per conception, first service conception rate and service period. Milk progesterone (P4) was analysed in noon milk samples on the day 1, 10, 20 and 30 post insemination to study the effect of milk urea concentration on early embryonic mortality. The interval from parturition to first service was found significantly (p<0.01) higher ($77.2{\pm}5.5$ days) when milk urea concentration was ${\geq}63.4mg/dl$. The average milk urea concentrations (mg/dl) were found $42.1{\pm}2.5$, $47.9{\pm}1.5$ and $50.3{\pm}3.1$, respectively in cows that conceived at $1^{st}$, $2^{nd}$ and $3^{rd}$ insemination. However, the variation was not statistically significant. The first insemination conception rate was found significantly (p<0.05) higher (68.8%) when milk urea level was ${\leq}32.4mg/dl$. The service period was found significantly (p<0.05) higher ($125.4{\pm}8.8$ days) when milk urea concentration was ${\geq}45.1mg/dl$. The milk P4 level indicated that the cows, those were detected as non-pregnant on day 60 post insemination were initially pregnant but the pregnancy was terminated sometime during the day 30 to 60 post insemination. The study indicates that the milk urea values may be used as an index of reproductive performances in dairy herd when individual animals are not being monitored for nutritional status. The altered milk urea values may be utilised by the farmers as ready reference to rectify the protein and energy nutrition in cows to achieve the better reproductive performances in herd.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.439-444
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• 2012

This study was conducted to determine the effects of electrolytic water washing(EWW) and tap water washing(TWW) on proximate composition, color difference and SDS-PAGE changes of Mackerel(Scomber japonicus) muscle. Moisture contents of washed mackerel sediments EWW were much higher than TWW(p<0.05). Crude proteins of washed mackerel sediments EWW were 1% lower than TWW. Crude lipides had same results with crude proteins. Hunter value L, a, b were tested to each samples. $L^*$ values of TWW were higher than EWW. Both of $aL^*$ values were lower with washing times in order of 3rd>2nd>1st(p<0.05) but 2nd and 3rd of EWW were not significantly different(p>0.05). $b^*$ values were not different between the TWW and EWW(p<0.05). SDS-PAGE patterns of EWW muscle sediments were more darkeness 205KD band than TWW muscle sediments. In these results said that EWW is better than TWW for red meat kamaboko industry, respectively.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.156-171
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• 2023

Purpose: The development of vaccines that confer protection against multiple avian influenza A (AIA) virus strains is necessary to prevent the emergence of highly infectious strains that may result in more severe outbreaks. Thus, this study applied reverse vaccinology approach in strategically constructing messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine construct against avian influenza A (mVAIA) to induce cross-protection while targeting diverse AIA virulence factors. Materials and Methods: Immunoinformatics tools and databases were utilized to identify conserved experimentally validated AIA epitopes. CD8⁺ epitopes were docked with dominant chicken major histocompatibility complexes (MHCs) to evaluate complex formation. Conserved epitopes were adjoined in the optimized mVAIA sequence for efficient expression in Gallus gallus. Signal sequence for targeted secretory expression was included. Physicochemical properties, antigenicity, toxicity, and potential cross-reactivity were assessed. The tertiary structure of its protein sequence was modeled and validated in silico to investigate the accessibility of adjoined B-cell epitope. Potential immune responses were also simulated in C-ImmSim. Results: Eighteen experimentally validated epitopes were found conserved (Shannon index <2.0) in the study. These include one B-cell (SLLTEVETPIRNEWGCR) and 17 CD8⁺ epitopes, adjoined in a single mRNA construct. The CD8⁺ epitopes docked favorably with MHC peptidebinding groove, which were further supported by the acceptable ∆G_bind (-28.45 to -40.59 kJ/mol) and Kd (<1.00) values. The incorporated Sec/SPI (secretory/signal peptidase I) cleavage site was also recognized with a high probability (0.964814). Adjoined B-cell epitope was found within the disordered and accessible regions of the vaccine. Immune simulation results projected cytokine production, lymphocyte activation, and memory cell generation after the 1st dose of mVAIA. Conclusion: Results suggest that mVAIA possesses stability, safety, and immunogenicity. In vitro and in vivo confirmation in subsequent studies are anticipated.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.337-344
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• 2017

This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of organic fertilizer and seed mixture on productivity, botanical composition and forage quality in middle areas(Geumsan, 250m sea level) pasture. Total six experimental pastures (orchardgrass, timothy and tall fescue based seed mixture and with or without organic fertilizer) were established in autumn, 2014 and evaluated productivity and agronomic characteristics from 2015 to 2016. Plant heigh was higher in orchardgrass based mixture and orchardgrass and tall fescue based mixture were higher in $2^{nd}$ harvest. There was not found the significant difference among treatment(P<0.05) in dry matter (DM) content. Botanical composition in $1^{st}$ harvest was higher weed portion in orchardgrass based mixture and legumes was disappeared at $3^{rd}$ harvest in all treatments. Fresh and dry matter yield was higher in $2^{nd}$ year than $1^{st}$ year. In $1^{st}$ year, orchardgrass based mixture with organic fertilizer plot was the highest(P<0.05) DM yield, but tall fescue based mixture with organic fertilizer was the highest in $2^{nd}$ year. Content of crude protein (CP) was the highest in tall fescue based mixture and Timothy based mixture showed low in ADF (acid detergent fiber) and NDF (neutral detergent fiber) content. But the content if in virto dry matter digestibility was higher than others. In $2^{nd}$ year, the nutritive value of $2^{nd}$ and $4^{th}$ harvested grasses were higher and average RFV (relative feed value) value was the highest at $4^{th}$ harvest. According to this result, orchardgrass and tall fescue based mixture would be recommendable for farm who considering productivity and timothy based mixture would be recommendable for considering forage quality in middle areas of Korea.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.278-284
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• 2008

Artificially-produced juvenile black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegeli (total length $8.3{\pm}1.0\;cm$, body weight $11.2{\pm}4.2\;g$) were released in eelgrass, Zostera marina bed and their initial food organism and changes of body compositions were investigated for one month after release. Predation rates in fish sampled on 1st and 3rd days were 79%, increased up to 100% on 7th and 10th days, and then decreased on 30th days as 75%. Major prey organisms was composed of mainly Amphipoda and Gastropoda. Ratio of Amphipoda and Gastropoda in stomach were highest in fish sampled on 15th and 1st days after release, respectively. Crustacea and Algae were maintained about 20% during a sampling period. Visceral weight index (VWI) offish sampled 20th and 30th after release were significantly higher than that of initial. Carcass crude protein and lipid contents of released fish were showed significantly decreasing; however carcass n-3 HUFA composition was showed increasing tendency with the passage of time after release. Eelgrass bed was supposed to be helpful for the released fish to adjust their feeding habits and biochemical metabolism to the natural environment within a short period after release.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.131-145
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of artificial balenotherapy on the with degenerative osteoarthritis were selected as the subject do this study among the patients with degenerative osteoarthritis having pains in their knees by the criteria of America Rheumatoid Association. And the randomly selected ten patients out of the twenty were classified as an artificial balenotherapy group and the other the Patients were in a control group. Ten individuals with degenerative osteoarthritis patients in the artificial balenotherapy group Participated in artificial balenotherapy Program four weeks from March 1st, 2003 to March 31st, 2003 in Daegu 00 hospital. Ten individuals with degenerative osteoarthritis in the control group did not receive Artificial Balenotherapy. The conclusions were as follows: 1. After 4 weeks of therapy, the score of WBC(p < 0.01), RBC(p < 0.01), HTC(p < 0.01) in the artificial blalenotherapy group were significantly decreased, compared with their scores in pre-intervention. 2.In the balenotherapy group, significantly increase $Na^{+}$ ion(P < 0.05), decrease K ion(p < 0.01), unchanged Cl ion scores were found, compared with their scores in pro-intervention. 3. The result of the substudy about the effects of artificial balenotherapy on the substances that have relations with the function of liver were following that artificial balenotherapy group, increased total bilirubin(P < 0.01), unchanged total Protein, Albumin, total cholesterol, GOT, GPT, ALP were found, compared with their score in pre-intervention. 4. The result of the substudy about the effects of artificial balenotherapy on the substances that have relations with the function of kidney were following that in the artificial balenotherapy group, reduced BUN(P < 0.05), and increased creatine were found. 5. The result of the substudy about effects of artificial balenotherapy on the knee pain visual analog score, knee's functional score, ADL score were following that in the artificial balenotherapy group, decreased VAS score(P < 0.05), increased ADL score(p < 0.01), unchanged knee's functional score were founf, compared with their scores of the pre-intervention. In conclusion, the result of this study suggest that artificial balenotherapy improved ADL score and reduced knee pain visual analog score of the patients with degenerative osteoarthritis. The result proposed that appropriate use of artificial balenotherapy improves the degenerative osteoarthritis