• Applied Microscopy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.197-206
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• 1996

cis-Dichlorodiammineplatinum (II) (cis-Platin) inhibits the proliferation and growth of the tumor cells by way of inhibiting DNA and protein synthesis of the cancer cells. Although cis-Platin is very effective antitumor drug, it also produces many other side effects. Thus the author has studied the effects of cis-Platin on the proximal epiphyseal plate in the tibia of the rat. The results were as follows: In the chondrocyte of the proliferative zone, sacculated, and fragmented cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum, some mitochondria with disorganized mitochondrial cristae and distorted procollagens were observed, and in the matrix some large matrix granules and dispersed collagen fibrils were revealed on the 1st, 3rd day and 1st week group of cis-Platin treated rats. In the chondrocyte of the proliferative zone of cis-Platin treated rats on the 2nd and 3rd week group, parallely arranged rough endoplasmic reticulum and many procollagens were shown, and in the matrix a number of large matrix granules and many small matrical granules as well as collagen fibrils were revealed. Consequently it is suggested that though cis-Platin induces the degenerative changes of the chondrocyte resulting in components of the cartilagenous matrix, these toxic effects are regressed with time.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.107-111
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• 2011

The essential operating parameters in virus vaccine production are multiplicity of infection (MOI), harvest time, and infection time. Stimulating agents also can be applied in order to improve vaccine productivity further. We investigated the optimum operating conditions in porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) vaccine production and the applicability of sodium butyrate (NaBu) as a stimulating agents for the improvement of vaccine productivity. The optimum MOI, infection time, and harvest time for high production of TGEV by swine testicle (ST) cells were found to be 0.0001 pfu/cell, 3 day after cell inoculation, and 24 hpi, respectively. NaBu is known as a histone deacetylase inhibitor that has been widely used for the high expression of recombinant protein using mammalian cells and for the enhancement of virus propagation. So we tried to examine the potential of NaBu as a stimulating agent and to determine the optimum concentration by comparing TGEV titers with different range of NaBu concentration. TGEV titer with 5 mM NaBu was 1.5 times higher than control. Therefore, we concluded that NaBu can be a promising agent for stimulating various vaccine production including TGEV and the optimum NaBu concentration for TGEV production was determined to be 5 mM.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.815-836
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• 1999

The role of animal agriculture for the quality of human life has always been emphasized during 20th century and it is expected to be even more important in terms of food supplies and in providing additional functions in the future. The world human population has almost tripled during a period of half century. The world population of animals has increased 2~3 times (6 times for chicken) during the last 60 years, and the total amount of livestock products has increased 5~6 times (more than 10 times in pork) with higher annual growth rate (9%) in developing countries. Increased personal income certainly encouraged demand for animal products over grains and lower animal production costs resulted from scientific and technological advances. Similarly the production of total grains has more than doubled owing to the advances in agricultural science during the later part of the 20th century. The average life span of world people in 1950s was only 46 years, which will be increased to almost 66 years in the year 2000. Present date clearly indicate that the life span of people is proportional to their income (GNP) and/or animal protein intake. Animals can provide other resources than foods. The increase of human population indicates that the number of animals as well as per capita consumption of animal products will be increased in the 21st century. The other resources we get from animals are drafts, packing, riding, hunting and herding. Guiding the blind, protection and companionship are also examples of what we can expect from animals. In the very near future, animals will become major donors of organs, skin and producers of drugs or special functional foods. It may be concluded that animals are very closely associated and related to the quality of human life, and they are expected to remain the same way in the 21st century.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.65-71
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to produce proper nutrition and foodservice through positive intervention for diet-refusal patients who has difficulties in adaptation to hospital diet, and to contribute to hospital management with the focus of fast recovery. The survey was conducted using questionnaires between July 18 and August 17, 2000. The subjects were consisted of 24 diet-refusal patients who were hospitalized in St. Mary's Hospital except the patients hospitalized for the purpose of operation or pre-therapy tests. Also chart reviews were conducted. The statistical analysis of data was done by SAS/win 6.11 package to determine descriptive analysis and paired t-test and Pearson's correlation. The summary of study results is as follows : 1. Most of the subjects was receiving chemotherapy. The leading place for offering private food was from patient's home. Subjects worried about delayed recovery from illness due to nutritional problems caused by extreme fasting. The problems were in order of anorexia, nausea and vomiting during therapy process. 52.4% of subjects ate hospital diet after positive intervention. 2. Major reasons of hospital diet-refusal patients' dissatisfaction were in order of expenses, dissatisfaction, serum total protein levels were significantly lower(p<.05). 3. Serum Alb(p<.05), Hb(p<.05), Hct(p<.05) and TLC(p<.001) levels showed significantly negative correlations with fasting duration. With these results, it is concluded that a major cause of malnutrition among patients is to last fasting.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.239-248
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• 2019

There are no published data on Gyeongokgo (GOK) safety or efficacy despite being commonly use. The Gyeongokgo (GOK) is commonly used in traditional Korean medicine to promote a health qi and blood, but their objective data was not sufficient in clinical field. To investigate the safety and efficacy of GOK with hematologic and serologic testing and the change of the quality of life in healthy individuals. Randomized, subject-assessor-blind, placebo-controlled, single-center pilot study Participants and Interventions 29 healthy volunteer subjects were randomly placed into the GOK group (n = 20) or placebo control group (n = 9) and instructed to take one treatment packet (GOK or placebo) twice daily for 4 weeks. Subjects were assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and underwent hematologic and serologic tests and body composition analysis. The FSS total score (p = 0.093) and SF-36 general health index (p = 0.002) were improved following treatment in the GOK group. Post-treatment thyroid-stimulating hormone levels were increased in the GOK group compared with pre-treatment levels (p = 0.0042). C-reactive protein levels decreased (p = 0.0256) in the GOK group compared with that the placebo group. In time-series tests, GOK did not affect post-prandial serum triglycerides, glucose, insulin, or C-peptide levels. Notably, elevations in serum fasting triglycerides at 2- (p = 0.0333) and 4-hours (p = 0.0414) post-prandial were lower than those in the placebo group. GOK reduced fatigue levels and did not significantly affect laboratory test results performed to measure safety, serum glucose, and lipid profiles. Post-meal triglyceride levels were effectively reduced with treatment.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.254-265
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• 2002

Soybean meal (SBM) is a major protein source in poultry feeds and one of the best quality ingredients because of the relatively high protein content, good amino acid profile and bioavailability. But soybean meal quality is largely dependent on the processing technology and origins. In this experiment, effects of three different soybean meals were evaluated in layer (experiment 1) and broiler (experiment 2). Soybean meal sources used in the experiments were the US-originated dehulled soybean meal (USDHSBM), India-originated non-dehulled soybean meal (India SBM) and Brazil-originated non-dehulled soybean meal (Brazil SBM). Experiment 1 was conducted during growing and laying periods and evaluated the interactive effects of soybean meal sources according to feeding periods on growth performance and egg quality. Experiment 2 was conducted during growing period (day 1-35) and finishing period (day 35-42). The growth performance was measured for the same periods and any possible interaction between soybean meal origins and crude protein levels was also studied. In experiment 1, chicks fed India SBM utilized feed more efficiently (p<0.05) than those fed Brazil SBM from day 29 to day 42. The body weights of layers during the laying period had no relation to egg production. But egg weights were significantly heavier in all the USDHSBM fed groups than other groups (p<0.001) and depended on feed protein source during growing period (p<0.001). The average egg weight of the USDHSBM fed group scored the highest value (65.4 g), followed by the Brazil SBM fed group (62.1 g) and India SBM fed group (62.1 g). There was an effect of interaction between origins of soybean meal fed group in growing and laying period on eggshell color (p<0.01). Eggshell was significantly stronger in the USDHSBM fed (for growing period) groups than other groups (p<0.05) on $31^{st}$ week. Haugh's unit (HU), albumin index and yolk index of the USDHSBM fed group in growing stage were significantly superior (p<0.001) to other groups. In experiment 2, for the 7-week, chicks on the India SBM group gained less (p<0.001) weight than other groups. While daily gain of India SBM chicks was not affected by dietary crude protein level, those of the USDHSBM and Brazil SBM chicks were linearly increased as dietary crude protein level increased from 18% to 20%. The gain per feed ratio of the USDHSBM group was the highest (0.585), followed by the Brazil SBM group (0.568) and India SBM group (0.550) (p<0.01). Therefore, in this experiment, the use of USDHSBM with excellent protein quality and amino acid digestibility could be of advantage to the economic production of layer and broiler.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.369-377
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• 2018

Spinal tuberculosis (ST) is the tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infections in spinal curds. Isoliquiritigenin (4,2',4'-trihydroxychalcone, ISL) is an anti-inflammatory flavonoid derived from licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis), a Chinese traditional medicine. In this study, we evaluated the potential of ISL in treating ST in New Zealand white rabbit models. In the model, rabbits (n=40) were infected with Mtb strain H37Rv or not in their $6^{th}$ lumbar vertebral bodies. Since the day of infection, rabbits were treated with 20 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg of ISL respectively. After 10 weeks of treatments, the adjacent vertebral bone tissues of rabbits were analyzed through Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The relative expression of Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), transcription factor ${\kappa}B$ ($NF-{\kappa}B$) p65 in lymphocytes were verified through reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The serum level of interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10 and interferon ${\gamma}$ ($IFN-{\gamma}$) were evaluated through ELISA. The effects of ISL on the phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, $IKK{\alpha}/{\beta}$ and p65 in $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling pathways were assessed through western blotting. In the results, ISL has been shown to effectively attenuate the granulation inside adjacent vertebral tissues. The relative level of MCP-1, p65 and IL-4 and IL-10 were retrieved. $NF-{\kappa}B$ signaling was inhibited, in which the phosphorylation of p65, $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ and $IKK{\alpha}/{\beta}$ were suppressed whereas the level of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$ were elevated. In conclusion, ISL might be an effective drug that inhibited the formation of granulomas through downregulating MCP-1, $NF-{\kappa}B$, IL-4 and IL-10 in treating ST.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2005

Objective : Many researchers believe that the hypothermia shows neuro-protective effect on brain injury. To understand the molecular mechanism of the hypothermic treatment, this study investigated its effects on the expression of cell death or survival related proteins such as p53, Bcl-2 and Bax in the rat traumatic brain injury[TBI] model. Methods : Twenty rats [Spraque Dawley, $200{\sim}250g$] were subjected to the brain injury of moderate severity [$2.4{\sim}2.6atm$] using the fluid percussion injury device and five rats were received only same surgery as controls. During 30minutes after the brain injury, the hypothermia group was maintained the body temperature around $34^{\circ}C$ while the control group were maintained that of $36^{\circ}C$. Five rats in each group were sacrificed 12h or 24h after brain injury and their brain sections was analyzed for physical damages by H-E stains and the extent of apoptosis by TUNEL assay and immunohistochemical stains. The tissue damage after TBI was mainly observed in the ipsilateral cortex and partly in the hippocampus. Results : Apoptosis was observed by TUNEL assay and the Bax protein was detected in both sample which harvested 12h and 24h after TBI. In the hypothermia treatment group, tissue damage and apoptosis were reduced in HE stains and TUNEL assay. In hypothermia treatment group rat shows more expression of the Bcl-2 protein and shows less expression of the Bax protein, at both 12h and 24h after TBI. Conclusion : These results show that the hypothermia treatment is an effective treatment after TBI, by reducing the apoptotic process. Therefore, it could be suggested that hypothermia has a high therapeutic value for treating tissue damages after TBI.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.158-164
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• 2017

Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a highly reactive metabolite of glucose which is known to cause damage and induce apoptosis in endothelial cells. Endothelial cell damage is implicated in the progression of diabetes-associated complications and atherosclerosis. Hypericin, a naphthodianthrone isolated from Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John's Wort), is a potent and selective inhibitor of protein kinase C and is reported to reduce neuropathic pain. In this work, we investigated the protective effect of hypericin on MGO-induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Hypericin showed significant anti-apoptotic activity in MGO-treated HUVECs. Pretreatment with hypericin significantly inhibited MGO-induced changes in cell morphology, cell death, and production of intracellular reactive oxygen species. Hypericin prevented MGO-induced apoptosis in HUVECs by increasing Bcl-2 expression and decreasing Bax expression. MGO was found to activate mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). Pretreatment with hypericin strongly inhibited the activation of MAPKs, including P38, JNK, and ERK1/2. Interestingly, hypericin also inhibited the formation of AGEs. These findings suggest that hypericin may be an effective regulator of MGO-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, hypericin downregulated the formation of AGEs and ameliorated MGO-induced dysfunction in human endothelial cells.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.287-296
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• 2002

A field trial was conducted from May to November 2000 at four regions of Jeju province(Jeju, Seogwipo, Susan Seongsan and Keumak Hallim) to estimate adaptation, dry matter yield and nutrient value of kenafs(Everglades 41 and China Choung-pi 3) and a sorghum-sudangrass hybrid(Pioneer 947). Total dry matter(DM) yields of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid Pioneer 947, kenaf Everglades 41 and kenaf China Chong-pi 3 were 7,313, 4,653 and 5,238 kg/ha(P<0.05), respectively, kenaf China Chong-pi 3 being the highest. The region specific dry matter(DM) yields of Jeju, Seogwipo, Seongsan and Hallim area were 5,040, 5,663, 7,283 and 4,950kg/ha, respectively, showing that Seogwipo was the highest. Average DM yields of two kenaf varieties were 4,946, and 3,246 kg/ha for 1st time-cutting and 2nd time-cutting, respectively. The average dry matter(DM) yield of kenaf was significantly higher in the 1st time-cutting than the 2nd time. No significant difference in neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) contents was found among three varieties. The average crude protein(CP) content of kenaf was higher than that of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid(P<0.05) and was higher in 2nd time-cutting than in 1st time-cutting(P<0.05). There were no significant difference in the heavy metal content of soil either between the sorghum hybrid and kenafs or between two kenaf varieties. In conclusion, the average dry matter(DM) yield of kenaf was lower than that of sorghum hybrid, Contrarily the crude protein(CP) content of kenafs was higher than that of the sorghum hybrid. The average dry matter(DM) yield of kenaf showed higher in 1st time-cutting than 2nd time-cutting, while the crude protein(CP) content of kenafs decreased with time.