• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.125-129
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• 2005

Two kinds of physical treatments were examined for the analysis both of intrinsic surface and interior nature of CuInS $e_2$[CIS] and CuGaS $e_2$[CGS] films grown in separated systems. For the first method, a selenium protection layer which was immediately deposited after the growth of the CIS was investigated. The Se cap layer protects CISe surface from oxidation and contamination during the transport under ambient atmosphere. The Se cap was removed by thermal annealing at temperature above 15$0^{\circ}C$. After the decapping treatment at 2$25^{\circ}C$ for 60 min, ultraviolet photoemission and inverse photoemission measurements of the CIS film showed that its valence band maximum(VBM) and conduction band minimum (CBM) are located at 0.58 eV below and 0.52 eV above the Fermi level $E_{F}$, respectively. For the second treatment, an Ar ion beam etching was exploited. The etching with ion kinetic energy $E_{k}$ above 500 eV resulted in broadening of photoemission spectra of core signals and occasional development of metallic feature around $E_{F}$. These degradations were successfully suppressed by decreasing $E_{k}$ below 400 eV. CGS films etched with the beam of $E_{k}$ = 400 eV showed a band gap of 1.7 eV where $E_{F}$ was almost centered.st centered.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.807-812
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• 2002

In order to analyze the cellular proteins which interact with core protein of hepatitis C virus (HCV), a yeast two-hybrid screening technique was employed. A carboxyl terminus truncated core protein, which contained amino acid residues from the 1st to 120th, was used as a bait to screen cellular proteins. The expression library prepared from HeLa cell was screened and 400 positive clones were selected. The 75 clones from the positive clones were sequenced and analyzed by undergoing the Blast search. Interestingly, 7 out of the 75 clones encoded E7 antigen of human papilloma virus (HPV). We studied in detail the Interaction between the truncated version of HCV core and E7 antigen in vitro. The core$_{120}$ protein expressed in chimeric form with G57 was able to bring down the E7 protein of HPV type 18 expressed in bacteria. It is therefore suggested that the core of HCV might affect the interaction between E7 and a normal cellular tumor suppressor, known as Rb protein.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2007

Interactions between viral proteins and host proteins are essential for virus replication. Especially, translation of viral genes completely depends on the host machinery. In potyviruses, interactions of genome-linked viral protein (VPg) with host translation factors including eIF4E, eIF(iso)4E, and poly(A)-binding protein (PABP) has previously been characterized. In this study, we investigated interactions between Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) viral proteins and host translation factors by yeast two-hybrid system. SMV VPg interacted with eIF4E, eIF(iso)4E, and PABP in yeast two-hybrid system, while SMV helper component proteinase (HC-pro) interacted with neither of those proteins. The interaction between SMV NIb and PABP was also detected. These results are consistent with those reported previously in other potyviruses. Interestingly, we found reproducible and specific interactions between SMV coat protein (CP) and PABP. Deletion analysis showed that the region of CP comprising amino acids 116 to 206 and the region of PABP comprising amino acids 520 to 580 are involved in CP/PABP interactions. Soybean library screening with SMV NIb by yeast two-hybrid assay also identified several soybean proteins including chlorophyll a/b binding preprotein, photo-system I-N subunit, ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase, ST-LSI protein, translation initiation factor 1, TIR-NBS type R protein, RNA binding protein, ubiquitin, and LRR protein kinase. Altogether, these results suggest that potyviral replicase may comprise a multi-protein complex with PABP, CP, and other host factors.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of electroacupuncture on NeuN expression in ventral horn motor neurons of spinal cord, changes in pain thresholdchanges in motor function in rats with partially dissected sciatic nerves. Method: A total of 120 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, a control group and a group administered electroacupuncture at ST36, LI11 and SP9 with 120 Hz and 0.5 mA. Animals were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 after nerve injury (the sciatic nerve was partially dissected). The pain threshold was recorded by an Analgesia? meter and a BBB? score was calculated for motor function. After preparing lumbar spinal cord slide sections, they were immunostained with NeuN antisera (1:2,500). Results: The numbers of NeuN immunoreactive neuronsin the electroacupuncture group was increased compared to the control group. The numbers of NeuN immunoreactive neurons on days 14 and 28 day were different (p<0.05), as were the numbers on days 3 and 7 (p<0.01). The pain threshold BBB score for the electroacupuncture group was higher than for controls. Conclusion: The increase in pain threshold, BBB-score and number of NeuN immunoreactive neurons inventral horn motor neurons of spinal cord in rats withnerve dissection showed that electroacupuncture can attenuate pain transduction and increase motor function. Also, NeuN was a good marker for identifying the degree of nerve cell loss after nervous system injury.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제41회 하계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.70-70
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• 2011

The prospects of current and coming solar-photovoltaic (PV) technologies are envisioned, arguing this solar-electricity source is beyond a tipping point in the complex worldwide energy outlook. Truly, a revolution in both the technological advancements of solar PV and the deployment of this energy technology is underway; PV is no longer an outlier. The birth of modern photovoltaics (PV) traces only to the mid-1950s, with the Bell Telephone Laboratories' development of an efficient, single-crystal Si solar cell. Since then, Si has dominated the technology and the markets, from space through terrestrial applications. Recently, some significant shift toward technology diversity have taken place. Some focus of this presentation will be directed toward PV R&D and technology advances, with indications of the limitations and relative strengths of crystalline (Si and GaAs) and thin-film (a-Si:H, Si, Cu(In,Ga)(Se,S)2, CdTe). Recent advances, contributions, industry growth, and technological pathways for transformational now and near-term technologies (Si and primarily thin films) and status and forecasts for next-generation PV (nanotechnologies and non-conventional and "new-physics" approaches) are evaluated. The need for R&D accelerating the now and imminent (evolutionary) technologies balanced with work in mid-term (disruptive) approaches is highlighted. Moreover, technology progress and ownership for next generation solar PV mandates a balanced investment in research on longer-term (the revolution needs revolutionary approaches to sustain itself) technologies (quantum dots, multi-multijunctions, intermediate-band concepts, nanotubes, bio-inspired, thermophotonics, ${\ldots}$ and solar hydrogen) having high-risk, but extremely high performance and cost returns for our next generations of energy consumers. This presentation provides insights to the reasons for PV technology emergence, how these technologies have to be developed (an appreciation of the history of solar PV)-and where we can expect to be by this mid-21st century.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2006

Periductal mastitis is a specific clinicopathologic entity, and is referred to by several names: recurrent subareolar abscess, squamous metaplasia of the lactiferous duct, and Zuska's disease. Clinically, the differentiation of periductal mastitis from other benign lesions and carcinomas around the nipple frequently proves a difficult proposition. We reviewed the fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) of 14 cases of periductal mastitis, which had been diagnosed either radiologically, histologically, or clinically. The patient group included 13 female patients, and one male. The majority of the patients in this group had presented with subareolar masses. All cases evidenced characteristic anucleated squamous cell clusters within a mixed inflammatory background. A diagnosis of periductal mastitis can be rendered fairly readily on excisional biopsy. However, FNAC is considered to be superior to excisional biopsy as an initial diagnostic procedure for any palpable mass in subareolar lesions of the breast. FNAC can also be a useful diagnostic technique in cases of periductal mastitis, even in the early phases of the disease. A definitive diagnosis of subareolar abscess via FNAC will enable the clinician to select the most appropriate medical or surgical treatment.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 발생공학 국제심포지움 및 학술대회 발표자료집
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• pp.57-57
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the general characteristics such as volume, sperm concentration, sperm motility, sperm abnormality on whole semen, RSP-S and RSP-T semen and fractional semen of small size dogs, and the effect of temperature and preservation time and cryoproservation on motility of whole and RSP-S and RSP- T semen. Multiple ejaculates were collected from small dogs by the digital manipulation of penis. 1. The volume per ejaculate semen, sperm of concentration and motility and abnormal sperm rate of 1st fractional semen were 0.65±0.09㎖, 4.52±0.35×10/sup 6/ cells/㎖, 15.64±3.85% and 5.50±0.62%. Also, 2nd fractional semen were 1.25±0.20㎖, 3.35±0.48×10/sup 6/cells/㎖, 96.25±4.65% and 4.24±0.46%. And 3rd fractional semen were 1.45±0.21㎖, 3.85±0.52×10/sup 6/cell/㎖, 92.82±4.24% and 4.66±0.58%, respectively. 2. The sperm of concentration and motility and abnormal sperm rates of whole, RSP-S and RSP-T semen were 5.45±0.82×10/sup 6/ cells/㎖, 95.55±4.65%, 4.58±0.45% and 4.82±0.36×10/sup 6/cells/㎖, 90.10±3.42%, 6.48±0.68% and 4.55±0.45× 10/sup 6/cells/㎖, 93.25±3.85%, 4.82±0.58%, respectively. 3. The motility of whole, RSP-S and RSP-T semen were higher at 4℃ than at 38℃. When preservation temperature was at 4℃, survival rates of RSP-S and RSP-T sperm were 97.54%-6.25% at 1-72 hrs, 97.40%-5.62% at 1-100 hrs, respectively. 4. The survival rates of slow and rapid frozen 2nd fraction, RSP-S and RSP-T semen were 67.3±4.45%, 88.8±4.46% and 46.4±3.84%, 74.4±4.20%, respectively. Survival rates was significantly higher in frozen RSP-S and RSP-T semen than that in control group(8.5±2.12%).

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.813-818
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• 1995

부추추출물의 김치산패 억제효과를 검토하기 위하여 부추 MeOH추출물을 동결건조하여 powder형태로 첨가시기를 달리하여 김치에 첨가하고 pH 및 산도의 변화, 총균수, Lactobacillus속, Leuconostoc속, Pediococcus속 및 Streptococcus속 그리고 효모수의 변화를 측정하였다. pH의 변화는 김치 담금초기에 부추추출물을 첨가한 김치가 pH 감소가 작았고 그 다음으로 숙성 1일째 첨가한 김치에서 차이가 보였지만 숙성 2일${\sim}$4일째 첨가한 김치는 pH 변화가 대조구 김치와 같은 양상을 보였다. 산도의 변화는 김치 담금 초기에 첨가한 김치에 비해 산도 증가 속도가 낮았으며 그 다음으로 숙성 1일째 첨가한 김치는 산도증가가 낮았으나 숙성 2일${\sim}$4일째 첨가한 김치의 산도의 변화는 대조구 김치의 산도변화와 비슷한 경향을 나타냈다. 김치발효 관련 미생물의 변화는 김치 담금초기에 부추추출물을 첨가한 김치에서 생육 억제효과가 인정되었고 특히 Pediococcus속에 대해서는 뚜렷하였으며 Lactobacillus속 및 Leuconostoc속에 대해서도 차이를 보였다. 그 다음으로 숙성 1일째에 첨가한 김치에서 생육 억제효과가 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 pH, 산도 변화에서 김치 담금초기에 부추추출물을 첨가한 김치 및 숙성 1일째 첨가한 김치의 결과와 일치하였다. 부추추출물의 첨가시기는 김치담금초기가 가장 효과적이며 그 다음으로 숙성 1일째가 효과적이며 부추추출물을 첨가한 김치의 산패 지연효과는 1.5일로 나타났다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.92-96
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• 2003

반죽을 중종법으로 제조하여 1차발효 후 냉동생지 제조시 비타민 C의 양을 다르게 첨가하여 효모의 생균수, 제품의 부피, 비용적, 조직감 및 관능검사 등에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 효모의 생균수는 비타민 C를 100 ppm 첨가한 것에서 높은 생존율을 나타냈다. 비용적과 부피에서는 비타민 C를 150 ppm 첨가한 것에서 가장 높은 값을 나타냈다. 제품의 조직감에 미치는 영향은 비타민 C의 첨가량이 많을수록 높은 값을 모여 첨가량이 많을수록 부드럽지 못함을 나타냈다. 관능검사에서는 비타민 C를 100 ppm 첨가한 것이 높은 점수를 얻었다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.515-528
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• 1998

홍수터 흐름의 모의를 위한 준2차원 계산모형을 수립하였다. 모형의 계산망으 2차원 홍수터 구획체계를 하도와 결합한 것으로서 일반적으로 폐합형 망으로 구성된다. 홍수터 흐름에 대해서는 각 구획에서의 수량보존에 관한 연속방정식 및 인접구획간 하도형 또는 월류형 수위-유량 관계식을, 하천 본류에 대해서는 1차원 부정류에 대한 St.Venant 방정식을 각각 지배방정식으로 하여 흐름을 모의하는 준2차원 계산모형으로서, 폐합형 하천수계에 대한 부정류 해석 수치기법을 홍수터 흐름까지 포함하도록 확장함으로써 하천 본류 및 홍수터 흐름을 동시에 모의할 수 있는 수치모형을 개발하였다. 개발된 모형을 여러 검증문제에 적용하여 모형의 적용성을 조사하였으며, 각종 모형의 매개변수들에 관한 민감도 분석을 수행하였다. 흐름단면의 형상이 복잡하고 불규칙적일수록 본 모형이 Cunge(1975)의 경우보다 정확한 계산결과를 나타내었으며, 하천 본류로부터 홍수터로의 범람은 물론, 본류로의 재유입, 즉 흐름방향이 반전되는 현상이 잘 모의되었다.