• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• 제21권E2호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2005

A novel hybrid system composed of a biotrickling filter and an activated sludge reactor was investigated under the conditions of four different SRTs (sludge retention times). The performance of the hybrid reactor was found to be directly comparable among the four different sludge ages. Discernible differences in the removal performance were observed among four different SRTs of 2, 4, 6, and 8 days. High removal efficiency was achieved by continuous circulation of activated sludge over the immobilized mixture culture, which allowed on pH control, addition of nutrients, and removal of paint VOCs (volatile organic compounds). The results also showed that the removal efficiency for a given pollutant depends on the activity of microorganisms based on the SRT. As the SRT increased gradually from 2 to 8 days, the average removal performance decreased. The highest removal rate was achieved at the SRT of 2 days at which the highest OUR (oxygen uptake rate), $6.1mg-O_2/liter-min$ was measured. Biological activity in the recycle microbes decreased to a much lower level, $3.6mg-O_2/liter-min$ at a SRT of 8 days. It is thus believed that young microorganisms were more active and more efficient for the VOCs removal of low concentrations and high flow rates. The apparent correlation of $R^2=0.996$ between the average removal efficiency and the average OUR at each SRTs suggests that VOCs degradation by young cells significantly affected the overall removal efficiency for the tested SRTs.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.429-434
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• 2009

목 적 : 중증의 양수 흡인은 출생 직후 신생아에서 호흡부전을 일으키는 원인이 된다. 저자들은 인공환기요법이 필요했던 중증 AFAS를 가진 환아를 대상으로 이 질환의 임상양상과 SRT 효과를 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 최근 7년간(2000-2006) 계명대학교 동산의료원 신생아 중환자실에 입원한 후 중증의 AFAP으로 인공환기요법을 받았던 28명의 환아를 대상으로 의무기록과 방사선 영상소견을 후향적으로 조사하였다. 양수가 태변에 오염된 경우에는 대상에서 제외하였다. 결 과 : 대상 환아는 대부분 만삭아(82.1%)였고 제왕절개술로 분만된 경우(85.7%)가 많았으며, 1분과 5분 Apgar 점수는 각각 $6.5{\pm}1.2$점, $7.5{\pm}1.3$점으로 비교적 양호하였다. 이들에서 출생 초기 성대 이하의 기도에서 흡인한 양수 양은 $16.0{\pm}10.1$ mL였다. 모든 예에서 SRT (modified bovine-derived surfactant; 120 mg/kg/dose)가 시행되었으며 1회 투여가 대부분(75%)이었다. SRT 전과 비교에서 인공환기요법에 따른 OI ($8.0{\pm}9.6$ vs. $18.9{\pm}7.3$)는 SRT 12시간 후에 감소하였고(P<0.001), 대부분의 예에서 SRT 후 12시간 경 흉부 방사선 영상의 통기소견이 시행 전에 비해서 호전되었다. 심폐계 합병증을 동반한 예(46.4%)가 많았지만 전체적으로 높은 생존율(96.4%)을 보였다. 결 론 : AFAP는 준 만삭아와 만삭아에서 심한 호흡곤란의 중요한 원인이 될 수 있으며, 인공 환기요법이 필요한 중증의 AFAP에 대한 SRT는 좋은 임상경과와 치료성적의 향상에 도움이 될 것으로 사료되나 추가 연구가 필요하다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2016

Purpose: This study examined whether a single application of a lumbar flexion muscle energy technique (MET) could significantly influence pain, functional status, and range of motion in chronic back pain patients with restricted active trunk flexion. Methods: Twenty volunteers were randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental group. Ten subjects in the control group received no treatment. Ten subjects in the experimental group received five sessions with the muscle energy technique, five times per week for two weeks. Outcomes were measured before and after two weeks of treatment in both groups. Pain intensity was assessed using a visual analogue scale (VAS). Range of motion was measured using the sit-and-reach test (SRT). Functional disability levels were assessed using the Korean version of the Oswestry Disability Index (KODI). Results: The experimental group showed a significant difference in VAS, KODI, and SRT between pre- and post-treatment (p < .05), while the control group showed no significant changes. The changes in VAS, ODI, and SRT were statistically significant between the groups pre- and post-treatment (p < .05). Conclusion: This muscle energy technique is clinically effective for chronic low back pain patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1901-1906
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• 2015

Background: Brain metastases occur in about 20-40% of patients with non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and are usually associated with a poor outcome. Whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is widely used but increasingly, more aggressive local treatments such as surgery or stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) or stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) are being employed. In our study we aimed to describe the various factors affecting outcomes in NSCLC patients receiving local therapy for brain metastases. Materials and Methods: The case records of 125 patients with NSCLC and brain metastases consecutively treated with radiotherapy at two tertiary centres from January 2006 to June 2012 were analysed for patient, tumour and treatment-related prognostic factors. Patients receiving SRS/SRT were treated using Cyberknife. Variables were examined in univariate and multivariate testing. Results: Overall median survival was 3.4 months (95%CI: 1.7-5.1). Median survival for patients with multiple metastases receiving WBRT was 1.5 months, 1-3 metastases receiving WBRT was 3.6 months and 1-3 metastases receiving surgery or SRS/SRT was 8.9 months. ECOG score (${\leq}2$ vs >2, p=0.001), presence of seizure (yes versus no, p=0.031), treatment modality according to number of brain metastases (1-3 metastases+surgery or $SRS/SRT{\pm}WBRT$ vs 1-3 metastases+WBRT only vs multiple metastases+WBRT only, p=0.007) and the use of post-therapy systemic treatment (yes versus no, p=0.001) emerged as significant on univariate analysis. All four factors remained statistically significant on multivariate analysis. Conclusions: ECOG ${\leq}2$, presence of seizures, oligometastatic disease treated with aggressive local therapy (surgery or SRS/SRT) and the use of post-therapy systemic treatment are favourable prognostic factors in NSCLC patients with brain metastases.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권6호
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• pp.697-709
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• 1997

Sequencing Batch Reactor(SBR) experiments for organics and nutrients removal have been conducted to find an optimum anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic cycling time and evaluate the applicability of oxidation-reduction potential(ORP) as a process control parameter. In this study, a 61 bench-scale plant was used and fed with night-soil wastewater in K city which contained TCODcr : 10, 680 mg/l, TBm : 6, 893 mg/l, $NH_4^+-N$ : 1, 609 mg/l, $PO_4^{3-}-P$ : 602 mg/l on average. The cycling time In SBRs was adjusted at 12 hours and 24 hours, and then certainly included anaerobic, aerobic and inoxic conditions. Also, for each cycling time, we performed 3 series of experiment simultaneously which was set up 10 days, 20 days and 30 days as SRT From the experimental results, the optimum cycling time for biological nutrient removal with nlght-soil wastewater was respctively 3hrs, 5hrs, 3hrs(anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic), Nitrogen removal efficiency was 77.9%, 77.9%, 81.7% for each SRT, respectively. When external carbon source was fed in the anoxic phase, ORP-bending point indicating nitrate break point appeared clearly and nitrogen removal efficiency increased as 96.5%, 97.1%, 98.9%. Phosphate removal efficiency was 59.8%, 64.571, 68.6% for each SRT. Also, we finded the applicability of ORP as a process control parameter in SBRs.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

This paper considers a numerical assessment of the self-propulsion performance of a damaged ferry carrying cars in irregular waves. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations were performed to see whether the ferry complied with the Safe Return to Port (SRtP) regulations of Lloyd's register, which require that damaged passenger ships should be able to return to port with a speed of 6 knots (3.09 m/s) in Beaufort 8 sea conditions. Two situations were considered for the damaged conditions, i.e., 1) the portside propeller was blocked but the engine room was not flooded and 2) the portside propeller was blocked and one engine room was flooded. The self-propulsion results for the car ferry in intact condition and in the damaged conditions were assessed as follows. First, we validated that the portside propeller was blocked in calm water based on the available experimental results provided by KRISO. The active thrust of starboard propeller with the portside propeller blocked was calculated in Beaufort 8 sea conditions, and the results were compared with the experimental results provided by MARIN, and there was reasonable agreement. The thrust provided by the propeller and the brake horsepower (BHP) with one engine room flooded were compared with the values when the engine room was not flooded. The numerical results were compared with the maximum thrust of the propeller and the maximum brake horse power of the engine to determine whether the damaged car ferry could attain a speed of 6 knots(3.09 m/s).

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2014

Purpose: To study the long-term outcomes and tolerance in our patients who received dose escalated radiotherapy in the early salvage post-prostatectomy setting. Materials and Methods: The medical records of 54 consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy subsequently followed by salvage radiation therapy (SRT) to the prostate bed between 2003-2010 were analyzed. Patients included were required to have a pre-radiation prostate specific antigen level (PSA) of 2 ng/mL or less. The median SRT dose was 70.2 Gy. Biochemical failure after salvage radiation was defined as a PSA level >0.2 ng/mL. Biochemical control and survival endpoints were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to identify the potential impact of confounding factors on outcomes. Results: The median pre-SRT PSA was 0.45 ng/mL and the median follow-up time was 71 months. The 4- and 7-year actuarial biochemical control rates were 75.7% and 63.2%, respectively. The actuarial 4- and 7-year distant metastasis-free survival was 93.7% and 87.0%, respectively, and the actuarial 7-year prostate cancer specific survival was 94.9%. Grade 3 late genitourinary toxicity developed in 14 patients (25.9%), while grade 4 late genitourinary toxicity developed in 2 patients (3.7%). Grade 3 late gastrointestinal toxicity developed in 1 patient (1.9%), and grade 4 late gastrointestinal toxicity developed in 1 patient (1.9%). Conclusion: In this series with long-term follow-up, early SRT provided outcomes and toxicity profiles similar to those reported from the three major randomized trials studying adjuvant radiation therapy.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권8호
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• pp.240-247
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• 2012

보철물이 구강 내 제 기능을 하기 위해 가장 중요한 요소 중 하나는 적합도이다. 본 연구의 목적은 그 동안 시도되지 않았던 광간섭단층영상기를 이용하여 비파괴적인 방법으로 적합도를 측정해보고, 측정된 값을 기존의 방법으로 측정된 값과 비교하여 보고자 한다. 실험을 위해 상악 우측 중절치가 지대치인 석고모형 10개를 제작하고 치과용 캐드캠으로 각각의 모형에 해당하는 지르코니아 코어를 10개 제작하였다. 시편 당 5부위 씩 광간섭단층영상기로 적합도를 측정하고, 같은 부위를 기존의 방법인 실리 복제본 기술로 측정하였다. 두 집단 간의 평균 값에 유의한 차이가 있는지 알아보기 위해 독립표본 t-검정을 실시하였다(${\alpha}$=0.05). 그 결과 측정된 두 집단 간의 평균 값에는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았고(P>0.05), 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때 앞으로 광간섭단층영상기를 이용한 보철물의 적합도 측정이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2018

Purpose: Minimally invasive surfactant therapy (MIST) is currently used as a method of surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in preterm infants with a gestational age of less than 30 weeks. However, few studies have been conducted on MIST in neonates with a gestational age of 30 weeks or more. In this study, we compared MIST with endotracheal intubation as a rescue SRT for spontaneously breathing neonates with a gestational age of 30 weeks or more who were diagnosed with RDS. Methods: We investigated the clinical characteristics of spontaneously breathing neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of the Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2016. These neonates were born at a gestational age of 30 weeks or more and were diagnosed with RDS. The neonates who were administered surfactant by MIST were categorized into the MIST group (n=16) and those who underwent endotracheal intubation were categorized into the control group (n=45). Thereafter, the clinical characteristics between the groups were compared. Results: Compared to the control group, the MIST group was less likely to require mechanical ventilation within 72 hours (P<0.001). The frequency of bradycardia during SRT was also low in the MIST group (P=0.033). Conclusion: MIST is considered relatively feasible and safe for treating RDS for reducing the need for mechanical ventilation and decreasing the occurrence of bradycardia during surfactant administration in neonates with a gestational age of 30 weeks or more.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.159-169
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• 2017

PURPOSE. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the marginal and internal gaps, and the potential clinical applications of three different methods of dental prostheses fabrication, and to compare the prostheses prepared using the silicone replica technique (SRT) and those prepared using the three-dimensional superimposition analysis (3DSA). MATERIALS AND METHODS. Five Pekkton, lithium disilicate, and zirconia crowns were each manufactured and tested using both the SRT and the two-dimensional section of the 3DSA. The data were analyzed with the nonparametric version of a two-way analysis of variance using rank-transformed values and the Tukey's post-hoc test (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. Significant differences were observed between the fabrication methods in the marginal gap (P < .010), deep chamfer (P < .001), axial wall (P < .001), and occlusal area (P < .001). A significant difference in the occlusal area was found between the two measurement methods (P < .030), whereas no significant differences were found in the marginal gap (P > .350), deep chamfer (P > .719), and axial wall (P > .150). As the 3DSA method is three-dimensional, it allows for the measurement of arbitrary points. CONCLUSION. All of the three fabrication methods are valid for measuring clinical objectives because they produced prostheses within the clinically acceptable range. Furthermore, a three-dimensional superimposition analysis verification method such as the silicone replica technique is also applicable in clinical settings.