• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.181-192
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• 1994

There have been many different theories on the etiology of temporomandibular disorders(TMDs). The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of occlusal fctors and recent life event changes as prediposing fctor on the development of temporomandibjlar disorders. To evaluate the above predisposing factor, the author used T-scan system(Tekscan Co. U.S.A.) for quantitative occlusal analysis, clinical examination for occlusal state and Social Readjustment Rating Scale(SRRS) for recent life event change units (LCU). 63 patients with TMDs and 57 patients with malocclusion presented at Wonkwang University Dental Hospital participated in this study. The subjects were grouped by Angle's classification and presence of absence of TMDs and parafunctional oral habits. Data gained with regard to contact number, contact force, contact time, occlusal state(number of total teeth and occluding teeth, overjet, overbite) and occlusal interferences (protrusive posterior contact, nonworking side interference, and RCP-ICP slide) and recent life event changes. The data were processed and analysed by SAS statistical package program, The results of this study were as follows : 1. There were no significant differences on both quantitative occlusal contact analysis and occlusal state between TMDs group and Angle's malocclusion group. Also, there were no differences among the Angle's classifications. But amount of overjet in TMDs group were more greater than that of malocclusion group. 2. There was no difference on protrusive posterior contact, and balancing contact between TMDs group and Angle's malocclusion group. Premature contact was more frequent in malocclusion group, but RCP-ICP slide was more frequent in TMDs group. And RCP-ICP slide was more freqent in Angle's class II malocclusion than Angle's I or III malocclusion. 3. Life changes units in TMDs group were higher than those in malocclusion group. And recent life change units in group with parafunctional oral habit were higher than those in group without parafunctional oral habits. Clenching was the most common habit among parafunctional oral habits.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.3117-3121
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• 2013

Objective: Previous epidemiologic studies demonstrated that obesity might associated with the risk of bladder cancer. However, many of the actual association findings remained conflicting. To better clarify and provide a comprehensive summary of the correlation between obesity and bladder cancer risk, we conducted a meta-analysis to summarize results of studies on the issue. Stratified analyses were also performed on potential variables and characteristics. Methods: Studies were identified by searching in PubMed and Wanfang databases, covering all the papers published from their inception to March 10, 2013. Summary relative risks (SRRs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by either random-effect or fixed-effect models. Results: A total of 11 cohort studies were included in our meta-analysis, which showed that obesity was associated with an increased risk for bladder cancer in all subjects (RR=1.10, 95% CI=1.06-1.16; p=0.215 for heterogeneity; $I^2$=24.0%). Among the 9 studies that controlled for cigarette smoking, the pooled RR was 1.09 (95% CI 1.01-1.17; p=0.131 for heterogeneity; $I^2$=35.9%). No significant publication bias was detected (p = 0.244 for Egger's regression asymmetry test). Conclusions: Our results support the conclusion that obesity is associated with the increased risk of bladder cancer. Further research is needed to generate a better understanding of the correlation and to provide more convincing evidence for clinical intervention in the prevention of bladder cancer.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.299-307
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• 2010

In conjunction with geochemical characteristics, rate of sulfate reduction was investigated at two sediment sites in the continental slope and rise (basin) of the Ulleung Basin in the East Sea. Geochemical sediment analysis revealed that the surface sediments of the basin site (D2) were enriched with manganese oxides (348 ${\mu}mol$ $cm^{-3}$) and iron oxides (133 ${\mu}mol$ $cm^{-3}$), whereas total reduced sulfur (TRS) in the solid phase was nearly depleted. Sulfate reduction rates (SRRs) ranged from 20.96 to 92.87 nmol $cm^{-3}$ $d^{-1}$ at the slope site (M1) and from 0.65 to 22.32 nmol $cm^{-3}$ $d^{-1}$ at the basin site (D2). Depth integrated SRR within the top 10 cm depth of the slope site (M1; 5.25 mmol $m^{-2}$ $d^{-1}$) was approximately 6 times higher than that at the basin site (D2; 0.94 mmol $m^{-2}$ $d^{-1}$) despite high organic content (>2.0% dry wt.) in the sediment of both sites. The results indicate that the spatial variations of sulfate reduction are affected by the distribution of manganese oxide and iron oxide-enriched surface sediment of the Ulleung Basin.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.97-107
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• 1997

As a preliminary step to develop the Daily stress Inventory(DSI) for assessing minor stressors frequently experienced in everyday lift. We examined the reliability and validity of the DSI. The Daily Stress Inventory(DSI), the Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), the Social Readjustment Rating Scale(SRRS) and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI) were administered to 111 college students. Compared with the weekly DSI Event, Impact and I/E ratio scores of the American college students, the weekly event and I/E ratio scores of the Korean college students were significantly higher but weekly Impact score was lower. The internal consistency reliability of the DSI as computed by Cronbach alpha was .98. The DSI I/E ratio scores were significantly correlated with the scores of State Anxiety$({\gamma}=.27)$ and Trait Anxiety${\gamma}=.24)$, but not with BDI scores. And the SSRS scores were not significantly correlated to the DSI Event or Impact and In ratio scores. Significant correlations were revealed between the DSI Impact scores and the Sc and Ma scales of the MMPI. And the correlation between the DSI I/E ratio scores and the L, D, Hy, Pd and Pa scales of the MMPI was also significant. But no significant correlation was found between the DSI Event scores and all the scales of the MMPI. This study suggests that the DSI can be a reliable and valid tool to assess the minor stress frequently experienced in everyday life future study should be directed to obtain normative data based on more varied and larger population. Especially gathering additional evidences for the validity of the DSI using other minor stressor scale will be required.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2008

구형 도파관 기법을 이용하여 다양한 모양을 가진 주기적인 metamaterial (MTM) 셀의 복소 유전율과 투자율을 시뮬레이션으로 추출하였다. 이 도파관은 PEC 벽과 PMC 벽으로 구성된 가상적인 것이고, 고려된 MTM 셀의 모양은 thin wire (TW), single split-ring resonator (SSRR), double SRR (DSRR), modified SRR, 그리고 TW와 DSRR이 결합된 구조이다. TW는 음의 유전율/양의 투자율, SRR은 양의 유전율/음의 투자율, 그리고 TW와 DSRR을 합친 구조는 유전율과 투자율이 동시에 음이 되는 영역이 나타남을 확인하였다. 각 셀의 파라미터에 따른 유전율과 투자율의 변화를 살펴보았다. 추가적인 연구로서 상기 도파관 기법의 단점을 보완하는 시 영역 신호를 이용한 추출 방법을 소개했다.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.37-60
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between masseter and cervical muscle activity and temporomandibular disorder in female office workers. Methods : Experimental group of 24 healthy subjects complained of temporomandibular joint related to computer use which lasted more than 3 months in the past year and was present in the past 7 days as well as on the day of test. Control group of 20 healthy subjects had no complaints of minimal discomfort on the day of test, and had no discomfort in the past 7 days. If they had reported discomfort in the past 12 months, it was of a short duration(<3 months) and resolved at least 3 months prior to participation. Outcomes were assessed by meridian-electromyography(MEMG), whole spin x-ray, mandibular function impairment questionnaire(MFIQ), neck disability index(NDI), visual analog scale(VAS), Beck depression inventory(BDI), stress reaction inventory(SRI) and Holmes & Rahe social readjustment rating scale(SRRS). Results : The contraction power of masseter muscle, upper trapezius, sternocleido-mastoid muscle and erector spinae by MEMG was significantly higher in the experimental group. The muscle fatigue of masseter muscle and sternodeido-mastoid muscle by MEMG was significantly higher in the experimental group. SRI was significantly higher in experimental group. There was no significant difference between two groups in the Jackson's angle, Cobb's method and cranio-cervical posture. Conclusions : The results suggest that temporomandibular disorder related mental stress but physical stress does not change cervical structure significantly.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.2351-2358
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 분할 링 공진기(SRR; split-ring resonator)를 이용한 소형 코플래너 도파관(CPW; coplanar waveguide)급전 슬롯 안테나에 대한 설계 방법을 연구하였다. 제안된 슬롯 안테나는 슬롯의 길이를 줄이기 위해 사각형 모양의 SRR 도체가 슬롯 내에 장하되었다. SRR 도체와 슬롯 사이의 간격, SRR 도체의 폭의 변화에 따른 입력 전압 정재파비(VSWR; voltage standing wave) 특성을 분석하여 최적의 설계 변수를 도출하였다. 2.45 GHz 대역에서 최적화된 소형 슬롯 안테나를 FR4 기판 상에 $36mm{\times}30mm$ 크기로 제작하였다. 제안된 소형 슬롯 안테나의 길이는 기존의 사각형 슬롯 안테나에 비해 14.3% 줄어들었다. 실험 결과, VSWR < 2인 대역이 2.4-2.49 GHz으로 2.45 GHz 대역에서 동작하는 것을 확인하였고, 2.45 GHz에서 이득은 2.3 dBi로 측정되었다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2014년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.157-158
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 분할 링 공진기(SRR; split-ring resonator)를 이용한 소형 코플래너 도파관(CPW; coplanar waveguide)급전 슬롯 안테나에 대한 설계 방법을 연구하였다. 제안된 슬롯 안테나는 슬롯의 길이를 줄이기 위해 사각형 모양의 SRR 도체가 슬롯 내에 장하되었다. SRR 도체와 슬롯 사이의 간격, SRR 도체의 폭의 변화에 따른 입력 반사계수 특성을 분석하여 최적의 설계 변수를 도출하였다. 2.45 GHz 대역에서 최적화된 소형 슬롯 안테나를 FR4 기판 상에 $36mm{\times}30mm$ 크기로 제작하였다. 제안된 소형 안테나는 기존의 사각형 슬롯 안테나에 비해 안테나의 길이를 14.3%로 줄여 소형화하였다. 실험 결과, 전압 정재파비(VSWR; voltage standing wave) < 2인 대역이 2.4-2.49 GHz으로 2.45 GHz 대역에서 동작하는 것을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.433-446
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• 2005

본 연구는 측두하악장애 환자를 대상으로 하여 초진 시 주소의 심한 정도와 임상적 진찰소견의 상이함, 그리고 설문지를 이용한 사회심리학적 상태의 차이 등이 향후 진행되는 치료과정을 통해 증상의 실제 감소정도와 그에 소요되는 치료기간에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 시행되었다. 측두하악장애 환자 268명을 대상으로 최대개구량, 수평피개량, 수직피개량, 촉진점수, 전치부 개교합, 수조작시 턱의 뻣뻣함(rigidity), 그리고 하악운동시 운동의 부조화(jerk)나 개구제한 등을 조사하고, 대상자의 사회심리학적 상태를 평가하기 위하여 사회재적응평가척도(SRRS), 병원불안우울척도(HAD scale), 피츠버그 수면지수(PSQI), 그리고 간이정신진단검사(SCL-90R) 등 설문지를 이용하였으며, 증상변화에 대한 대상자의 주관적 평가를 관찰하기 위하여 가시상사척도(VAS)를 이용하였다. 조사된 치료기간은 내원한 전 기간인 전체 치료기간(total treatment duration)과 증상이 실제로 경감된 활동적 치료기간(active symptom relieving duration)이며, 활동적 치료기간은 치료지수(treatment index, TI)의 산출에 이용되었다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 임상적 진찰 및 설문지 조사를 통해 분석된 40여 항목 중 남녀 간에 차이를 보인 항목은 최대개구량, 촉진점수, 하악운동시 턱의 부조화, 수면장애, 전체 치료기간 등이었으며, 전반적으로 설문지 조사항목에서 그 차이가 더 적었다. 또한 전체 대상자에서 간이정신진단검사의 각 항목척도와 다른 설문지의 총점 간 상관관계를 상호 비교할 때 사회재적응평가척도나 피츠버그 수면지수에 비해 병원불안우울척도의 총점이 더 높은 상관계수를 나타내었다. 2. 각 주소증상 별로 치료지수에 따라 세 군으로 구분하여 비교한 결과 통증의 경우 치료지수가 낮거나 중간인 군이 높은 군에 비해 치료개시 시점의 통증은 심했으나 종료시점에서는 오히려 더 약하게 나타났으며, 이러한 양상은 기능장애와 관절잡음을 주소로 한 경우에서도 유사하여 치료지수가 낮은 군에서 높은 군에 비해 치료개시 당시의 증상은 심했으나 종료 시에는 오히려 낮아진 양상을 보였다. 활동적 치료기간 역시 치료지수가 낮은 군에서 중간이나 높은 지수의 군에 비해 유의하게 짧은 것으로 나타났다. 3. 증상이 경감되는 활동적 치료기간을 예측한 회귀방정식의 산출 결과 전체적으로 볼 때 최대개구량을 제외한 나머지 요인들 모두 대상자가 스스로 기록하는 가시상사척도상의 주관적 증상의 정도 및 설문지, 특히 간이정신진단검사의 척도항목으로 밝혀져 측두하악장애의 치료결과에는 각 개인의 사회심리학적 상태가 더 많은 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.15-31
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• 1986

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the level of stress recognition of urban housewife and the method of coping, and to explore bow these factors are influenced by socio-demographic variables such as the age of housewife, level of education, status of employment, number of children, durations of marriage, types of family, religion and socio-economic status. The research was conducted on 431 housewives in Seoul in August, 1985. As for the measurement of the instrument, 48 item questionnaire made by investigator was used. The questionnaire was based upon modified and upplemented Holme & Rahe's SRRS and Bell's 18-item Questionnaire to be appropriate to Korean culture. Data were analyzed by percentage, frequency and mean, and verified significant difference by ANOVA and performed Spearman's correlation coefficient. The results of this study are as follows; 1) There is some similarity in distribution of the level of stress recognition of urban housewife. 2) the level of education and the durations of marriage have influence upon the level of stress recognition of urban housewife. In each area, there are differences among groups : age, level of education, durations of marriage, number of children and types of family in the area of education ; age, status of employment, and durations of marriage in the area of health; level of education, durations of marriage, number of children and socio-economic status in the area of finance; status of employment in the area of household work. 3) There are several methods in the method of coping to stress of housewife and the score of long-term coping method appears higher than that of short-term. 4) The level of education, number of children, religion and socio-economic status were variables to have influence on the method level of education, religion and socio- economic status were variables to have influence and in the long-term coping method level of education, number of children, religion, and socio-economic status were to have influence. 5) There is very low positive correlation between the level of stress recognition of urban housewife and the method of coping to stress( ρ=.10, P<.05). 6)In the relation between several variables in socio-demographic variables and the method to coping to stress, the lower the level of stress recognition there are negative correlation (ρ=-.28, P<.01) between religion and the method of coping and also negative correlation (ρ=-.16, P<.05) between number of children and the method of coping. There are positive correlation between socio-economic status and the method of coping.