• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.217-230
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the type, sites and period of injuries in Mixed Martial Arts. Methods : The questionnaire composed of 26 items was used as the research tool for this study. The respondents were 84 athletes of Mixed Martial Arts who participated in Spirit MC Amateur League in September, 2007. Data analysis use chi-square examination by SPSS$^{(R)}$ 12.0 program. Results : 1. Frequently, strikers are damaged at face and waist, grapplers are damaged at knee and waist. 2. Frequently, beginers are damaged at muscle and tendon, experts are damaged at bone and joint. 3. Age, career, specialty and injured type have significant correlations. 4. Age, career, training time and concern response have significant correlations. 5. Oriental medical treatment are friendly but not well-known to the athletes. Conclusions : Injuries of Mixed Martial Arts is multifactorial, so approach of athlete's individuality is important.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.61-84
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• 2004

This thesis attempted to generate ideal tea culture space that connects environment and culture. Therefore, this examines: First, history of tea and the characteristics of tea culture space from Gochosun to modern times was reviewed Second, psychological factors (spirit of tea) of Korea tea culture space were reviewed. Third, the connection between the concept of tea culture space and Human Ecosystem Model by was analyzed. Also, this thesis examined how the culture of ecosystem and why tea culture space is needed. because tea includes varieties of ingredients for protecting environmental pollution. Finally, tea culture spaces were reviewed each region during Chosun dynasty, and tea culture space of recent tea users. In order to study tea culture space, complex residential area and single residential areas were compared. The useful of tea culture space as a ecological space was also examined. To achieve the purpose of this study, related literatures were reviewed, and investigations of museums and a survey on modern living space were also conducted. The results show that the space of our tea culture were affected by nature worshipping of Gochosun, Buddhism of Koryo, and Confusianism of Chosun with 'Pungryu', the idea that enjoys nature, thereby applying environment-friendly ecological beauty to their living space and life. The cultyral space in Korea is composed of natural environment such as mountain, sea, rock, or trees and artificial environment such as pond or pavilion. In the future, oriental culture with metaphysical value will lead the world culture, and especially, tea culture would play an important role regardless of nationality, race, religion, and ideology. Therefore, establishing a tea culture space in a living space would be the fundamental methods that would be able to settle down such tea life into our daily life. Our attempts to create ecological tea culture space as a integrated cultural space of natural, artificial, and human behavioral environment will contribute to enhance our quality of life.

• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.201-212
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• 2003

This study was for understanding about the current situation of internal nursing research related to empowerment and for suggesting the direction the research on empowerment should improve. 17 nursing research articles between 1991 and 2001 were analyzed and their analysis results showed that the research on empowerment tends increasing in number. Looking at study methods, survery and research had a majority of researchs and the target of research was mainly nurses. Empowerment concept is a process that it helps to be able to assert the control about factors which influence on human life. This process suggested the precondition and result on empowerment in view of nursing that it includes broader systematic, structural and social responsibility in making individual taking responsibility on his health in management. Empowerment is to enhance the power and its basic starts from his own empowerment. The contents of his own empowerment is to improve his own ability(including spiritual, physical, and social ability), to connote also his own confidence enhancement which looks at himself as positive and strong, and to run after the his internal repletion through strengthening of his positive aspect. Based on above his own empowerment, the empowerment that builds the capability of group or organization is eventually to strengthen the spirit of individual and organization. Finally, this concept means that it can have an usefulness about nursing practice, education, administration and research. With the foundation of this research analysis, although the research on empowerment is largely limited to nurse, in future this should be applied to various nursing targets. In addition, the research on diverse applying methods including program develoment which bases on this concept should be made.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.12-24
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• 2000

This study seeks to find an approach tool that allows to consider both ecological and visual aspect in developing an ecological space. Main objective of this study is to develop a planting design method in consideration of correlation between high visual preference and ecological diversity. To this end, an integrated method based on visual design principles and landscape ecological principles was developed first. Then study areas of 20 natural areas and 10 urban areas were selected to survey and analyze visual preference and ecological diversity. The result showed that scale is an element that has the greatest impact on visual preference. In areas with high ecological diversity, scale and connectivity had the biggest impact. In order to have a planting design desirable visually and ecologically based on these factors, it may be divided into following three issues.(1) In oder to increase ecological diversity in areas with strong visual preference, a priority should be given to introduce techniques promoting harmony among dominant species of various scales and other species. At the same time, there should be efforts to secure connectivity. (2) To improve visual preferences in areas with high ecological diversity, close-range, medium-range, and distant landscapes should be ensured by aligning colors and connectivity of various scales with other factors. (3) Also, a target area should be developed into a visually preferred and ecologically sound area by supplementing form and interlocking issues and identifying the spirit of the place. This study offers a way to improve visual preference and promote ecological diversity indeveloping ecological parks for the future. In landscape planning and design, it is important to secure various scales and connectivity as high-priority principles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.600-603
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to describe the SW Convergence education class applying the Novel Engineering teaching method during the creative experiential activity time. We developed a SW convergence education program for a patriotism class applying Novel Engineering, a new educational method instead of writing and drawing. Through this lesson program, students can improve their problem-solving ability based on their computational thinking and enhance their love spirit about country. Students read a book that tells the story of patriot, writes the historical scene presented in the book through scenarios through Re-enactment, and implements the simulation situation using Lego WeDo 2.0. The results of this study based on the analysis of the data on the questionnaire showed that there is a significant students' change through the SW convergence education program for patriotism class. In the future, we will expand the scope to more various grades and subjects so that we can generalize the effectiveness of SW convergence education applying Novel Engineering.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

The reality which cannot protect existing tangible intangible modern cultural heritage in Daejeon is makes historical value and identity of a city weakened and then, this leads to absence of the foundation of urban regeneration based on the history. References as recording inheritance indicates characteristics or identity of the area and they represent the physical mental symbol of the area; images of diverse structures or sceneries with historical or cultural characteristics are contents of urban regeneration based on history and culture, which can be utilized as historical sources to verify realness of disappearing modern cultural heritage. Therefore, understanding and utilization of modern cultural heritage through this study on regional archiving can be deemed to be the first stage to bring community spirit, affection and pride to local residents. In this connection, this study intends to suggest a policy direction not only to maintain realness of modern cultural heritage through preservation and utilization but also to expect formation of settling and fellowship as well as cultural economical effect from the viewpoint of urban regeneration.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.87-107
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• 2002

The sea of north-east Asia is biologically interrelated and one country's mishap in the management of fisheries could have a critical effect upon the other. Accordingly under the TAC system adopted by all the countries of Korea, Japan and China, the mismanagement o( trans-boundary fish stocks under the provisional fisheries agreement prior to the delimitation of EEZ could lead to the irrevocable depletion of fisheries resources in case of absence of close cooperation among the countries concerned. To tackle the problems above, it is necessary, from a short term perspective, to promote the combined efforts to do researches on fisheries resources, find ways to improve the transparency of fisheries management, adjust the fisheries management regulations of each country, standardize fishing gears and methods, and exchange fisheries-related statistics and data for socio-economic analysis and strengthen joint research activities for the mutual benefits. From a longer term prospective, regional fisheries organization need to be set up to oversee the whole area of north-east Asian sea. The organization as such could play a role in adjusting the conflicting interests of Korea, Japan and China, and efficiently manage the fisheries resources, which is complex and challenging in nature. In addition, unlike China, the historical fisheries relationship between Korea and Japan, spirit of reciprocity and the Article 62 of the United Nations Convention On the Law Of Sea need to be taken into account when seeking for fisheries cooperation between the two countries through the international specialization. In other words, the data obtained through the joint researches on the fisheries resources for the specific ocean along with such factors as capital, labor, fisheries technology and consumption of fish products could be used to assign the specific sector of fisheries to the country who has a comparative advantage, thus achieving the mutually benefiting results Up to the present, concerted efforts by Korea, Japan and China on the fisheries cooperation have been consistently made, but the results have yet to be materialized, It is also beyond doubt that governmental consultations among the countries should be made on a consistent basis, but non-governmental organizations' exchanges and related joint researches will more likely help bring about the desired fruition in a shorter time.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.215-227
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine clinical nurses' perceptions on the nursing organizational culture and investigate the differences in their perceptions according to age groups in South Korea. Methods: Participants were 1,087 nurses from 25 general hospitals in South Korea. Data were collected from July 29 to September 30 in 2011, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA with $Scheff{\grave{e}}$ test, and factor analysis. Results: Nurses perceived nursing as an excellent professional job which progresses continually. Autonomy and individualized reward to their professional work, however, were reported not-satisfactory to them. They agreed that nurses are punctual, polite, honest, and responsible, while disagreeing in competitiveness. There were differences in perceiving cultural factors according to age groups. The subjects in their over 40s perceived 'professionalism', 'normative', 'strictness', 'rightfulness', and 'community spirit' strongly, while nurses in their 20s perceived 'conservatism' highly. Also, nurses' perception on the organizational commitment and job satisfaction were high in over 40s while turnover intention was high in other groups. Conclusion: Nurse managers need to assess the perception on nursing organizational culture in order to improve nursing work environment better. In addition, it is necessary to take into account seriously the generation gap to build supportive nursing organizational culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.1 s.91
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• pp.86-100
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate lifestyle of male college students and their preference of casual wear style. A questionnaire consisted of 60 lifestyle items, 1 casual wear style-preference question and demographic variables was developed. Data were collected from questionnaires distributed to male college students of 7 universities located in the Daegu${\cdot}$Gyeongbuk area during August 2003. After eliminating incomplete questionnaires, 303 were analyzed by descriptive statistics, factor analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, and $x^2-test$. As a result of factor analysis on lifestyle items, 8 factors were determined: consumption and fashion orientation, future preparation, social concern, a wide range of thought and experience, health orientation, independent spirit, masculinity, and family orientation. 4 groups were identified on the basis of these 8 factors and named as active pragmatic group, liberal empirical group, prospective self-supporting group, and social accommodative group. Their component ratio were $30.2\%,\;33.2\%,\;19.6\%,\;and\;16.9\%$ respectively. The most preferred casual wear style by male college students was determined as basic casual wear, followed by adult casual wear, fashionable casual wear, and sporty casual wear. Other than the most preferred style, basic casual wear, by every group, the preference of casual wear styles differed among 4 lifestyle groups.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.111-118
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• 2017

The Legal Consciousness is a feeling or attitude toward the law from the people. Most Korean had a traditional consciousness that did not consider the law so friendly, also, the perception of law is also very negative is the common result of various investigations so far. This is caused by a distrust of the political power that operates the law than just distrust of law. Moreover, it is a serious problem that these negative attitudes are getting stronger over time. Especially when looking at the situation of the monopoly of government affairs in Park Geun-hye administration, the law was not a means of realizing social justice on the side of the socially weak, it has come to the fact that the law has been recognized as a tool of oppression by the ruling group, which seizes power in a fraudulent manner and accumulates economic wealth. It was a really ridiculous incident. In addition, not all citizens need to be experts in law, but the law is a bowl for society, and filling the bowl is a moral form or value of society in general. And since society has a peculiar law, and the modern state has the rule of law as its basic principle, most human acts have a direct relationship with law. In particular, it is true that the problem of the legal consciousness of college students is frequently mentioned today. Therefore, in this study, through the examine the contents of the legal consciousness of the K university female students in Gwangju and will consider the cause of this.