• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2009

Objectives : This study presents a scientific basis for the establishment of an environmental health contingency plan for dealing with accidental coastal oil spills and suggests some strategies for use in an environmental health emergency. Methods : We reviewed the existing literature, and analyzed the various fundamental factors involved in response strategies for oil spill. Our analysis included data derived from Hebei Spirit oil spill and used air dispersion modeling. Results : Spill amounts of more than 1,000 kl can affect the health of residents along the coast, especially those who belong to vulnerable groups. Almost 30% of South Korean population lives in the vicinity of the coast. The area that is at the highest risk for a spill and that has the greatest number of people at risk is the stretch of coastline from Busan to Tongyeong. The most prevalent types of oil spilt in Korean waters have been crude oil and bunker-C oil, both of which have relatively high specific gravity and contain volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and metals. In the case of a spill of more than 1,000 kl, it may be necessary to evacuate vulnerable and sensitive groups. Conclusions : The government should establish environmental health planning that considers the spill amount, the types of oil, and the distance between the spot of the accident and the coast, and should assemble a response team that includes environmental health specialists to prepare for the future oil spill.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.221-225
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• 2017

Care for the human spirit is a core component of quality end-of-life care. Logotherapy, based on the premise that the primary motivation of human beings is to find meaning and purpose in life, can be helpful in providing care for patients, families, and loved ones in hospice care. The use of Socratic dialog in posing questions about one's life experiences, values, and attitudes is a useful method of evoking reflection. Guidance for finding meaning, even until one's last moments, can be found in the three categories: (a) tasks or deeds, (b) experiences of love and beauty, and (c) attitudes chosen in spite of a fate that cannot be changed. Self-transcendence, defined as getting outside the self for the good of others, can add meaning to life. A growing body of research concerning meaning-centered therapy is promising for improving spiritual well-being and a sense of meaning and purpose in life.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.29-47
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• 2006

Because the size of population was directly related to the power of the nation in the Chosun Dynasty, various efforts were exerted to maintain the size stable and the keys to the efforts were a high birth rate and a low death rate. However, in addition to wars, epidemic diseases had an enormous effect on the death rate. Particularly during the mid Chosun Dynasty, epidemic diseases were more prevalent than ever due to the abnormal climate called the little ice age. To cope with them, the government executed several medical relief policies and published medical books. In Chinese epidemiology, infectious diseases mean sicknesses caused by hot weather, but in Korean epidemiology, they indicate large-scale infectious sicknesses caused by both hot and cold weather. Therefore, as treatment methods for diseases from the cold were not applicable to the pathology of epidemic diseases, China developed separate epidemiology. In Korea, however, the main concern was how to prevent epidemic diseases, whether from hot or cold weather, that drove many lives into death. The characteristics of Korean epidemiology are as follows. First, whenever epidemic diseases were prevalent, in order to cope with them, translated medical books were promptly published including Ganibyeokonbang, Bunmunonyeokihaebang, Sinchanbyeokonbang, Byeokyeoksinbang and Byeokonsinbang. Second, those books were annotated in Korean so that people could read easily and accurately. Third, as an extension of the Hyangyak movement from the late Koryo Dynasty, Danbang was used a lot to treat and prevent epidemic diseases with less financial burden, and things obtainable easily according to individuals' situation were mentioned for anybody to overcome the emergent situation of epidemic diseases. Fourth, methods for praying to God were suggested for practitioners to work with sincere spirit and to keep themselves from epidemic diseases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1154-1161
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• 2005

Yin Yang theory is the first and the last one to interpret diseases apply to treatment in oriental medicine. So it is regarded as the way of heaven and earth, the discipline of all things, the origin of change, the beginning of giving birth and death, the source of spirit. These regulatory passages are needed to compare with western medical physiology and analyzed whether it has scientific bases or not. The Yin Yang theory of traditional oriental medicine are summerized from the descriptions of Scripture of Documents, Ying Wei theory of Huangdi Neijing. Meanwhile up-to-date neurobiological and molecular genetic theories on circadian physiology are reviewed in western medicine. Sunshine is transferred through RGC to SCN, herein the central circadian rhythm is made by zeitgeber and interaction of melatonin secreted from pineal body and orexin from mp pan of hypothalamus. So HPA axis is activated and controlled under the circadian rhythm and affects peripheral tissues and cells of whole body through glucocorticoid hormones. First of all, the circadian rhythm makes the basic patterns of human life in biological and sociological meaning. It is almost same context with the record of the Scripture of Documents. Also the Ying Qi and Wei Qi is basically same with the sleep-awake mechanism, that is melatonin/orexin signal or per/clk/bmal/cry genes with circadian activation and activity of each organ's physiological function. Conclusively it can be said that Yin Yang is a priori principle of living things and the beginning of giving birth and death for activation of them biologically, as is described in Huangdi Neijing.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.451-457
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• 2015

The study about the five viscera's "Syndromes due to Damage" and "Disease" of 『Donguibogam. Five viscera and Six Bowels』, with several existing information on the specificity of the five viscera, were discussed as the physiological characteristics and the pathological conjugation of the five viscera. The results were as follows. The five viscera keep Essence, Spirit, Qi, Blood, Ethereal soul, and Corporeal soul, and There inside the body and keeping in the center. Based on this, it serves to make the body to strengthen. So it can be understood in relation to meat and shells. Characteristics of the specificity of the five viscera is determined to see the eyes, nose, mouth, ears revealed the face and the body that protect the five viscera, and characteristics that in relation to the date or time or season, Also that determined in conjunction with the face color, skin condition. In 『Lingshu』, 『Nanjing』 "how do pathogen involvement in the disease of the five viscera" and "disease occurs spontaneously in the Main meridian of the five viscera " and "Syndromes due to Damage to the Five viscera" in 『Donguibogam. Five viscera and Six Bowels』, It was discussed about the physiology and the pathology that is caused by biological activity according to the characteristics of the five viscera specificity "Outer symptoms" of "Five viscera Disease" in 『Donguibogam. Five viscera and Six Bowels』 is the description of the characteristics of behavior and emotional characteristics of the specificity of the five viscera. Also if you use excessive functions associated with emotional that was fall in consumptive disease.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.51-59
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• 2008

The following conclusions were obtained from the studies on Bangpuntongseongsan both from the documents and Hyungsang medicine. Bangpungtongseong-san was created by Yu Wan-so to relieve both interior and exterior of disease from the pathogenic fire, and it cures wind syndrome and dry syndrome. Bangpungtongseong-san is of light herbal combination and it works in the upper part of the body and is mainly applied to skin disease. Perspiration without harming the exterior and purgation without hurting the interior shows that it is not a severe prescription belonging to meditation therapy. It is mostly used for curing the disease of internal heat caused by over drinking and consuming heavy food, and it has special relationship with Yangmyung meridian. It is mentioned in the chapters of spirit, head, face, eye, ear, nose, throat, skin, hair, prescription, wind, dryness, fire, internal damage, epidemic infectious disease, carbuncle and cellulitis, ulceration, and pediatrics of ${\ulcorner}$Donguibogam${\lrcorner}$. It is usually applied to those who belong to Yangmyung type of the six meridian types or wind type, who has excessive heat, people with red complexion, reddened nose, pimples over the face and nose, coarse heel, loss of hair due to wind-heat, and to those who tend to have dandruff. Through examination over the cases treated with Hyungsan medicine, Bangpungtongseong-san was found efficacious in bloodshot eyes, brandy nose, loss of hair, various skin problems, tetanus, acute alcoholism, paralysis of hand and foot, deafness, and tinnitus.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2010

This study is about researching DongEuiBoGam by analysing with pattern identification of modern Traditional Korean medical patholgy as more logical, systematic and standardized theory. Disease pattern mechanisms of essence, spirit, qi and blood in NaeGyungPyeb of DongEuiBoGam are these. In Essence, this explain mechanism of disease patterns those are seminal emission, dream emission, spermatorrhea, white ooze. These disease pattern's mechanisms are kidney yang deficiency, kidney yin deficiency, heart yang deficiency, heart yin deficiency, heart qi deficiency, spleen qi deficiency and so on. On viewpoints of viscera and bowels they are related with heart, kidney, spleen. And most of them are deficiency from deficiency-excess Pattern Identification. Classifying disease pattern of qi is about upward, downward movement and more concentrated deficiency than excess pattern. Fright palpitations can be classified heart deficiency with timidity, heart blood and qi deficiency, heart qi deficiency, heart blood deficiency, heart qi movement stagnation, water qi intimidating the heart, phlegm-fire harassing the heart, phlegm clouding the pericardium, and so on. Palpitations can be classified heart blood deficiency, heart yin deficiency, heart deficiency with timidity, heart spleen blood deficiency, spleen qi deficiency, phlegm-fire harassing the heart, intense heart fire, and so on. Forgetfulness can be classified heart spleen blood deficiency, heart spleen qi deficiency, kidney essence deficiency, heart qi deficiency, non-interaction between the heart and kidney, etc. for deficiency pattern, phlegm clouding the pericardium for excess pattern. In Blood just say inside bleeding pattern's category, there are nose bleeding, flopping syncope, qi counterflow, blood vomiting, hemoptysis, spitting of blood, bloody stool, hematuria, and so on. Like these, this study identify pattern of disease in DongEuiBoGam by mechanism of disease theory.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.561-566
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• 2007

After researching on infantile diseases in Hyungsang medicine, the writer got the conclusions as follows. The infants who are excess of the Yang energy need to nourish the Eum- blood. The main causes of the infantile disorders are congenital defect and malfunction of internal organs by nature, as results of these they suffer from mental disorders or being undergrown. And after birth they get ill from internal injury or external affections, mainly epilepsy by retention of undigested food, fever, cough, asthma, nasal obstruction, dermatopathia, and affection by cold, etc. In Hyungsang medicine Dam-body is apt to get ill from deficiency of Eum-blood and bangkwang-body from deficiency of Yang-energy. And infants are hare to be moderate in food, so they become to diseases of the Spleen and stomach, especially infants with Yangmyung type get to epilepsy, cough, skin disorders, and obese for the reasonof overeating. Among main infantile symptoms congenital defects, infantile mental disorders, and convulsive diseases come from congenital defect and malfunciton of internal organs, so it must be treated the symptoms following the reasons. Above all infantile mental disorders are treated not to separate the spirit from the body. And fever, cough and asthma, affection by cold, skin diseases, poor appetite, and obese come from deficiency of Kidney or the deficiency and excess of the Spleen and stomach. In order to prevent from infantile diseases right antenatal training, taking medicine rightly, exercise and eating good habits are needed to give guidance. Seeing through the clinical cases in Hyungsang medicine, we come to know that the infantile mental disorders come out primarily for the reasons of the congenital defect, and the infantile epilepsy come from malfunction of internal organs, and the nasal obstruction and skin diseases come from deficiency of Kidney or the deficiency and excess of the Spleen and stomach.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.240-246
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• 2011

The professional ethics for the guard is defined as the professional ethics that the person working as a guard to have. The professional ethics education builds the certainty and confidence about professional ethics recognition as well as behavior for guards so that helps the successful performance of the job. Therefore, this study tried to consider previous researches, understand the current professional ethics education for the department related to the guard and the case studies of incidents due to lack of professional ethics education to suggest the measures of activating professional ethics education. First, it is to consider the specialty of the guard to build the guard-martial spirit. Second, the professional ethics education must be out of the central culture study but develop as a major subject. Third, the quality and professionalism of the responsible professor of the professional ethics subject shall be considered. Forth, the professional ethics education must be performed not only at school but also continuously through the various ethics programs of the work places as well as organizations.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.257-266
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• 2002

Modern Society is tuning to the wide organized social structure with highly varieties. To the cultural aspects in these days of the late-indusoial society, due to the post-modernism. This kind of trend was found in overall fields of studies. Therefore, the post-modernism is to be a kind of a modern spirit ruling over the late 20th century. Post-modernism is a vague expression, that was begun to appear in various artistic intellectual, ideologic trends with a repulsion of modern design after the World War II. The present age as a modern society slews a distinguished mark of undifferentiation disorganization and relaxation, disassembling of social structure. With the study on the background of occurrence, character and philosophy for the post-modernism, the theoretical background of post-modernism could be seen. According to the influence of post-modernism, the minimalism, retro-design, kitsch-design, deconstructionism-design deconstructionism-design, new materia1-design and cyber-design shown on each trend of modern industrial design were studied.