• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2006

A torsional damper comprised of two stage pre-dampers was used to reduce the rattle noise generated in the PTO gear box of a direct engine-PTO driveline of agricultural tractors. It was designed and mounted to the engine flywheel to reduce the torque fluctuation-induced speed variations at the driving gears in the PTO gearbox, which were found to be main cause of the rattle noise. The effects of a hysteresis torque and a torsional stiffness of the damper on the speed variation were analyzed using an 11 degree of freedom non-linear model of the damped PTO driveline. The torsional damper was represented by a single degree of freedom model with 7 parameters. Under a constant hysteresis torque, velocity variation was reduced with decrease in the torsional stiffness of the damper. The velocity variation was also decreased with decrease in the hysteresis torque under a constant torsional stiffness. Optimum values of the torsional stiffness and hysteresis torque were obtained by the model simulation for the PTO driveline under the study. When the optimum values of the damper were used, the sound pressure level of the rattle noise was reduced by 81%, resulting in a reduction of 15dB(A). The optimum damper also reduced the engine speed variation, resulting in a reduction of 80% at the driving gears in the PTO gearbox. The torsional damper showed a good performance in reducing the rattle noise caused by the speed variation in the direct engine-PTO driveline.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.41-46
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• 2017

The coefficient of derailment and the rate of wheel load reduction were used as the index of train running safety that was directly affected the train derailment safety. In aspects of track, the train running safety depends on the complex interaction between wheel and rail, and the track-vehicle conditions (i.e., the curvature, cant, track system, vehicle speed and the operation conditions, etc). In this study, the relationship between the train running safety and the track curvature and vehicle speed for direct fixation concrete tracks currently employed in Korean light rapid transit was assessed by performing field tests using actual vehicles running along the service lines. The measured dynamic wheel load, lateral wheel load and lateral displacement of rail head were measured for same train running on four tested tracks under real conditions, which included curved and tangent tracks placed on the tunnel and bridge, thus increasing the train speed by approximately maximum design speed of each test site. Therefore, the measured dynamic track response was applied to the running safety analysis in order to evaluate the coefficient of derailment, the rate of wheel load reduction and the track gauge widening at each test site, and compare with the corresponding Korean train running safety standard. As the results, the lateral track response of direct fixation concrete track appeared to increase with the decreased track curvature; therefore, it was inferred that the track curvature directly affected the train running safety.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2015

PURPOSES: Recently, many local governments have applied chicanes for traffic calming to ensure environment-friendly comfortable and safe roads. However, the geometry of a chicane is designed for speed reduction using a curved portion. This study aims to improve the road geometry conditions of chicanes for reducing carbon emissions and maintaining appropriate driving speeds by considering the relationship between road geometry and carbon emissions. METHODS: This study was conducted as follows. First, carbon emissions corresponding to changing acceleration of vehicles were studied. Second, vehicle acceleration caused by the relationship between the curve radius and the straight length was studied. Accordingly, desirable conditions of curve radius and length of the straight section for reducing carbon emissions were proposed. RESULTS: The existing literature on chicanes present the minimum value of stagger length and path angle in the primary variable condition. This study suggests the maximum values of the curve radius and length of straight section in the primary variable condition. Therefore, if a vehicle's speed at a chicane is 30 km/h, this study suggests a curve radius of up to 24 m. In addition, if the vehicle's speed is 24 km/h, this study suggests a length of straight section of up to 6.6 m. These are the geometric conditions for considering the control of acceleration to the vehicle's maximum speed. CONCLUSIONS: This paper proposes an application of geometric conditions to reduce carbon emissions and maintain appropriate speeds of vehicles through a combination of curve radius and length of straight section.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2007

소형 BLDC(Brushless DC) 전동기는 높은 운전효율과 고토크 특성으로 인하여, 산업용 기계와 가전기기 및 특히 의료용 장비에 널리 사용되고 있다. 일반적인 BLDC 전동기의 경우에 전류(commutation) 구간에서의 토크 리플 억제에 대한 다양한 연구가 이루어져 왔다. 하지만, 초고속 BLDC 전동기의 경우 설계 특성상 전기적 시정수가 매우 짧아서 전류 구간에서의 토크 리플 보다 통전 구간에서의 토크 리플이 더 큰 영향을 미치게 된다. 본 논문에서는 40000rpm급 초고속 소형 BLDC 전동기의 전기적 시상수에 따른 통전구간에서의 토크리플을 해석하고, 토크 리플 억제를 위하여, 순시 전압 제어기와 고속 히스테리시스 전류 제어기를 제안한다. 제안된 순시 전압제어기는 통전구간에서의 토크 리플 억제를 위하여 운전속도와 부하전류에 적합한 전압을 순시적으로 제어하여 BLDC 전동기에 공급하고, 고속 히스테리시스 전류 제어기는 DSP의 지령전류에 따라, 제어 주기의 샘플링 지연없이 부하전류를 제어하는 시스템이다. 제안된 초고속 소형 BLDC 전동기의 토크 리플 억제를 위한 제어 시스템은 시뮬레이션 및 실험을 통하여 그 타당성을 증명하였다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.142-148
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• 2022

본 논문은 풍력발전기용 요 감속기를 경량화하여 유한요소해석과 위험속도해석을 통해 안정성검증을 하였다. 제품의 경량화는 엔진의 효율을 높일 수 있으며, 부품의 소재를 절약하여 경제적 이득을 취할 수 있다. IEC 61400-1에서 제시한 풍력발전기 부품의 안전율 1.3이상을 목표로 풍력발전기용 요 감속기를 경량화하였다. 위상 최적화를 수행한 캐리어를 유한요소해석을 수행하여 안전율을 나타냈고, 하우징과 최적화한 캐리어를 MASTA11을 활용하여 작성한 풍력발전용 요 감속기 기어트레인 모델과 부분구조합성법으로 연결하여 고유 모드와 고유진 동수를 파악하여 질량불평형과 치통과 주파수에 대하여 위험속도해석을 수행하였고, 캠벨 선도(Campbell Diagram)를 작성하여 안정성 검증을 하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제81권4호
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• pp.411-428
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• 2022

This paper presents the Campbell diagram analysis of the rotordynamic system using the full order model (FOM) and the reduced order model (ROM) techniques to determine the critical speeds, identify the stability and reduce the computational time. Due to the spin-speed-dependent matrices (e.g., centrifugal stiffening matrix), several model order reduction (MOR) techniques may be considered, such as the modal superposition (MS) method and the Krylov subspace-based MOR techniques (e.g., Ritz vector (RV), quasi-static Ritz vector (QSRV), multifrequency quasi-static Ritz vector (MQSRV), multifrequency/ multi-spin-speed quasi-static Ritz vector (MMQSRV) and the combined Ritz vector & modal superposition (RV+MS) methods). The proposed MMQSRV method in this study is extended from the MQSRV method by incorporating the rotational-speed-dependent stiffness matrices into the Krylov subspace during the MOR process. Thus, the objective of this note is to respond to the question of whether to use the MS method or the Krylov subspace-based MOR technique in establishing the Campbell diagram of the shaft-disc-blade assembly systems in three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA). The Campbell diagrams produced by the FOM and various MOR methods are presented and discussed thoroughly by computing the norm of relative errors (ER). It is found that the RV and the MS methods are dominant at low and high rotating speeds, respectively. More precisely, as the spinning velocity becomes large, the calculated ER produced by the RV method is significantly increased; in contrast, the ER produced by the MS method is smaller and more consistent. From a computational point of view, the MORs have substantially reduced the time computing considerably compared to the FOM. Additionally, the verification of the 3D FE rotordynamic model is also provided and found to be in close agreement with the existing solutions.

• 한국ITS학회 논문지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.168-181
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• 2023

기존 연구들은 대부분 특정 유형, 시점, 장소를 분석할 수밖에 없기 때문에, 향후 정책 결정 근거로 이용하는데 한계가 있다. 이에 따라, 본 연구는 향후 정책 결정에 도움이 될 수 있도록 지속 가능하며, 신뢰도 높고, 다양한 효과분석 결과를 제시하는 것을 목표로 하였다. 공공데이터인 교통사고분석시스템(TAAS), 교통단속장비 관리업무시스템 (MTS) 데이터를 융합하여 광범위한 분석데이터를 수집하였고, 비교그룹 방법을 이용하여 효과분석하였다. 다양한 분석 결과를 제시하기 위해 교통단속장비의 제한속도 및 교통사고 유형별 사고감소 효과를 분석하였다. 2019년 서울시 신호위반 단속 장비 신규 설치 지점 87개소의 대상으로 분석한 결과 전체 사고 발생, 치명적 사고 발생이 각각 28.53%, 39.44% 감소하여 사고 심각도 개선에 큰 효과를 보였다. 제한속도 30km/h, 50km/h 단속 장비들은 전체사고에 대해 각각 42.23%, 25.85%의 사고 감소율을 보였지만, 사고유형과 법규위반유형별로 상이한 분석 결과를 보였다. 이처럼 단속 장비는 제한 속도별, 교통사고 유형별로 상이한 사고감소 효과를 지니므로 향후 이를 고려한 정책 결정을 통해 교통안전 정책에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.1205-1210
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• 2001

This paper describes a methodology using neural network to compensate the nonlinear error of deriving speed for electric differential system included in electric vehicle. An electric differential system which drives each of the left and right wheels of the electric vehicle independently. The electric vehicle driven by induction motor has the nonlinear speed error which depends on a steering angle and speed command. When a vehicle drives along a curved road lane, the speed unblance of inner and outer wheels makes vehicles vibration and speed reduction. To compensate for the speed error, we collected the speed data of the inner wheel and outer wheel in various speed and the steering angle data by using an manufactured electric vehicle and the real system. According to the analysis of the acquisited data, we designed the differential speed control system based on a speed error compensator using neural network.

• 소음진동
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.265-275
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• 2001

This research has been performed to reveal the hysteresis phenomena of the hunting motion in a railway passenger cars. It is found that there are some factors and its operation region to make the nonlinear critical speed reacts to them more sensitively than the linear critical speed. The simulation results show that a self steering bogie system can be a substitute proposal to improve curving Performance together with the reduction of hysteresis of critical speed. Full scale roller rig test is carried out for the validation of the numerical results. Finally, it is certified that wear of wheel profile and stiffness discontinuities of wheelset suspension caused by deterioration have to be considered in the analysis to predict the hysteresis of critical speed precisely.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.179-186
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• 2001

As the freight traffic becomes heavier, the high speed of existing freight cars is essential instead of the construction of a new railway. The high speed can be achieved by the design modifications of the freight bogie. In this paper, an analytical model of freight bogie including the lateral force between rail and the flange of wheel is developed to decide the critical speed, which activates a hunting motion and tells the running safety of freight bogie. The dynamic responses of the analytical model were compared with an experimental data from a running test of a freight bogie and showed good agreements between them. The analytical model is used to find the design modifications of the freight bogie by parameter studies. The results show that the reduction of wheelset mass ratio and the increase of the axle distance of the freight bogie can increase the critical speed, but the primary lateral stiffness has little effects on the critical speed. And this also study shows that smaller wheel conicity deteriorates the running safety of the freight car, which means the overhauling of the wheel of freight bogie should be done regularly.