• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2024

An evaluation was carried out on variability in morphology of fruits and seeds (number and weight) of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumach. and Thonn.) Taub. from different populations across its distribution range in Nigeria. Bulk fruit samples were collected and examined for variations in morphological characters. Differences in morphological character of fruits and seeds among the populations were determined using analysis of variance at 5% level of probability. The relationships among morphological characters were determined using Pearson correlation coefficient (r). Significant variations (p<0.05) existed among T. tetraptera populations for all the evaluated characters: fruit length, fruit width, number of seeds per fruit and seed weight. A positive significant strong correlation (r=0.96) was found between seed weight and number of seeds per fruit, while no correlation existed between fruit length, width and number of seeds. Seed weight was positively correlated with minimum altitude (r=0.97) and maximum altitude (r=0.99) of seed populations. Number of seeds was also significantly correlated with maximum altitude (r=0.965). There was no significant correlation between geo-climatic variables and fruit dimensions (length and width). Observed variations in morphological traits within and across populations of T. tetraptera may be used as proxy to estimate genetic diversity and selection of superior trees for improved productivity.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.295-305
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• 2011

Many studies have suggested the positive effects of grazing by large herbivorous mammals on seed dispersal, but little is known about how herbivores could affect the fate of ingested seeds. This study examined the effects of seed ingestion by sika deer (Cervus nippon) on seed fate in a temperate grassland established in an urban park long resided by high densities of sika deer. I compared species composition and seasonal traits of seed abundance and maturity in the grassland community with those in deer fecal pellets. In total, 27 herbaceous species were observed, including the predominant Zoysia japonica. Seed phenology and production differed among the three dominant species (Z. japonica, Digitaria violascens, and Hydrocotyle maritima). Pellets contained at least 26 species of herbaceous seeds, and their abundance differed among species. Of the 26 species, 15 were observed in the vegetation at the study site. The peak of seed abundance in pellets for the dominant species appeared 1 month after the peak of inflorescence production (but most of the inflorescences were immature and susceptible to digestion) and consequently corresponded to the peak of mature inflorescence. Because sika deer are likely to ingest seeds at any maturity stage in the grassland and immature seeds are less hardened, ingested immature seeds can suffer great losses. The results suggested that the survival of germable seeds with great losses of immature seeds may be a factor determining which plant species can be successfully dispersed by herbivores.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2019

One of wild diploid Solanum species, Solanum chacoense, is one of the excellent resources for potato breeding because it is resistant to several important pathogens, but the species is not sexually compatible with potato (S. tuberosum) causing the limitation of sexual hybridization between S. tuberosum and S. chacoense. Therefore, diverse traits regarding resistance from the species can be introgressed into potato via somatic hybridization. After cell fusion, the identification of fusion products is crucial with molecular markers. In this study, S. chacoense specific markers were developed by comparing the chloroplast genome (cpDNA) sequence of S. chacoense obtained by NGS (next-generation sequencing) technology with those of five other Solanum species. A full length of the cpDNA sequence is 155,532 bp and its structure is similar to other Solanum species. Phylogenetic analysis resulted that S. chacoense is most closely located with S. commersonii. Sequence alignment with cpDNA sequences of six other Solanum species identified two InDels and 37 SNPs specific sequences in S. chacoense. Based on these InDels and SNPs regions, four markers for distingushing S. chacoense from other Solanum species were developed. These results obtained in this research could help breeders select breeding lines and facilitate breeding using S. chacoense in potato breeding.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.747-753
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• 2001

In this study, the Italian milk recorded buffalo population from 1974 to 1996 was analysed with the purpose to estimate genetic and environmental variability and provide genetic parameters for the most important economic traits. High variability between herds was evident due to the poor knowledge of feeding requirements and husbandry technology in this species compared to cattle. Age at first calving was reduced by 57 days during the considered years following efforts made in better feeding and management from 1990; on the contrary, calving interval has increased by 17 days as a consequence of forcing buffaloes to calve in spring, in order to have the peak milk yield when milk is much better paid. Average milk yield increased by 1853 kg during these years, while lactation duration was reduced by 30 days. Season of calving has no effect on all traits. Calving order has a positive effect on milk yield especially because older cows produce more milk in shorter lactations. Heritability for the age at first calving and calving interval was 0.26 and 0.05 respectively. Heritability of productive traits, milk yield and duration of the lactation was 0.19 and 0.13 respectively, with repeatabilities of 0.40 and 0.26. Genetic trend for milk yield was 2.1 kg milk/year for the bulls and 1 kg for all population. The high genetic variability of milk production as well as duration of the lactation, indicates that there are good opportunities for genetic improvement when including these traits in a selection scheme. The low genetic trend registered over 15 years of recording activity can be explained by the fact that neither progeny testing was performed or selection schemes were implemented, due to the difficulties to use artificial insemination in buffalo.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.178-186
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• 2022

볼리비아 유래의 4배체 감자 야생종 중 하나인 Solanum acaule는 서리, 감자역병, 감자바이러스X, 감자바이러스Y, 감자잎말림바이러스, 감자걀쭉병, 선충 등에 대한 저항성과 같이 감자의 신품종 육성에 매우 유용한 형질들을 가지고 있어 감자 육종에 많이 이용되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 유용 형질들을 재배종 감자에 전통적인 교잡에 의해 도입하는 것은 야생종과 재배종 간의 서로 다른 EBN에 따라 매우 제한적이다. 따라서, 이러한 생리적 장벽을 극복하기 위해서는 체세포융합을 이용할 수 있는데, 육종에 활용할 적절한 체세포융합체를 선발하기 위해서는 적절한 분자마커의 개발이 필수적이다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 앞서 차세대 유전체 기술에 의해 완성되어 보고된 S. acaule의 엽록체 전장 유전체 정보를 기반으로 이를 다른 8개의 Solanum 종의 엽록체 전장 유전체 정보와 비교를 통해 S. acaule 특이적인 분자마커를 개발하였다. S. acaule의 엽록체 전장 유전체 총 길이는 155,570 bp였으며, 총 158개의 유전자로 구성되어 있었다. 전체적인 구조와 유전자의 구성은 다른 Solanum 종들과 매우 유사하였고 12종의 다른 가지과에 속해 있는 종과의 계통수 분석에서 다른 Solanum 종과 매우 가까운 유연관계를 가지는 것을 확인하였다. S. acaule의 엽록체 전장 유전체와 다른 7개 Solanum 종의 엽록체 전장 유전체 다중 정렬의 결과로 각각 4개와 79개의 S. acaule 특이적인 InDel 및 SNP 영역이 확인되었으며, 이 정보를 이용하여 각각 1개씩의 InDel 및 SNP 영역 유래의 PCR 기반의 분자마커를 개발하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 S. acaule의 진화적 측면에서의 연구와 S. acaule를 이용한 감자품종 육성 연구에 기여를 할 수 있을 것이다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.16-26
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• 2007

Wild progenitor species provide potential gene sources for complex traits such as yield and multiple resistances to biotic and abiotic stresses, and thus are expected to contribute to sustainable food supplies. An introgression line 'IR71033-121-15' was derived from a wild species Oryza minuta (2n = 48, BBCC, Acc No. 101141) at IRRI. Introgression analysis using 530 SSR and STS markers revealed that at least 14 chromosomal segments distributed over 12 chromosomes had been introgressed from O. minuta. An $F_{2:3}$ population from the cross between IR71033 and Junambyeo (a Korean japonica cultivar) consisting of 146 lines was used for quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis of 16 agronomic traits. A total of 36 single-locus QTLs (S-QTLs) and 45 digenic epistasis (E-QTLs) were identified. In spite of it's inferiority of O. minuta for most of the traits studied, its alleles contributed positively to 57% of the QTLs. The other QTLs originated from either parent, IR71033 or Junambyeo. QTLs for phenotypically correlated traits were mostly detected on introgressed segments. Fourteen QTLs corresponded to QTLs reported earlier, indicating that these QTLs are stable across genetic backgrounds. Twenty-two QTLs controlling yield and its components had not been detected in previous QTL studies. Of these, thirteen consisted of potentially novel alleles from O. minuta. QTLs from O. minuta introgression could be new sources of natural variation for the genetic improvement of rice.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.641-651
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• 2022

보리는 베타글루칸, 폴리페놀, 안토시아닌 등을 이용한 건강식품 소비 증가로 최근 관심이 높아지고 있다. 따라서 보리에 대한 수요자의 기호에 맞춘 기능성 품종개발과 소재로서 유전자원 활용성을 증대시키기 위해서는 자원의 특성 분석과 종, 원산지과의 관계, 군집화(Clustering)을 통한 유사성과 대표성, 형질 간의 상호관계 등과 같은 유전자원의 다양성 연구가 선행되어야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 농업유전자원센터에서 보존하고 있는 보리 25,104 유전자원(25종, 국적미상을 포함한 102개 원산지)을 대상으로 종과 원산지에 따른 다양성 분석을 수행하였다. 특히 종에 대한 작물 유효수(ENCS)는 1.17로 원산지(24.73)에 비해 매우낮게 나타났다. 이는 보존하고 있는 보리 유전자원의 대부분이 Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare 로 확인되었는데, 원산지에 비해 보존 자원이 특정 종에 편중된것을 알 수 있지만, 형태적으로 구분한 20가지 특성평가 항목에 대하여 종과 원산지에 따라 유의적인 차이(P-value < 0.05)가 검정되었다. 비록 종 다양성은 낮지만 종과 종간의 차이와 종 내에서도 다양한 특성이 존재함을 추정할 수 있었으며, 이를 토대로 특성평가 항목을 이용한 군집화를 통해서 특성에 대한 다양성을 확인하였다. 특성평가 항목을 바탕으로 cacGMS 알고리즘을 이용한 군집 분석을 수행했을 때, 전체 97%의 자원이 분류된 1번~7번 군집에서 병와성, 도복, 깜부기병 항목이 공통적으로 동일한 형질을 보였다. 반면에 군집 별 특이성에서는 특성평가 항목에 대한 조합의 차이와 함께 생장습성, 망활, 한해, 파성, 보리누른모자이크병에서 다른 군집과 차별되는 특이성이 확인되었다. 이러한 특성평가 항목에 의한 대표성과 특이성, 그리고 각 군집에 따른 특성의 조합은 특성 간의 상호적 관계와 관련이 있을 것으로 추정되어 상관관계를 분석하였다. 그 결과 1수립수와 보리누른모자이크병이 높은 상관성(상관계수 0.79)을 보였고, 종자연구에서 중요한 지표로 사용되고 있는 천립중은 낮은 상관계수이지만 이삭조성(0.31), 이삭길이(0.23), 병와성(0.24), 이삭모양(0.28), 보리누른모자이크병(0.23), 1수립수(0.43), 조단백함량(0.29)과 관련이 있을 것으로 추정된다. 본 연구에서 사용된 연구방법과 결과는 신품종개발, 육종산업에 활용가능한 정보를 제공하고, 이를 통해 농업유전자원의 활용성 제고와 연구 선진화에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2018

Solanum berthaultii is one of the wild diploid Solanum species, which is an excellent resource in potato breeding owing to its resistance to several important pathogens. On the other hand, sexual hybridization between S. berthaultii and S. tuberosum (potato) is limited because of their sexual incompatibility. Therefore, cell fusion can be used to introgress various novel traits from this wild species into the cultivated potatoes. After cell fusion, it is crucial to identify fusion products with the aid of molecular markers. In this study, the chloroplast genome sequence of S. berthaultii obtained by next-generation sequencing technology was described and compared with those of five other Solanum species to develop S. berthaultii specific markers. A total sequence length of the chloroplast genome is 155,533 bp. The structural organization of the chloroplast genome is similar to those of the five other Solanum species. Phylogenic analysis with 25 other Solanaceae species revealed that S. berthaultii is most closely located with S. tuberosum. Additional comparison of the chloroplast genome sequence with those of the five Solanum species revealed 25 SNPs specific to S. berthaultii. Based on these SNPs, six PCR-based markers for differentiating S. berthaultii from other Solanum species were developed. These markers will facilitate the selection of fusion products and accelerate potato breeding using S. berthaultii.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.274-282
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• 2019

Female Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii were crossed with male Russian sturgeon A. gueldenstaedtii and the development, ontogenetic behavior, and phototactic characteristics of the resultant hybrid prolarvae were examined. The fertilization rate of the hybrid group was similar to that of Siberian sturgeon (the maternal species), and the overall developmental characteristics of hybrid embryos were not significantly different from those of either parental species. The time window from first hatch to the completion of hatching was wider in Russian sturgeon than in Siberian and hybrid sturgeon groups. The prolarval viability of the hybrid group was similar to that of the maternal species, and significantly higher than that of the paternal species. Hybrid prolarvae displayed ontogenetic behavioral patterns that were quite similar to those of Siberian sturgeon. In an illumination preference test, hybrid prolarvae displayed significant positive phototaxis, similar to the maternal species, and clearly distinct from the negative phototactic character of the paternal species. Taken together, our data indicate that the prolarval traits of hybrid sturgeon from this cross more closely resemble those of the maternal than the paternal species.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2012

정교배체인 각시붕어, Rhodeus uyekii (♀)${\times}$떡납줄갱이, R. notatus (♂) 잡종, 그리고 상반교배체인 떡납줄갱이 (♀)${\times}$각시붕어(♂) 잡종을 대상으로 혈액도말을 통한 적혈구 크기, flowcytometry를 통한 세포유전학적인 형질 및 truss dimension과 classical dimension에 의한 외부 계측형질에서의 특성을 부모종간의 차이를 비교하였다. 각시붕어와 떡납줄갱이의 정교배체 및 상반교배체의 계측형질은 일반적으로 이들 유도시 사용된 모계와 부계 종의 중간을 보였다. 정교배체는 14개의 계측형질이 부계의 형질과 유사하였으며 7개의 계측형질이 모계의 형질과 유사하였다. 상반교배체의 경우, 13개의 계측형질이 부계의 형질을, 5개의 계측형질이 모계의 형질과 유사하였다. 정교배체와 상반교배체의 체색소 분포는 중간을 보이나 양친 종을 닮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 적혈구 크기와 DNA 함량은 정교배체와 상반교배체 모두 모계의 적혈구 크기 및 DNA 함량을 따르는 경향이 나타났다(P<0.05). 본 연구에서 파악된 각시붕어와 떡납줄갱이의 잡종 계측형질 및 세포유전학적인 형질은 납자루아과의 관상어 개발시 종간 구별에 유용할 것이다.