• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.445-456
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• 2020

Fungal species belonging to the genus Penicillium are indigenous to a wide range of natural environments. Since the first published reports detailing the discovery of Penicillium, new species have been identified in various countries, including Korea. We present here a full characterization of five species of Penicillium that were previously unreported in Korea. Based on the morphologic characteristics and sequences of genes encoding fungal ��-tubulin and calmodulin, we identified five Penicillium species, including P. hetheringtonii, P. sublectaticum, and P. jacksonii, which have been unrecorded in Korea, and confirming P. maximae and P. cremeogriseum, as the endophytic fungi isolated in Gyeongsang province, Korea. In this article, we provide detailed morphological descriptions of these fungal species.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1537-1541
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• 2015

Previous detection methods for Citrobacter are considered time consuming and laborious. In this study, we have developed a rapid and accurate detection method for Citrobacter species in pork products, using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (MS). A total of 35 Citrobacter strains were isolated from 30 pork products and identified by both MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing approaches. All isolates were identified to the species level by the MALDI-TOF MS, while 16S rRNA gene sequencing results could not discriminate them clearly. These results confirmed that MALDITOF MS is a more accurate and rapid detection method for the identification of Citrobacter species.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2009

Discriminating between eel species of the genus Anguilla using morphological characteristics can be problematic, particularly in the glass eel and elver stages. In this study, sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were developed for the identification of Anguilla japoniea, Anguilla btcoior bicaor. Anguilla rostrata, and Anguilla anguilla. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments from A. japoniea (362 bp), A. bicolor bicctor (375 bp), A. rostrata (375 bp), and A. anguilla (375 bp) were isolated, sequenced, and converted to SCAR markers. The principal difference between the SCARs of A. japoniea and the three other species is the absence of a 13 bp deletion in the A. japoniea SCAR. Specific PCR primers amplified a 290 bp fragment for A. japoniea and 303 bp fragments for A. bicolor bicoior. A. rostrata, and A. anguilla. Restriction enzyme digestion with Taql, Mael, and Tru9l yielded PCR-RFLP patterns with differences that, when analyzed together, are sufficient for distinguishing each of the four eel species. In addition, RAPD fragments for A. japoniea (577 bp), A. bicoior bicoor (540 bp), A. rostrata (540 bp), and A. anguilla (509 bp) were also isolated and sequenced. The A. japoniea, A. bicoior blcoior. A. rostrata, and A. anguilla PCR products contain ten, nine, nine, and eight tandem repeats, respectively, of a 37 bp sequence. These results suggest that SCAR and PCR-RFLP markers and repeat numbers for specific loci will be useful for the identification of these four Anguilla eel species.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.30-33
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• 1970

This studies' objective methods of identifying fish species are based on the species-specific protein-separation patterns obtained on electrophoresis of watersoluble sarcoplasmic proteins of fish muscle. As the proteins must be in their native undenatured state, electrophoretic identification of fish species has, so far, been restricted to raw fish. An extention of the electrophoretic method to the identification of cooked fish is discribed. The protein fragments extractable in 10M urea from the denatured proteins of cooked muscle can also be separated by electrophoresis into species' characteristic patterns that could be used for species identification. The separation patterns obtained on polyacrylamide gel for the urea extracts of cooked Mugil cephalus, Gadus macrocephalus, Scomberomorus niphonius, Scomber japonicus, Pseudosciaena manchurica, Seriola quinqueradiata, Trichius lepturus, Duderleinia berycoides, Lophimus setigerus, Pampus argenteus are presented. In its present form the method does not apply to canned fish.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2017

Armillaria species are non-obligate root pathogens, as well as facultative parasites. The genus consists of about 40 species with worldwide distribution that are difficult to identify morphologically. Their hosts include conifers, hardwoods, vines, and even herbs. These fungi contribute to natural thinning and succession of vegetation in forests and decompose wood to develop edible fruiting bodies from spring to autumn. Its genets have a lifespan of up to 2000 years and have been found to occupy as much as 960 ha of forest land. Recently, forest tending work such as thinning of forests has resulted in the creation of tree stumps that support the growth of Armillaria, and these mushrooms have become an income source in mountainous areas. Therefore, identification of these species is needed. We review the difficulties in identification, suggest a species identification key for Korean indigenous species, and discuss the significance of Armillaria in terms of forest ecology and plant pathology.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.40-53
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• 2019

Of the Acinetobacter spp., A. baumannii (genospecies 2) is the most clinically significant in terms of hospital-acquired infections worldwide. It is difficult to perform Acinetobacter-related taxonomy using phenotypic characteristics and routine laboratory methods owing to clusters of closely related species. The ability to accurately identify Acinetobacter spp. is clinically important because antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical relevance differs significantly among the different genospecies. Based on the medical importance of pathogenic Acinetobacter spp., the distribution and characterization of Acinetobacter spp. isolates from 123 clinical samples was determined in the current study using four typically applied bacterial identification methods; partial rpoB gene sequencing, amplified rRNA gene restriction analysis (ARDRA) of the intergenic transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the 16~23S rRNA, the $VITEK^{(R)}$ 2 system (an automated microbial identification system) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). A. baumannii isolates (74.8%, 92/123) were the most common species, A. nosocomialis (10.6%, 13/123) and A. pittii isolates (7.5%, 9/123) were second and third most common strains of the A. calcoaceticus-A. baumannii (ACB) complex, respectively. A. soli (5.0%, 6/123) was the most common species of the non-ACB complex. RpoB gene sequencing and ARDRA of the ITS region were demonstrated to lead to more accurate species identification than the other methods of analysis used in this study. These results suggest that the use of rpoB genotyping and ARDRA of the ITS region is useful for the species-level identification of Acinetobacter isolates.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.190-193
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• 1982

Conclusion: The results of this study are encouraging for the development of a set of interpretable diagnostic criteria for a reasonably reliable identification of some species. The present study has been limited in the characteristics studied and was made on relatively poor photography. Further study on high quality photography, over wider areas and including such additional characteristics as crown texture and shadow intensity should prove useful. A preliminary examination has been made of some photo-image characteristics of a number of important tree species on large scale (1:9,000) contact prints of panchromatic mm. The characteristics studied were crown image tone, and shape. Image tone was estimated against a standard grey-scale and shows within-species consistency and a range between species. Crown shapes were subjectively assessed but there appears to be a within-species consistency and interpretable between-species differences. The results of this trial suggest that it should be practicable to make a number of important species distinctions by photo-interpretation with a useful degree of reliability. Other characteristics beside those studied might be usefully examined. Photography: Hand-printed glossy contact prints of vertical 1:9,000 scale panchromatic photography of Kwangnung Experimental Forest flown May 1964. The filter used is unknown (probably minus-blue). The camera is unknown but was probably a military type K-17 or K-22 with 6"(apostfophy) lens. The photography shows notably poor resolution. Species: 143 individual trees ranging through 11 species (7 softwood, 4 hardwood) were included in the study. A range of size classes were included for each species.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.41-41
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• 2015

Oomycetes belong to the kingdom Straminipila, a remarkably diverse group which includes brown algae and planktonic diatoms, although they have previously been classified under the kingdom Fungi. These organisms have evolved both saprophytic and pathogenic lifestyles, and more than 60% of the known species are pathogens on plants, the majority of which are classified into the order Peronosporales (includes downy mildews, Phytophthora, and Pythium). Recent phylogenetic investigations based on DNA sequences have revealed that the diversity of oomycetes has been largely underestimated. Although morphology is the most valuable criterion for their identification and diversity, morphological species identification is time-consuming and in some groups very difficult, especially for non-taxonomists. DNA barcoding is a fast and reliable tool for identification of species, enabling us to unravel the diversity and distribution of oomycetes. Accurate species determination of plant pathogens is a prerequisite for their control and quarantine, and further for assessing their potential threat to crops. The mitochondrial cox2 gene has been widely used for identification, taxonomy and phylogeny of various oomycete groups. However, recently the cox1 gene was proposed as a DNA barcode marker instead, together with ITS rDNA. To determine which out of cox1 or cox2 is best suited as universal oomycete barcode, we compared these two genes in terms of (1) PCR efficiency for 31 representative genera, as well as for historic herbarium specimens, and (2) in terms of sequence polymorphism, intra- and interspecific divergence. The primer sets for cox2 successfully amplified all oomycete genera tested, while cox1 failed to amplify three genera. In addition, cox2 exhibited higher PCR efficiency for historic herbarium specimens, providing easier access to barcoding type material. In addition, cox2 yielded higher species identification success, with higher interspecific and lower intraspecific divergences than cox1. Therefore, cox2 is suggested as a partner DNA barcode along with ITS rDNA instead of cox1. Including the two barcoding markers, ITS rDNA and cox2 mtDNA, the multi-locus phylogenetic analyses were performed to resolve two complex clades, Bremia lactucae (lettuce downy mildew) and Peronospora effuse (spinach downy mildew) at the species level and to infer evolutionary relationships within them. The approaches discriminated all currently accepted species and revealed several previously unrecognized lineages, which are specific to a host genus or species. The sequence polymorphisms were useful to develop a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay for detection of airborne inoculum of B. lactucae and P. effusa. Specificity tests revealed that the qPCR assay is specific for detection of each species. This assay is sensitive, enabling detection of very low levels of inoculum that may be present in the field. Early detection of the pathogen, coupled with knowledge of other factors that favor downy mildew outbreaks, may enable disease forecasting for judicious timing of fungicide applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.125.1-125
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• 2003

Pepper anthracnose is one of the major limiting factors in pepper production. Boring last over 10 years, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides has been known as the most prevalent species among five Colletotrichum spp. involved as anthracnose causing agents. Recently, however, the change of major species with pepper anthracnose has been proposed. Identification study was peformed on 12 test isolates collected from anthracnose disease symptoms on pepper during 2001-2002 and 25 reference isolates obtained from several other host plants. The identification of the isolates with morphological observation and IfS region sequence comparison resulted that 11 ones from 12 test isolates colleted from pepper anthracnose during 2001-2002 were identified as C. acutatum. PCR using species-specific primers designed from ITS region sequence suggested a rapid diagnosis method in identifying C. acutatum from C. gloeosporioides.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.27
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• pp.63-82
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• 2006

We conducted species identification on the wooden materials of 10 pieces and grasses which come out from the seabed relics in Sibidongpado, Gunsan. This site is presumed to date from the Goryeo's relics. Species identification show that pieces of ship are pinus(4 pieces), ulmus(1 piece), platcarya(1 piece). Lepidobalanus(2 pieces), platcarya(2 pieces) came out from the others. Grasses are located between ceramics that were piled up. Grasses are supposed to be Phragmites Trin.