• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.225-247
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• 1987

Meiosis and postmeiotic mitosis in Boletus rubinellus were examined ultrastructurally. Meriosis occurred at the apex of the basidium. A sausage-shaped spindle pole body(SPB) was observed along with the presence of synaptonemal complexes during pachytene and a diglobular SPB was present on late pachytene or diplotene nuclei. During metaphase I, the monoglobular SPB at the spindle pole was surrounded bya membrane and the nuclear enveloope was discontinuous. At anaphase I, the chromosomes became better defined and formed a central spindle. The nucleolus was extruded from the nucleus. During anaphase I, the SPB was excluded from the chromosomal region by a membrane and both poles were fully separated to opposite sides of the basidial wall. In meiosis II, the two nuclei divided synchronously and the spindles were parallel. The spindles were smaller than in meiosis I, while the SPB was approximately the same size as that of the similar stage in meiosis I. During anaphasetelophase II, the SPB was surrounded by a cap of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that delimited it from the spindle. The postmeiotic interphase nuclei migrated to the mid-region of the basidium before migration to the spores. The SPB at this stage was diglobular. A postmeiotic mitosis occurred within the basidiospore, and the plane of the spindle was obique to the long axis of the spore. The spindle and SPB were smaller than at meiosis I and there were fewer nonchromosomal microtubules. At anaphase, the nucleolus was present inside the nuclear envelope but lateral to the spindle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.333-341
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the physical characteristics of sourdough starter containing red koji rice (SD1: 0%, SD2: 10%, SD3: 20% and SD4: 40%) and to compare the quality characteristics of sourdough breads containing 10% red koji rice powder with those of sourdough bread containing with vollsauer powder (VPB) and white wheat bread (WWB) prepared with starter SD1. The activity of ${\beta}$-amylase increased with increasing amount of red koji rice. Organic acids of sourdough starter with red koji rice (SD2, SD3 and SD4) were higher than that of sourdough starter SD1. The peak time, peak value width of tail, pH, and L value were high in WWB, while the proofing power and a and b values of WWB were lower than those of VPB and sourdough bread containing SD1 (SPB1), SD2 (SPB2), SD3 (SPB3), or SD4 (SPB4). The lowest pH, baking loss, and specific volume were observed with the VPB. The baking loss of SPB4 (sourdough bread containing SD4) was the highest (13.01%). Overall, hardness and springiness were low in sourdough bread containing red koji rice powder, whereas sourness and off-flavor were higher than in VPB. Results of specific volumes, hardness and sensory evaluation indicated that the addition of 10% red koji rice powder to sourdough starter can improve the quality characteristics of the sourdough bread.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.11-22
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• 2010

Recently, Fan and Dai introduced a Shifted Polynomial Basis and construct a non-pipeline bit-parallel multiplier for $F_{2^n}$. As the name implies, the SPB is obtained by multiplying the polynomial basis 1, ${\alpha}$, ${\cdots}$, ${\alpha}^{n-1}$ by ${\alpha}^{-\upsilon}$. Therefore, it is easy to transform the elements PB and SPB representations. After, based on the Modified Shifted Polynomial Basis(MSPB), SPB bit-parallel Mastrovito type I and type II multipliers for all irreducible trinomials are presented. In this paper, we present a bit-parallel architecture to multiply in SPB. This multiplier have a space complexity efficient than all previously presented architecture when n ${\neq}$ 2k. The proposed multiplier has more efficient space complexity than the best-result when 1 ${\leq}$ k ${\leq}$ (n+1)/3. Also, when (n+2)/3 ${\leq}$ k < n/2 the proposed multiplier has more efficient space complexity than the best-result except for some cases.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.256-260
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• 2011

Polygoni multiflori Ramulus, the stem of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., has been widely used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases. Presently, antinociceptive tests of the butanolic fraction of P. multiflorum (SPB) were performed using several thermal and chemical pain models. SPB had strong and dosedependent antinociceptive activities, both thermal and chemical, compared to the reference drugs Tramadol and Indomethacin. In combination with naloxone, the analgesic activity of SPB was unchanged indicating that the antinociceptive activity of SPB was not due to action as an opioid receptor agonist. The present results indicate the potential of SPB as an analgesic agent for pain control.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.512-513
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• 2007

Carbon/polymer based composite electrodes were fabricated by using Super p. Black(SPB) as a conductor and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder. This type of composite electrode are considered as excellent candidates for heating film and variable resistor applications. Aim of this work is the study of the Mechanical and Electrical properties on composite electrode by the contents of SPB and MWCNT, respectively. The composite electrode having 10~15 wt% of SPB show good electrical and mechanical properties. Mechanical and electrical properties are increased by the addition of MWCNT into the composite electrode.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.9B
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• pp.751-759
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• 2008

Carrier Ethernet backbone network integrates distributed layer-2 based metro networks. In this networks, Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) has been uscd as a main routing protocol that allows multiple spanning trees in a network. A better routing protocol called IEEE802.1aq - Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) is recently proposed, that generates the shortest spanning tree per a destination node. As SPB provides a routing path per a destination node, there is no way to adapt network traffic at normal condition. If we are free from the principle of "a spanning tree per a destination node", we can achieve adaptive routing. Based on this philosophy, we propose a new spanning tree based protocol - Edge Node Divided Spanning Tree (ENDIST). ENDIST divides an edge node into sub-nodes as many as connecting links from the node and each sub-node generates a single shortest path tree based on SPB. Depending on network or nodal status, ENDIST chooses a better routing path by flow-basis. This added traffic engineering ability contributes to enhanced throughput and reduced delay in backbone networks. The simulation informs us that ENDIST's throughput under heavy load performs about 3.4-5.8 and 1.5-2.0 times compared with STP's and SPB's one respectively. Also, we verified that ENDIST's throughput corresponds to the theoretical upper bound at half of cases we investigated. This means that the proposed ENDIST is a dramatically enhanced and the close-to-perfect spanning tree based routing schemes.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.310-319
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• 2020

Korea estimates the traffic noise by measuring the total traffic noise when the traffic passes (SPB; Statistical Pass-By). Another method (CPX; Close Proximity) directly measures the tire/road noise by installing a microphone near the tire. The CPX method is not a formal test method in Korea. There has been little research between CPX and SPB. This study proposes a method for estimating SPB, using the CPX, which is easy to measure. This study used the results of a large-scale test conducted by Korea Expressway Corporation (KEC) and a research paper on CPX in this section. The results by the KEC showed that the low noise pavement has a noise reduction of 10.4dB. In CPX research, the noise reduction was 10.7dB and was similar to 10.4dB in SPB. This study shows why the noise reduction is the same regardless of the position, the reason that the amount of noise reduction is similar, the difference of the noise according to the position of the microphone using the concept of noise summation and distance reduction. This study shows that including the CPX as a variable in the traffic noise prediction program is very important to improve noise prediction reliability.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.32.1-32.11
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• 2022

Background: Classical swine fever (CSF) is a severe infectious disease of pigs that causes significant economic losses to the swine industry. Objectives: This study developed a solid-phase blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (spbELISA) method for the specific detection of antibodies against the CSF virus (CSFV) in porcine serum samples. Methods: A spbELISA method was developed based on the recombinant E2 expressed in Escherichia coli. The specificity of this established spbELISA method was evaluated using reference serum samples positive for antibodies against other common infectious diseases. The stability and sensitivity were evaluated using an accelerated thermostability test. Results: The spbELISA successfully detected the antibody levels in swine vaccinated with the C-strain of CSFV. In addition, the detection ability of spbELISA for CSFV antibodies was compared with that of other commercial ELISA kits and validated using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. The results suggested that the spbELISA provides an alternative, stable, and rapid serological detection method suitable for the large-scale screening of CSFV serum antibodies. Conclusions: The spbELISA has practical applications in assessing the vaccination status of large pig herds.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.218-229
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• 2003

A new biotelemetry method that the installation and the treatment of equipment is convenient and the instantaneously detailed location of the fish attached the pinger is able to track comparatively easily was developed. The receiving system in this biotelemetry method was advanced for track the detailed behavior of the fish by the miniature tracking pinger, because it was a burden to fish to add the pinger with the water temperature and the pressure sensor. By combining of the super short base line (SSBL) method to detect the direction of pinger and the pinger synchronizing method to measure the range from receiving transducer to pinger, the three dimensional locations of fish to the receiving transducer is gotten instantaneously. The receiving system is devised to realize the high precision or wide detection range by application of the basic design method for receiving system of biotelemetry developed by the present authors and the hydrophone array configuration. The measurement distance error in the pinger synchronizing method is minimized through the correction of which the deviation of transmission pluse period of pinger is caused by changing water temperature. A prototype system which is able to track the instantaneously detailed location of the fish by the SSBL and pinger synchronizing biotelemetry (SPB) method was produced.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.09a
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• pp.125-128
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• 2001

본 논문은 파동분할(Wave partitioning) 방식을 이용한 순차적(Sequential) 메쉬 부호화 방식을 제안한다. 파동분할 방식은 호수에 물방울이 퍼져 나가는 자연 원리를 이용하여 초기 삼각형의 주위에 삼각형을 덧붙여 가면서 하나의 SPB(Small Processing Block)을 만들어내는 방식이다. 이 방식을 이용하여 하나의 모델을 서로 독립적인 SPB로 분할하고, 각각의 SPB 내에서 초기 삼각형을 중심으로 그것에 덧붙여진 삼각형에 의해 만들어진 원 또는 반원을 찾는다. 또한 그 원주를 따라 순차적으로 꼭지점을 구하면 각각의 꼭지점들은 일정한 패턴으로 늘어서게 되고, 이를 이용하여 연결성 정보 없이 부가 정보만 이용하여 모델을 순차적으로 무손실 부호화한다.