• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.395-402
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• 2000

This study was carried out to explore the hypocholesterolemic effect of dehyulled defatty soy flour and its possible mechanisms including endocrine status, cholesterol biosynthesis, and fecal excretion in rats. Animals fed casein were used as control and each phospholipid compared with casein feeding. Cholesterol concentrations in all lipoprotein fraction were significantly lower in defatted soy flour group compared with casein-fed control. Defatted soy flour feeding also significantly lowered hepatic total lipid, cholesteol and TG, and increaed fecal bile acid excretion by 270% compared with casein feeding. Defattd soy flour feeding had no significant effect on plasma thyroid hormone levels and hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutary coenzyme A(HMG-CoA) reductase activity. However, plasma T4 concentration was slightly elevated and HMG-CoA reductase activity was suppressed in defatted soy flour group. These metabolic alterations partially explain the reduced plasma and hepatic cholesterol levels of rats fed defatted soy flour.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.191-194
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• 2002

3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol(3-MCPD) was analyzed in soy sauce products commercially available in Korea. A total of 24 samples were collected and 3-MCPD was determined by GC/MS. Sources of 24 samples were classified by manufacturing methods as naturally brewed(NB), acid hydrolyzed (AH) and mixed (M = NB + AH) soy sauces. 3-MCPD was not detected in NB soy sauce products (< 0.01 ppm, mg/kg) whereas AH and M soy sauce products showed a wide range of 3-MCPD contamination (0.0l ∼ 2.038 ppm). The contaminated levels of 3-MCPD in soy sauce products were higher than the permissible or tentative permissible level of 3-MCPD in both European Community (0.02 ppm) and Korea (0.3 ppm). These data suggest that 3-MCPD levels contaminated in soy sauce products in Korea were shown to be too high and should be reduced to as low a level technologically feasible to protect Korean from the exposure to toxic chemical, 3-MCPD.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.183-191
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• 1990

본 연구에서는 농축대두단백으로 만든 두유에 4종의 유제품을 여러 가지 농도로 가하고 5종의 젖산균(Lactobacillus 4종, Leuconostoc 1종)의 산생성과 생육을 관찰한 후에 유제품을 첨가하여 만든 대두요구르트의 관능성을 조사하였다. 두유에 첨가된 유제품의 농도를 증가시킴에 따라 젖산균의 산생성은 점차로 증가하였으며, 첨가된 유제품 가운데 유청분말이나 탈지분유가 전지분유나 조제분유보다 젖산균의 산생성을 촉진시켰다. 특히 유청분말은 유제품의 첨가농도가 낮을 때 산생성 촉진효과가 높았으며, 전지분유는 산생성 촉진효과가 유제품 가운데 가장 낮았다. 젖산균 산생성의 경시적인 변화를 보면 표준시료(포도당 첨가 시료). 유제품 첨가 시료 어느 경우나 배양시간이 경가함에 따라 산생성은 현저하게 증가하였다. 배양 초기부터 12시간까지는 포도당 시료의 산생성이 가장 높았으나 18시간 이후에는 유청분말 시료의 산생성이 가장 높았다. 전지분유 시료는 전 실험 기간에 걸쳐서 산생성이 가장 낮았다. 대두요구르트의 관능성을 보면 전지분유 시료와 탈지분유 시료의 향미(香味)는 표준시료(포도당 첨가시료)보다 우수하였으나 유청분말 시료와 조제분유 시료의 향미(香味)는 표준시료보다 저조하였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the sensory quality attributes for the development of soy sauce containing an extract of the fruit of Hovenia dulcis Thunb (Hutgae), also known as liver function improvement and hangover removal. Aqueous extracts of Hutgae fruit and Hutgae fruit-soy sauce were used for determining the sensory evaluation. The intensity of the sweet smell and taste was predominated in the Hutgae fruit extract (p<0.05). Various seasoning items, such as apples, pears, dried figs, Korean bramble (Bokbunja), citron (Yuza) and sun-dried hot pepper (Taeyangcho), were used to determine the suitable type of seasoned soy sauce with the Hutgae fruit extract. In the sensory analysis, the highest overall preference (acceptance score 5) was obtained from the pear extract added to soy sauce with the Hutgae fruit. The overall preference of Yuza (score 4.9) and Taeyangcho (score 4.5) extracts also very well-matched the seasoning items for soy sauce with the Hutgae fruit extract. There was no difference among the extract mixtures of multi-seasoning items added to soy sauce with the Hutgae fruit extract. As more pear extract was added, a higher overall preference was obtained. On the other hand, as the more Yuza extract was added, the higher flavor intensity without the change of the overall preference was obtained. The overall preference of soy sauce with the pear- Yuza-Taeyangcho extract mixture was not different between with or without the Hutgae fruit extract. However, the overall preference (score 5.6) was significantly higher in the pear extract added to soy sauce with the Hutgae fruit extract compared with the pear extract added to soy sauce without the Hutgae fruit extract (score 4.8). These results suggest that soy sauce with the Hutgae fruit-pear extract mixture may be useful as a functional seasoning for various salad dressings.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.1880-1886
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• 2007

This study was conducted to examine the effects of different soy-oil and soy-lecithin levels on growth performance, nutrient utilization and serum parameters in broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty 1-day-old Arbor Acres chicks were randomly divided into 4 groups and treated as follows: basal diet with 2% soy-oil (SO); soy-oil and soy-lecithin mixture in proportion of 75/25 (SOL1), 50/50 (SOL2) and 2% lecithin (SL). At the end of the trial (42 d), birds in SOL1 group grew faster (p<0.05) and had better feed conversion efficiency (p<0.05) than other groups while SL group had the lowest performance (p<0.05). The utilization of ether extract was improved in SOL1 group (p<0.05) but apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and utilization of other nutrients decreased in SOL2 and SL group from 19 to 21 d. No significant effects were observed in apparent metabolizable energy, dry matter, crude protein and ether extract but the utilization of calcium and phosphorus was significantly improved in SL group (p<0.05) during 39 to 42 d. The birds fed with lecithin had lower serum total cholesterol and triglyceride than the control group (SO). Broilers fed with 2% lecithin (SL) had the highest insulin level (p<0.05). The results implied that soy-lecithin and soy-oil in a proportion of 25:75 had the highest growth performance and that soy-lecithin had cholesterol lowering capacity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.1779-1786
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• 2020

Objective: To evaluate soy sauce oil (a by-product of making whole soybean soy sauce) as a new dietary lipid source, a large amount of soy sauce oil was administered into the rumen of dairy cows. Methods: Four Holstein dairy cows fitted with rumen cannulae were used in a 56-day experiment. Ruminal administration of soy sauce oil (1 kg/d) was carried out for 42 days from day 8 to day 49 to monitor nutritional, physiological and production responses. Results: Dry matter intake and milk yield were not affected by soy sauce oil administration, whereas 4% fat-corrected milk yield and the percentage of milk fat decreased. Although ruminal concentration of total volatile fatty acids (VFA) and the proportion of individual VFA were partially affected by administration of soy sauce oil, values were within normal ranges, showing no apparent inhibition in rumen fermentation. Administration of soy sauce oil decreased the proportions of milk fatty acids with a carbon chain length of less than 18, and increased the proportions of stearic, oleic, vaccenic and conjugated linoleic acids. Conjugated linoleic acid content in milk became 5.9 to 8.8 times higher with soy sauce oil administration. Blood serum concentrations of non-esterified fatty acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, total cholesterol, free cholesterol, esterified cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid increased with administration of soy sauce oil, suggesting a higher energy status of the experimental cows. Conclusion: The results suggest that soy sauce oil could be a useful supplement to potentially improve milk functionality without adverse effects on ruminal fermentation and animal health. More detailed analysis is necessary to optimize the supplementation level of this new lipid source in feeding trials.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제8권
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• pp.1-9
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• 1967

Korean soy-sauces were orepared by the ordinary and impreved method and its analyses on the organic acid. The results obtained is as following: 1. In analysing general components of prepared soy-sauce, total acid, volatile acid and non-volatile acid were found more in improved soy-sauce than in ordinary soy-sauce. 2. Volatile organic acid were analysed by gas-chromatography method. As a result, the followings was attained: a) In the ordinary soy-sauce, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were detected. Butyric acid was in the highest amount and then propionic acid, acetic acid and formic acid are followed in the order. b) In the improved soy-sauce, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid were detected. Acetic acid was in the highest amount and then propionic acid, butyric acid and formic acid are followed in the nrder. 3. Non-volatile organic acid were analysed by paper partition chromatography method. As a result, the followings were attained: a) Lactic, glutaric, fumaric, malonic, malic, glycolic, oxalic, tartaric, and succinic acid and two unknown spots were detected in ordinary soysauce. Lactic acid was in the highest amount and then succinic, glycolic, oxalic, tartaric, glutaric, malic, fumaric and malonic acid are followed in the order. b) Lactic, glutaric, malonic, malic, glycolic, tartaric, succinic and tgalacturonic acid and two unknown spots were detected in the improved soy-sauce. Lactic acid was in the highest amount and then succinic, glycolic, malic, glutaric, tartaric, galacturonic and malonic acid are followed in the order. 4. ${\alpha}-keto$ acid were analysed by paper partition chromatography. As a result, the followings were attained: Pyruvic acid and ${\alpha}-keto$ glutaric acid and an unknown spot were detected in the ordinary and improved soy-sauce. Pyruvic acid was in the highest amount and then ${\alpha}-keto$ glutaric acid are ollowed in the order. 5. Stale flavor in the ordinary soy-sauces seems to be partly affected by butyric acid and propionic acid. 6. Substances influencing taste, such as lactic acid and succinic acid, were found more in improved soy-sauce than ordinary soy-sauce.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.92-99
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• 1989

본 연구에서는 농축대두단백으로 두유를 만들고 protease를 이용하여 대두단백질을 여러가지 정도로 가수분해한 후, 단백질이 일부 가수분해된 두유에서 L. acidophilus 또는 L. bulgaricus의 생육과 산생성을 관찰하고 제조된 대두 젖산균음료의 관능성을 조사하였다. protease 처리에 의하여 젖산균에 의한 산생성이 촉진되었는데 특히 L. acidophilus에 의한 산생성이 현저하게 촉진되었다. 그러나 pH와 생균수는 큰 변화가 없었다. 15분 가수분해 시료에서 이미 산도가 상당히 증가하였으며 그 후 3시간이 경과하여도 산도의 변화가 현저하지 않았다. 0.1% protease 처리로 대두젖산균음료의 전체적인 기호도가 다소 개선되었다. protease 처리 15분에 비단백태 질소의 함량이 상당히 증가하였고 2시간에 최대치에 도달하였다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.759-768
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• 2010

To improve the sensory acceptability of Kochujang with added Meju powder, Kochujang was prepared with added raw soy powder and roasted soy powder were added instead of Meju powder. These Kochujang were fermented for 45 days at $25{\pm}3^{\circ}C$ and examined for changes in their physicochemical properties and sensory characteristics. Results were as follows. In the moisture content and acidity of Kochujang, the group with added Meju powder was the highest. There were no significant differences in the lightness (L value), although the group with added with Meju powder and raw soy powder were decreased in lightness over days of storage. For redness (a value), the group with added raw soy powder was the highest, and the group with added raw soy powder was decreased with increasing storage days. For yellowness (b value), the group with added roasted soy powder was the highest, and there was no significant difference over storage days. The reducing sugar content of Kochjang to which roasted soy powder was added was the highest, and the amino-nitrogen contents of Kochjang to which Meju powder was added was the highest In sensory evaluation, the Kochjang with added roasted soy powder had the best score in taste and overall acceptability. Therefore, these results suggest that roasted soy powder can be applied to Kochjang for enhanced sensory preference.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.541-554
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• 2021

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Isoflavones (ISFs) are effective in preventing bone loss, but not effective enough to prevent osteoporosis. Mixtures of soy ISF and lecithin (LCT) were prepared and characterized in an attempt to improve the bone loss. MATERIALS/METHODS: The daidzein (DZ) and genistein (GN) solubility in soy ISF were measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The change in the crystalline characteristics of soy ISF in LCT was evaluated using X-ray diffraction analysis. Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted to evaluate and compare ISF bioavailability. Animal studies with ovariectomized (OVX) mice were carried out to estimate the effects on bone loss. The Student's t-test was used to evaluate statistical significance. RESULTS: The solubility of DZ and GN in LCT was 125.6 and 9.7 mg/L, respectively, which were approximately 25 and 7 times higher, respectively, than those in water. The bioavailability determined by the area under the curve of DZ for the oral administration (400 mg/kg) of soy ISF alone and the soy ISF-LCT mixture was 13.19 and 16.09 ㎍·h/mL, respectively. The bone mineral density of OVX mice given soy ISF-LCT mixtures at ISF doses of 60 and 100 mg/kg daily was 0.189 ± 0.020 and 0.194 ± 0.010 g/mm³, respectively, whereas that of mice given 100 mg/kg soy ISF was 0.172 ± 0.028 g/mm³. The number of osteoclasts per bone perimeter was reduced by the simultaneous administration of soy ISF and LCT. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of preventing bone loss and osteoclast formation by ingesting soy ISF and LCT at the same time was superior to soy ISF alone as the bioavailability of ISF may have been improved by the emulsification and solvation of LCT. These results suggest the possibility of using the combination of soy ISF and LCT to prevent osteoporosis.