• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.1020-1027
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• 2003

The development of an automatic delivery sorter requires enormous cost and time, and actually it is a key business which gains control of the future of postal service for national economy. In this paper, we select executive alternatives considering the restrictive conditions both in physically and technically such as installation location, OCR location, and the types of VCS. Then, we evaluated selected alternatives through the analysis of a cost and a performance. And we also performed economy analysis reflecting on the qualitative factors.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11b
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• pp.378-387
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• 2000

A rice mill plant with a capacity of 2.5 ton/hr was constructed with automated facilities at Chonnam National University. A simulation model was developed with SLAM SYSTEM for evaluating and improving the rice mill plant. The developed model was validated in the views of hulling efficiency, milling efficiency, milled rice recovery, other materials produced, and bottlenecks in the processes. The results of hulling efficiency, milling efficiency, milled rice recovery in the simulation were, respectively, 81.1%, 89.5%, and 73.1%, while those of the actual mill plant were 81.5%, 90.2%, and 73.5%. The simulation results including the productivity of other materials(chaff, bran, broken rice, stone, etc) produced in the processes were almost similar with those of the actual process. In the simulation the bottlenecks were found out in the processes of separating brown rice and of sorting colored rice. These phenomenon also appeared in the actual process. It needed to increase the hourly capacity of the brown rice separator and the rice color sorter. As the developed model could well express the automated rice mill plant, it could be used for designing and improving rice mill plants. In addition, an alternative model needed to be developed for the system control more accurately and for increasing the rice quality.

• Agribusiness and Information Management
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.42-49
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• 2012

This study introduces cases of individual feeding systems for sow and the sow sorters which are the subparts of an eco-friendly feeding and management system based on a u-IT program using the hog feeding and management information system. The purpose of this study is to conduct an analysis of economic feasibility on cases of the improvement of the system using the u-IT and to provide information on the positive effects of an introduction of an eco-friendly pigsty and hog feeding and management system to hog raisers and government officials. The literature review and background section examine the effects of the introduction of u-IT technology into the field of livestock raising, hog feeding and management information system, and the eco-friendly feeding and management system based on the u-IT. This paper will present the results of the analysis on the effects and the economic feasibility of the individual feeding system for sow and the sow sorter utilizing the u-IT technology and information systems. The results of this study will contribute to the sustainable development of the hog raising industry by showing that the new feeding and management system utilizing the u-IT can not only increase the efficiency and productivity of farm management but also contribute to efficient, eco-friendly hog feeding and management.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.84-92
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• 2010

색채선별기는 양질의 곡물 유통을 위해 불량곡물, 이물질을 선별하는 시스템이다. 기존의 색채 선별기는 PC기반 제어시스템으로서 비교적 고가이고 부피가 크며 현장 환경에서 기계적 충격이나 먼지등에 취약하다는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위해 운영체제가 탑재된 임베디드 제어기 기반의 색채선별기를 제안한다. 색채선별기는 기본적으로 곡물의 유입량 및 속도를 조절해 주는 피터부, 곡물의 영상을 받아 이미지를 처리해 주는 카메라부, 카메라부에서 받은 정보를 이용해 양품과 불량품을 분리해 주는 이젝터부로 구성된다. 본 논문에서는 개발된 지능형 색채선별기용 ARM 프로세서 기반 임베디드 제어기의 하드웨어 구성, 피더부, 카메라부, 이젝터부 간의 통신프로토콜을 이용한 총괄관리 제어와 그래픽 사용자 인터페이스(GUI)를 소개한다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 1994

Planting, transplanting, and harvesting are important processes for the successful production of farm products in Korea because those require the high labor intensity during limitted period. Recently, many researches of using automatic control with a microcomputer are carried in the agricultural field, but are not much spread to the seeder development. Automatic sowing technology would be much attractive if there was a way to assure that each seed was count accurately in the seed metering device. Thus, an automatic seed metering device was designed and constructed to be controlled by microcomputer. This device could be improved in not only counting the number of seeds in but also sowing seeds between row spacings. Automatic seed metering device consisted of conveyor belt and temporary storage device. Performance of seed metering device depends on the apparatus including sensor, stepping motor and DC-solenoid. Research contents and results are summarized as follows. 1. The seed metering device involving seed hopper, sorter and temporary storage device was designed and constructed. 2. A seed counting system with six photo electric sensors, designed and built for this project, was adequate for tranferring and counting seeds accurately. 3. Operating algorithm for stepping motor and photo electric DC-solenoid was developed. The Seed metering device proved to be a smooth and accurate operating device using the algorithm. 4. The performance of second prototype metering device was examined with five kinds of seeds ; mung beans, red beans, white beans, black beans and corn to transfer and count the seeds. The error ratio of seed metering was less than 3.5%.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.217-221
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• 2008

Free-living Naegleria fowleri leads to a fatal infection known as primary amebic meningoencephalitis in humans. Previously, the target cell death could be induced by phagocytic activity of N. fowleri as a contact-dependent mechanism. However, in this study we investigated the target cell death under a non-contact system using a tissue-culture insert. The human microglial cells, U87MG cells, co-cultured with N. fowleri trophozoites for 30 min in a non-contact system showed morphological changes such as the cell membrane destruction and a reduction in the number. By fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis, U87MG cells co-cultured with N. fowleri trophozoites in a non-contact system showed a significant increase of apoptotic cells (16%) in comparison with that of the control or N. fowleri lysate. When U87MG cells were co-cultured with N. fowleri trophozoites in a non-contact system for 30 min, 2 hr, and 4 hr, the cytotoxicity of amebae against target cells was 40.5, 44.2, and 45.6%, respectively. By contrast, the cytotoxicity of non-pathogenic N. gruberi trophozoites was 10.2, 12.4, and 13.2%, respectively. These results suggest that the molecules released from N. fowleri in a contact-independent manner as well as phagocytosis in a contact-dependent manner may induce the host cell death.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.6 no.10
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• pp.2563-2573
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• 1999

In most mail automatic processing centers, after facing and canceling, letter mails are passed through an Optical Character Recognition/Barcode Sorter(OCR/BS) to read the postal code and 3 of 5 fluorescent (luminescent) barcode is applied. Normally, 31%∼35% of this mails are rejected. The main reasons for reading failures are poor printing quality of addresses and barcodes, script printing, writing in a cursive hand, variety fonts, and failure to locate the address. Our goal is to provide mailer with top quality service and customer barcode service as we move toward 100% barcoding automation of letter mail. In this paper, we propose a method of printing 3 of 5 customer barcode, postal code management, and detection of postal code based on postal address for increase the performance of automatic processing system in mail items. Using postal code generating rules, which are automatically extracted from postal addresses and address numbers, creates postal codes. The customer barcode support system is implemented by C++ language and runs on IBM PC under Windows 95.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.9-23
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• 2009

Objectives : Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways by many cells such as mast cells, Th2 lymphocytes and eosinophile. The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of Salviae miltiorrhizae (SM) on T cell cytokine production, mast cells. and eosinophils, Methods : We screened 13 herbs to find compounds with potential to control Th cytokine production. using concanavalin A (con A)-activated splenocyte cultures. Con A-activated $IFN-\gamma$ and IL-4 levels in supernatants of splenocyte cultures. Bone marrow derived mast cells (BMMC) were incubated with SM and then the expressions of membrane proteins of BMMC were analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS). BALB/c mice sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) were challenged with aerosolized OVA for 6 weeks. During the last weeks some mice were treated with SM. Then eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) were counted and pathologic changes of lung tissue were observed with hematoxylin-eosin stain. Results : SM increased $IFN-\gamma$ level on splenocyte culture significantly. but had no significant effects on expressions of ICAM-1, CD62L, integrin $a_4$. c-kit, IL-3 receptors. CD11a, or IgE receptors of BMMC. SM treatment significantly inhibited eosinophil infiltrates in BALf and peribronchial lung inflammation. Conculusions : The present data suggested that SM may have an effect on Th cytokine secretion and eosinophils associated with asthma responses. Therefore SM might be of therapeutic value in treating asthma.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.239-247
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• 2001

The Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorter (FACS) is a well-established instrument used for identifying, enumerating, classifying and sorting cells by their physical and optical characteristics. For a miniaturized FACS device, a disposable plastic microchip has been developed which has a hydrodynamic focusing chamber using soft lithography. As the characteristics of the spatially confined sample stream have an effect on sample throughput, detection efficiency, and the accuracy of cell sorting, systematic fluid dynamic studies are required. Flow visualization is conducted with a laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), and three-dimensional flow structure of the focused sample stream is reconstructed from 2D slices acquired at $1\mutextrm{m}$ intervals in depth. It was observed that the flow structure in the focusing chamber is skewed by unsymmetrical velocity profile arising from trapezoidal cross section of the microchannel. For a quantitative analysis of a microscopic flow structure, Confocal Micro-PIV system has been developed to evaluate the accelerated flow field in the focusing chamber. This study proposes a method which defines the depth of the measurement volume using a detection pinhole. The trajectories of red blood cells (RBCs) and their interactions with surrounding flow field in the squeezed sample stream are evaluated to find optimal shape of the focusing chamber and fluid manipulation scheme for stable cell transporting, efficient detection, and sorting

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.78-104
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• 1994

Under the fee for service schedule of Korean health insurance system, rational fee for dental laboratory products based on the cost is required to be formulated. The purpose of this study was to find actual cost of dental laboratory products in case of a University Hospital. Materials of this study were used as follows : 1. Balance sheet at Dec. 31, 1992 and profit and loss report of the year 1992 of the sample hospital 2. Performance report of dental laboratory department. 3. Purchasing and other accounting bills of dental laboratory materials. The following methods were used. 1. Actual cost finding of dental laboratory department was performed. 2. Work sampling methods were used for measuring standard working time by the process of working. 3. To porcelain fused to metal crown(non-precious), Relative value of the cost of dental laboratory products was calculated as 1.00. 4. Fee and cost of those products were compared on the basis of Relative values. The results of the study can be summarized as follow : 1. Overall, it took longs time than other items. to product denture-related items. 2. When several teeth are made in a time, average production time is much sorter than when one tooth is made in a time. 3. The relative price cost of Dicor cast crown and denture related items are higher than the criterion items. 4. The material cost occupies average 11% out of the total price cost, proportion of personnel expenses is average as 60.0%. 5. Some of the components consisting of the price cost are not reflected adequately in setting the level of the reimbursement price. 6. Relative values of dental laboratory products price cost are varied in the range from 0.05 to 2.83, overall, the reimbursement price of dental products appears not to reflect adequately the price cost. On the basis of this study results, the following ideas would be suggested : 1. Fee Schedule of dental laboratory products should be renovated in order to reflect their costs. 2. Dental laboratory product manufacturers should be enlarged for the economy of scale which may be useful for cost- containment. 3. Dental laboratory producters themselves are required to be standardiqed according to the categories of skill.