• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.48 no.3
• /
• pp.151-176
• /
• 2023

This paper critically examines the role performance of local distributors within the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) model, while also considering the moderating influence of market competition on the organism (O) and response (R) elements. Adopting a holistic approach, the SOR model provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing how external stimuli, including distributive, procedural, and interaction unfairness, interact with internal psychological processes, such as perceived unfairness, to shape the long-term orientation of importing agents. Moreover, this study acknowledges the pivotal role of market competition in the operational context of local distributors. It posits that competitive market dynamics play a crucial role in intensifying the relationship between behavioral factors and the long-term orientation of distributors, thereby revealing contingent effects within the SOR model. Through the exploration of these dynamics, this study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the interplay among external stimuli, internal psychological processes, and market competition within the SOR framework, advancing our knowledge in this field.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.39 no.7
• /
• pp.26-36
• /
• 2002

Mach-Zehnder type traveling-wave optical modulators with 3-section and 5-section phase reversal were designed and fabricated on z-cut $LiNbO_3$ substrates. Optical waveguides were designed by means of the FDM(Finite Difference Method). Design of CPW traveling-wave electrodes were performed by the SOR(Successive Over Relaxation) in the active region and by the CMM(Conformal Mapping) in the input/output section. The optical response R(${\omega}$ calculated based on the measured S-parameters showed the bandwidth of 15GHz centered at 25GHz for the 3-section, and the bandwidth of 22GHz at 45GHz for the 5-section.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
• /
• v.41 no.9
• /
• pp.571-577
• /
• 2017

In this numerical study, the separation efficiency of three-phase separator in an oil-sand plant was studied with various inlet head configurations. The free water knockout (FWKO) vessel was designed with a flow rate of $15.89m^3/day$ (100 bbl/day) and the SOR(stream-to-oil ratio)=3.5 was derived using Stokes' law. For modularization, optimization of the design of the inlet head configuration was performed with parallel-connected dual FWKO vessels. The feed condition of bitumen emulsion was API=17, $T_{in}=150^{\circ}C$ and $P_{in}=50bar$. A mean residence time was determined the time when 95% of the oil and water in FWKO vessel was separated. The combination between the volume of fluid (VOF) and the discrete phase model (DPM) was used to simulate the phase separation phenomenon in a multi-phase separator. Furthermore, in order to calculate multi-phase flow the pseudo-transient method was adopted.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
• /
• 1990.06a
• /
• pp.58-72
• /
• 1990

유체 윤활 이론에 의한 저어널 베어링의 해석은 그 적용 버위가 넓기 때문에 다양하게 연구되어왔다. 근래에는 열적 효과의 중요성 때문에, 윤활유의 점도와 온도와의 관계, 윤활유 주입홈에서의 윤활유 혼합현상, Cavitation현상, 고속에서 윤활유의 난류현상, 윤활유 주입구의 위치 그리고 경사진 베어링 축이 유막에 미치는 영향 등 다양한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 반원주형 윤활홈을 갖는 저어널 베어링의 주입 윤활유의 열효과가 베어링 부하량과 마찰에 미치는 영향 등을 고찰하였고, 본 연구를 수행하기 위해, 베어링 Bush와 Shfft벽에서 여러가지 열전달 겅계 조건을 가정한 가운데 Reynolds 방정식을 Energy 방정식과 동시에 수치해석적으로 풀었다. 수치해석 방법은 FDM(Finite Difference Method) 중 SOR(Successive Over-Relaxation)Technigue을 이용하였다. 또한 윤활유 점도와 온도의 관계는 지수함수(Exponential Function) 형태로 취했다. 주입 윤활유 온도와 압력 그리고 윤활홈의 형태 등을 변화시켜가며 베어링 성능에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.375-384
• /
• 2004

Switching phenomenon of a three-waveguide optical coupler was analyzed by using the coupled mode theory, and the coupling-length of the device was calculated by means of the FDM. CPW traveling-wave electrodes were designed by the CMM and SOR simulation techniques so as to satisfy the conditions of phase-velocity and impedance matching. Traveling-wave modulators were fabricated on a z-cut LiNbO$_3$ substrate. Ti was in-diffused in LiNbO$_3$ to make waveguides and Au electrodes were built on the waveguides by the electroplating technique. Insertion loss and switching voltage of the optical modulator were about 4 ㏈ and 15.6V. Network analyzer was used to obtain S parameters and corresponding RF response. From the measurement, parameters of the traveling-wave electrodes were extracted as such Z$_{c}$=39.2 $\Omega$, Neff=2.48, and a0=0.0665/cm((GHz) (1/2)). The measured optical response R(w) was compared with the theoretically estimated and both responses were shown to agree well. The measurement results revealed that the ㏈ bandwidth turned out to be about 13 GHz.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 1984

A computer program (DIFSIM: Diffusion SIMulator) was written to calculate the impurity profile, specifically boron and phosphorus, due to three different diffusion processes-predeposition, drive-in in inert ambient, and drive-in in oxidizing ambient. The vacancy mechanism including Fair and Tsai's theory for phosphDrus diffusion was widely incorporated for modeling various diffusion processes. The concentrationtependent oxidation rate was also explained using the vacancy model, while the oxidation - enhanced diffusion was mo dolled using catkins replacement mochanlsm . The simulation results using DIFSIM showed a fairly good agreement with the experimental data by adjusting some of the empirical parameters in the program. The results obtained using DIFSIM were compared with the results from SUPREM II.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.476-487
• /
• 2009

The virtual memory system in 4.4 BSD operating systems exploits a clustering scheme to reduce disk I/Os in paging out (or flushing) modified pages that are intended to be replaced in order to make free rooms in memory. Upon the page out of a victim page, the scheme stores a cluster (or group) of modified pages contiguous with the victim in the virtual address space to swap disk at a single disk write. However, it fails to find large clusters of contiguous pages if applications change pages not adjacent with each other in the virtual address space. To address the problem, we propose a new clustering scheme called Multiple-Object Clustering (MOC), which together stores multiple clusters in the virtual address space at a single disk write instead of paging out the clusters to swap space at separate disk I/Os. This multiple-cluster transfer allows the virtual memory system to significantly decrease disk writes, thus improving the page-out performance. Our experiments in the FreeBSD 6.2 show that MOC improves the execution times of realistic benchmarks such as NS2, Scimark2 SOR, and nbench LU over the traditional clustering scheme ranging from 9 to 45%.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.172-183
• /
• 2010

Virtual memory systems (VM) reduce disk I/Os caused by page faults using page prefetching, which reads pages together with a desired page at a page fault in a single disk I/O. Operating systems including 4.4BSD attempt to prefetch as many pages as possible at a page fault regardless of page access patterns of applications. However, such an approach increases a disk access time taken to service a page fault when a high portion of the prefetched pages is not referenced. More seriously, the approach can cause the memory pollution, a problem that prefetched pages not to be accessed evict another pages that will be referenced soon. To solve these problems, we propose an adaptive page prefetching control scheme (APC), which periodically monitors access patterns of prefetched pages in a process unit. Such a pattern is represented as the ratio of referenced pages among prefetched ones before they are evicted from memory. Then APC uses the ratio to adjust the number of pages that 4.4BSD VM intends to prefetch at a page fault. Thus APC allows 4.4BSD VM to prefetch a proper number of pages to have a better effect on reducing disk I/Os, though page access patterns of an application vary in runtime. The experiment of our technique implemented in FreeBSD 6.2 shows that APC improves the execution times of SOR, SMM, and FFT benchmarks over 4.4BSD VM by up to 57%.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.33-51
• /
• 2022

Purpose: The online market is growing the most in history due to the expansion of non-face-to-face commerce. In addition, as consumers' interest in health, food safety, and environment increases, interest in and consumption of eco-friendly agricultural products is also increasing. Therefore, in the case of a specialty store that sells eco-friendly organic agricultural products, a marketing strategy that can increase customer loyalty by reflecting these consumer needs is necessary. In this study, the store attributes of eco-friendly food stores are classified into location, assortment, price, quality, and employee service, and the effect of each store attribute on utilitarian and hedonic value is investigated. Research design, data, and methodology: The subjects of this study were customers who visited an eco-friendly food store. Of the 511 survey responses, 311 were used for statistical verification, excluding 200 who had not visited within the last 3 months. For statistical analysis, Smart PLS 3.0 was used, and after checking the validity and reliability of the items, hypothesis testing was performed. Result: As a result of the study, it was found that assortment, quality, and employee service among store attributes had a positive (+) effect on utilitarian and hedonic value. Second, location had no significant effect on utilitarian and hedonic value. Third, price did not appear to have a positive (+) effect on the utilitarian value, and it was found to have a positive (+) effect on the hedonic value. Fourth, It was investigated whether the presence or absence of delivery service had an effect on store attributes between utilitarian and hedonic value, and it was found that there was a significant effect between employee service and hedonic value. Conclusions: Among eco-friendly food store environment management will be required in order to provide food that meets the tastes and needs of consumers by diversifying the taste, standard, and quality grade of food, and to maintain or improve the quality. In order to unlike other stores, eco-friendly food stores have high price resistance from the point of view of consumers, so it is necessary to diversify promotional media such as YouTube and SNS to raise awareness of eco-friendly organic food.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.545-554
• /
• 2003

Design of the optical modulator composed of a three-waveguide coupler and CPW traveling-wave electrodes was carried out. Switching phenomena of three-waveguide couplers were analyzed by using the coupled mode theory, and the coupling-lengths of the devices were calculated by means of the FDM. CPW traveling-wave electrodes were analysed by the CMM and SOR simulation technique in order to find the conditions of phase-velocity and impedance matching. Traveling-wave modulators were fabricated on z-cut LiNbO$_3$ substrate. Ti was in-diffused in LiNbO$_3$ to make waveguides and Au electrodes were built on the waveguides by the electrolyte technique. The fabricated modulator chip was end-polished, pig-tailed and packaged in a brass mount with K-connector. The insertion loss and the switching voltage of the optical modulator were about 4㏈ and 19V, respectively. Network analyzer was used to obtain the S parameter and the corresponding RF response. From the measurement, parameters of the traveling-wave electrodes were extracted to be Z$_{c}$= 45 Ω, N$_{eff}$=2.20, and $\alpha$$_{0}$=0.055/cm√GHZ. The measured optical response R($\omega$) was compared with the theoretically estimated one, showing both responses agree well. The measurement results revealed that 3㏈ bandwidth turned out to be about 13 GHz.