• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.75-79
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• 2005

This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant activity of Lespedeza bicolor extract, by measuring electron-donating ability (EDA) using 1,1-diphenyl-2-piciyl hydroxyl (DPPH), superoxide dismutase-like activity (SODA) by pyrogallol, and nitrite-scavenging ability. The EDA of water and ethanol extracts in nitrite-scavenging ability of ethand extract showed the highest values of $82.02\%$ and $75.56\%$, respectively. The SODA increased with the concentations of extract, which was $17.21\~44.08\%$ in ethanol extract $19.89\~29.86\%$ in pressure-water extract and $16.53\~20.0\%$ in water extract respectively. The nitrite-scavenging ability of ethanol extract (pH 1.2, 1000ppm) was $99.53\%$ that was higher than both $85.84\%$ in water extract and $74.72\%$ in pressure-water extract at pH 3.0 was also the highest as $98.20\%$.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

From the total methanolic extract of Gardenia jasminoides (Rubiaceae), various antioxidative characteristics were identified in terms of nitrite scavenging ability, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical cation inhibition, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, and elongation effect of lipid peroxidation using Rancimat. After successive partitioning with n-hexane, chloroform, n-butanol, and water, potent nitrite scavenging abilities were shown in the n-butanol fraction and water fraction, and $IC_{50}$ values were 183 ppm and 194 ppm, respectively. As for ABTS radical cation inhibition, the chloroform fraction was most potent and its $IC_{50}$ was 159 ppm. SOD-like activity was slightly low in all of the fractions. The elongation effect of lipid peroxidation also increased dose-dependently and the antioxidative index (AI) of the total methanolic extract was 2.93 in 1000 ppm, which was more effective than 1.66 of butylated hydroxy anisol in the same concentration. The compounds I and II were isolated through silica gel column chromatography of the active fractions, and identified as geniposide and crocin, respectively, by $^1H-NMR$ spectral data. The $IC_{50}$ values for the nitrite scavenging abilities of geniposide and crocin were 940 ppm and 77 ppm, respectively. In ABTS radical cation inhibition, the $IC_{50}$ values of geniposide and crocin were 684 ppm and 549 ppm, respectively. And the $EC_{50}$ value for SOD-like activity of crocin was 259 ppm, which was much smaller than 453 ppm by the positive control, chlorogenic acid. The $EC_{50}$ value of geniposide could not be identified.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.5-12
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• 2010

Reactive Oxygen Species(ROS) are continuously produced at a high rate as a by-product of aerobic metabolism. Since tissue damage by free radical increases with age, the reactive oxygen species(ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide($H_2O_2$), nitric oxide(NO). Several lines of evidence provided that ROS appears to cause to develop aging-related various diseases such as cancer, arthritis, cardiovascular disease. In this study, we have conducted to investigate the biological activities of Hominis Placenta Herbal Acupuncture by measuring total polyphenol content, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, Superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity, Nitrite scavenging ability in vitro. The total polyphenol contents of Hominis Placenta Herbal Acupuncture was $24.6m{\ell}/m{\ell}$. Elctron donation ability on DPPH was 49.4%. The 2,2'-azinobis-3-ehtlbezothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical decolorization (ABTS) was 50.01%, similar 10 the DPPH free radical scavenging. The superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activities of hominis placenta herbal acupuncture was 50.876%. The nitrite scavenging abilities at pH 1.5, pH 3.0, pH 6.0 were 52.8%, 29.4%, 15.4%, respectively; these abilities decreased as pH increased. We conclude that Hominis Placenta Herbal Acupuncture may be useful as potential sources of antioxidant.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2004

Nutritional characteristics and antioxidation effects of Yakju brewed with natural plants(fine tree leaves, bamboo leaves, ginger, cinnamon and licorice root) were tested. With regard to the contents of phenolic compound, Yakju brewed with natural plants was about 1.7 times higher than Yakju which were not brewed with natural plants. In Yakju brewed with natural plants, lactose content was the highest but maltose was not detected. Minerals were detected in the order of P>K>Mg>Ca>Fe and the content of Fe and Na had a little changes during its 30 days storage. Amino acid contents were getting lower during storage. They were about 28% lower compared 3 days with 30 days storage. Electron donating ability of Yakju and its diluents were tested by DPPH. It was found that the electron donating ability of Yakju was lower as the dilution ratio got higher and as the storage terms got longer. Also, Yakju brewed with natural plants has 95.7∼96.7% of electron donating ability during 30 days storage without regard to its dilution ratio. Superoxide dismutase(SOD) like activity was in inverse proportion to dilution ratio and storage days. The highest SOD like activity was shown 51.5% and 53.9% in 3 days storage Yakju brewed with natural plants and in its 2 times diluents, respectively.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.29-35
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• 2015

Objectives : The objective of this research was to investigate the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of bio-fermented Sanguisorbae Radix extract.Methods : The Sanguisorbae Radix extract was fermented byStreptococcus thermophilus,and their products was tested for antibacterial activity against pathogenic microorganisms namely,Bacillus cereus,Bacillus subtilis,Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Vibrio parahaemolyticusandSalmonella typhimuriumby paper disc diffusion method and the antioxidant activities of extract was evaluated by five different assays as electron donating ability(EDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activity, polyphenol, flavonoid contents and nitrite scavenging ability.Results : The bio-fermented Sanguisorbae Radix extract was safe from heat. Antibacterial activity of fermented Sanguisorbae Radix extract appeared relatively highly againstBacillus cereusandStaphylococcus aureusand didn't show any difference. EDA in comparison to Vitamin C showed over 90% activity at about the same time of Sanguisorbae Radix extract expressed highly. SOD activity showed 15% in fermentation before and after. The nitrite scavenging ability of Sanguisorbae Radix extract before and after fermentation showed higher numerical value over 70% in pH 2.5 than that of butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT). But SOD activity, EDA and nitrite scavenging ability were not different between the Sanguisorbae Radix extract before and after fermentation. Total polyphenol content expressed over about 20 mg/g, and that of the Sanguisorbae Radix extracts was increased than that of the fermented Sanguisorbae Radix extracts.Conclusions : The results suggest the usefulness of developing functional materials using antioxidant active Sanguisorbae Radix extract was fermented bySalmonella typhimuriumwith high polyphenol contents and nitrite scavenging ability.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.91-98
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• 2010

This study was aimed to investigate the contents of flavonoids and the biological activity of fermented beverage of medical plants, DeulBit (DB). 50 g of Cassia semen (Cassia tora L.), 50 g of Omija (Schisandra chinensis Baillon.), 50 g of Gugija (Lycium chinense Mill), 50g of Menthae herba, 75 g of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne, 25 g of Dioscorea batatas, 5 g of Lindera obtusiloba Blume, 150 g of Polygonatum odoratum, 25 g of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 25 g of Acanthopanacis cortex, 100 g of green tea (Camellia sinensis), and 100 g of Laminaria japonica was fermented with sucrose ($50.0{\sim}60.0^{\circ}Brix$.) and 0.5% of deep sea water in 10 L of distilled water for six months at room temperature. Total flavonoids contents of DB was calculated to $3.4{\pm}0.5\;{\mu}g/g$ and antioxidative activity of DB was measured by using DPPH radical scavenging and SOD-like activity. DPPH radical scavenging and SOD-like activity of DB was 96% and 29% at 100% of DB, respectively. In addition, DB indicated about 88% and 66% of the xanthine oxidase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities at 1% and 10% of DB, respectively and showed fibrinolytic activity. Nitric oxide (NO) synthesis was increased to 15 times by addition of DB. In addition, NO productions of the macrophages RAW264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were reduced to 40.4% by addition of DB. These results suggested that DB is significant role for antioxidative and fibrinolytic activity, and have the strong xanthine oxidase and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory activities.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.520-531
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• 2007

In this study, we found that the moisture content of black sesame seeds increased in proportion to steaming time, and it decreased in reverse proportion to the roasting temperature and time. The crude fat and crude ash contents were shown to be in the order of steamed black sesame>raw black sesame and roasted black sesame>raw black sesame, Crude protein decreased in reverse proportion to the steaming time, and more crude protein was found in the raw black sesame samples than in the roasted black sesame samples. The contents of sesamin, sesamolin, and total lignans were shown to be in the order of roasted black sesame>raw black sesame>steamed black sesame. In the steamed black sesame samples, sesamin showed its highest level with 20 minutes of treatment, and sesamolin showed its highest level with 15 minutes of treatment. In the roasted black sesame samples, sesamin, sesamolin, and total lignans showed their highest levels with 15 minutes of treatment at $100^{\circ}C$. The phenolic compound content increased in proportion to steaming time in the steamed samples, and reached a peak after 15 minutes of treatment at $100^{\circ}C$, and then decreased after 20 minutes. SOD-like activity reached a peak after 15 minutes of treatment, and in the roasted sample it reached a peak after 15 minutes of treatment, and then decreased after 20 minutes. SOD-like activity was comparatively lower than tocopherol and higher than sesamol. The intensity of electron donating ability, following 30 minute treatments, was shown to be highest in the steamed black sesame samples after 25 minutes of treatment, and next highest in the roasted black sesame samples after 15 minutes at $100^{\circ}C$. The electron donating ability was comparatively lower than tocopherol and sesamol. With regard to lecithin's antioxidant effects, the steamed samples showed a higher oxidation restriction rate in proportion to time, and the roasted samples showed the highest rate after 15 minutes of treatment, and then decreased after 20 minutes of treatment. for hydroxyl radical scavenging, similar scavenging activity to tocopherol, and comparatively higher scavenging activity than sesamol, was shown in all samples: all samples showed scavenging abilities of 90% or higher. In summary, this study applied three different treatment methods to black sesame to determine the optimum treatment conditions, and also examined the antioxidant effects and functional characteristics. The results showed that roasting can be used for other purposes than producing oil, and also suggested that methods other than roasting can be used in a variety of ways in cooking. Also, the different treatment methods can be applied in cooking in a variety of ways, to enhance functionality and preference.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.275-285
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• 2022

In this study, we prepared two extracts using 1,3-butylene glycol (DBG) and ethanol (DET), with Diospyros kaki and determined the anti-oxidant, anti-aging, and whitening effects in vitro. Anti-oxidant activity was measured by DPPH and superoxide dismutase (SOD) method, and as a result, both DBG and DET extracts confirmed their anti-oxidant properties by exhibiting significant DPPH scavenging and SOD-like activities. For anti-aging activity, we measured elastase and hyaluronidase inhibition, and the inhibition of MMP-1 expression. Both DBG and DET significantly inhibited elastase and hyaluronidase activities dose-dependently, and MMP-1 expression was also reduced in both extracts. We also measured the whitening effects with tyrosinase activity and melanin production, but only DBG showed a decrease in tyrosinase. In summary, D. kaki extract has strong antioxidant, anti-aging, and whitening functions, and it is believed that it can be used as a cosmetic material in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.20-24
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate antioxidant activities of Mistletoe (MS) extracts by measuring electron donating ability (EDA), super oxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and total polyphenol content (TPC). The extracts were obtained using supercritical carbon dioxide, hot-water and ethanol extraction. EDAs was the higher in ethanol extract (70.53%) than water (36.73%) or supercritical carbon dioxide extract (15.73% at 400 bar, $30^{\circ}C$) at concentration of 10 mg/mL. However, SOD-like activities and TPCs were the highest in the supercritical carbon dioxide extract. At concentration of 1 mg/mL, supercritical carbon dioxide extract (22.54% at 200 bar, $40^{\circ}C$) was higher SOD activity than water (7.85%) and ethanol extract (6.12%). Regarding TPCs of MS extracts, the content was the highest in supercritical carbon dioxide extract (17.57 wt% catechin equivalent at 200 bar, $50^{\circ}C$) followed by ethanol and water extract. These results suggest that it can be useful to develop functional foods using antioxidative active compounds of MS with high polyphenol contents.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.569-576
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative, nitrite-scavenging, alcohol-metabolizing, and anti-inflammatory effects of black-cherry tomato juice (BCTJ) on LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The total phenol content of the BCTJ was $156.83{\mu}g\;tannic-acid-equivalent/ml$. The antioxidative effects of BCTJ were measured using DPPH radical-scavenging activity and SOD-like assay. DPPH radical-scavenging activity of BCTJ was increased in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05) and was 83.39% at 40%. SOD-like activity of BCTJ was 22.01% at 100%. The effects of BCTJ on alcohol-metabolism were determined by measuring generations of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (NADH) by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). ADH and ALDH activities were 198.87% and 181.89% at 40%, respectively. Nitric scavenging activities of BCTJ were 85.06%, 58.25%, and 43.68% at pH values 1.2, 3.0, and 6.0, respectively, at 50%. Anti-inflammatory effects were examined in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Nitric-oxide production was reduced to 83.55% by the addition of BCTJ at 10%. These results suggest that black-cherry tomato juice has great potential as a resource for natural health products.