• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.9
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• pp.1113-1119
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• 2007

Water extracts from root, stem and leaf of Ailanthus altissima were utilized to determine antioxidant properties such as electron donating ability (EDA), nitrite scavenging ability, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, and the inhibitory activities of xanthine oxidase (XO) and tyrosinase. The EDA of root extract was the highest as 77.33% at 0.5 mg/mL concentration and that of stem extract was 70.01% at 1.0 mg/mL. The nitrite scavenging ability of leaf extract revealed the highest effect as 95.18% at pH 1.2, 1.0 mg/mL while those of stem and root extracts were 55.17% and 33.33%, respectively. The leaf extract showed the highest SOD like activity as 26.77% at 1.0 mg/mL, the measurement of root extract was 3.82% and that of stem extract was not effective. All kinds of extracts had strong inhibitory activities on XO of over 92% at 1.0 mg/mL. The highest activity on tyrosinase inhibition was obtained from leaf extract of 16.33% at 2.0 mg/mL. The results indicated that among the three extracts, the leaf extract has a strong and extensive antioxidant activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.1146-1150
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• 2006

In the present study, the Lycium chinensis Miller was harvested at intervals of one month in order to distinguish outstanding species and to determine optimal harvest time. From these harvests, extracts were prepared from ethanol. The total usable sugar, betaine, and phenolic acid contents as well as electron donating ability and SOD liked activity of the extracts were then measured. While sugar content of the Lycium chinensis Miller showed no significant difference among the various species examined, usable sugar content of the crop harvested in November was higher than that of the crop harvested in August. The Lycium chinensis Miller was picked in August, September, October, and November and analyzed for betaine content. According to this analysis, betaine content was higher in the crop harvested in November than in that harvested in August. In particular, considerable difference in betaine content per species or harvest time was exhibited. The SOD-liked activity in all of the Lycium chinensis Miller extracts showed an alleviation effect of at least 90%. In addition, there was no significant difference according to either species or harvest time. On the other hand, SOD liked activity was higher in November than in August.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.716-722
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• 2006

Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is physiologically important in regulating cellular homeostasis and apoptotic cell death, and its mutations are the cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS). Mitochondrial serine protease HtrA2 has a pro-apoptotic function and has known to be associated with neurodegenerative disorders. To investigate the relationship between genes associated with apoptotic cell death, such as HtrA2 and SOD1, we utilized the pGEX expression system to develop a simple and rapid method for purifying wild-type and ALS-associated mutant SOD1 proteins in a suitable form for biochemical studies. We purified SOD1 and SOD1 (G93A) proteins to approximately 90% purity with relatively high yields (3 mg per liter of culture). Consistent with the result in mammalian cells, SOD1 (G93A) was more insoluble than wild-type SOD1 in E. coli, indicating that research on the aggregate formation of SOD1 may be possible using this pGEX expression system in E. coli. We investigated the HtrA2 serine protease activity on SOD1 to assess the relationship between two proteins. Not only wild-type SOD1 but also ALS-associated mutant SOD1 (G93A) were cleaved by HtrA2, resulting in the production of the 19 kDa and 21 kDa fragments that were specific for anti-SOD1 antibody. Using protein gel electrophoresis and immunoblot assay, we compared the relative molecular masses of thrombin-cleaved GST-SOD1 and HtrA2-cleaved SOD1 fragments and can predict that the HtrA2-cleavage sites within SOD1 are the peptide bonds between leucine 9-lysine 10 (L9-K10) and glutamine 23-lysine 24 (Q23-K24). Our study indicates that SOD1 is one of the substrate for HtrA2, suggesting that both HtrA2 and SOD1 may be important for modulating the HtrA2-SOD1-mediated apopotic cell death that is associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorder.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2011

To clarify the oxidative stress of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the effect of Chrysanthemum morifolium L. (CM) flower extract on the cultured neuroglial cells (C6 glioma) damaged by ROS, cell adhesion effect was measured by colorimetric assay after cultured C6 glioma cells were treated with various concentrations of glucose oxidase (GO) for 5 hours. For the antioxidative effect of CM flower extract, cell adhesion activity (CAA), superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity were assessed against GO-induced cytotoxicity on same cultures. In this study, GO remarkably decreased CAA dose-dependently, and the $XTT_{90}$ and $XTT_{50}$ values were measured at 15 mU/mL and 50 mU/mL following the treatment of C6 glioma cells with 5~60 mU/mL of GO. The CM flower extract significantly increased cell adhesion activity damaged by GO-induced cytotoxicity, and it also showed the SOD-like activity and the decrease of LDH activity. From these results, it is suggested that GO was cytotoxic on cultured C6 glioma cells, and CM flower extract showed antioxidative effects as shown by the increased CAA, SOD-like activity and the decrease of LDH activity on GO-induced cytotoxicity on the same cultures.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1545-1555
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• 2020

In the present study, we investigated the antioxidant activity of Aucklandia lappa Decne (AL). Cell viability was measured in an MTT assay. Antioxidant effects were evaluated based on total polyphenol/flavonoid contents, ABTS radical scavenging activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, SOD activity, and ROS content. AL was found not to be toxic at concentrations of 1 ㎍/mL, 10 ㎍/mL, and 100 ㎍/mL, respectively. The phenolic content was higher in AL-D than in AL-E, while the flavonoid content was higher in AL-E than in AL-D. AL-E exhibited higher ABTS radical scavenging activity than AL-D, and the EC50 values for BHA were 217.1 ㎍/mL in AL-D and 180.5 ㎍/mL in AL-E. AL-E also showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. EC50 values for BHA were 114.2 ㎍/mL in AL-D and 95.8 ㎍/mL in AL-E. The SOD-like activity of AL-E was higher than that of AL-D. The EC50 values for ascorbic acid were 48.5 ㎍/mL in AL-D and 72.9 ㎍/mL in AL-E, indicating that both AL extracts have a SOD activity higher than that of ascorbic acid. AL-E reduced relatively more ROS than AL-D. With 100 ㎍/mL AL-E, the reduction level was almost similar to that of dexamethasone. Our results demonstrate that AL have antioxidant effects, and we believe that they could be very valuable as raw materials for anti-aging products, based on their antioxidant activity.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.181-185
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• 2011

Objectives : The Zanthoxylum pericarpium has been used as oriental spicy seasoning and a medicinal plant from old times. This study was performed to determine the anti-oxidant efficacy of Zanthoxylum pericarpium extract and the anti-microbial effects. Methods : We got Zanthoxylum pericarpium extract using PSE (pressurized solvent extraction) method. The anti-microbial effect of Zanthoxylum pericarpium extract was assessed on Streptococcus mutans(S. mutans) and anti-oxidant effect of the extract was assessed by measuring DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD like activity. Results : 1. Zanthoxylum pericarpium extract had high anti-microbial activity on S. mutans. 2. DPPH radical scavenging activity significantly increased in the Zanthoxylum pericarpium extract. 3. SOD like activity also significantly increased in the Zanthoxylum pericarpium extract. Conclusions : The PSE extract from Zanthoxylum pericarpium has good anti-microbial and anti-oxidant effects in a concentration-dependent manner.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.11
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• pp.1573-1579
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• 2010

This research was performed to determine the antioxidant activity, nitrite scavenging activity, and its inhibitory activity on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), xanthine oxidase, $\alpha$-glucosidase, and elastase of hot water extract from pine bud (WPB). Antioxidant activity of WPB was measured by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. DPPH radical scavenging activity and SOD-like activity of WPB were remarkably increased in a dose-dependent manner, and were about 71.4 and 85.4% at 2 mg/mL, respectively. The xanthine oxidase and ACE inhibitory activities were about 70.9 and 51.9% at 2 mg/mL of WPB, respectively. Nitrite scavenging activity of WPB was about 59.1, 53.8, and 39.5% on pH 1.2, 3.0, and 6.0 at 2 mg/mL, respectively. The WPB also showed elastase and $\alpha$-glucosidase inhibitory effects. These results revealed that pine bud have strong antioxidant activity and positive effects on the inhibition of xanthine oxidase, ACE, and elastase.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Sericultural Science Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.66-70
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• 2003

The first line of antioxidant defense against reactive oxygen species includes the enzymatic activity of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) that catalyzes the disproportionation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide and water. The SOD mainly removes highly toxic $O_2$$^{[-10]}$ and also prevents $O_2$$^{[-10]}$ mediated reduction of iron and subsequent OH$^{[-10]}$ generation. Along with an interest in SOD as a first line of defense against damage mediated by the superoxide anion, the SOD1 enzyme has been subjected to investigation in the molecular and cellular level. (omitted)

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.630-644
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• 2003

A human Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD) was fused with a Tat PTD of HIV-1 to produce a novel anti-aging ingredient, Tat-SOD for cosmeceuticals. Test of stability and evaluation of transduction efficacy and enzymatic activity suggest Tat-SOD is an effective active ingredient for anti-aging treatment.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.8-17
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• 1999

This research employed a senescence-accelerated mouse(SAM) to explore the possibility that differences exist among the major antioxidatns, lipid peroxidation in terms of ability to protect such animal treatment PQ, SAM-R/1 and SAM-P/8 were administered with PQ(200ppm/Kg) orally. The toxicity of PQ on SAM was determined as a bioassays of SOD, catalase and lipid peroxidation in the mouse liver. The data show that the SOD activity was induced by paraqwuat terement in both SAM-R/1 and SAM-P/8. The degree of lipid peroxidation was increased with PQ treatment. This means that SOD rather than catalase may protect against oxygen radical toxicity. Finally, over data lead to the toxicity of PQ and its function may efect to the antioxidants including SOD, catalase and lipid peroxidation in both SAM-R/1 and SAM-P/8 .