• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.254-257
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• 2016

Background The postoperative speech outcomes of submucous cleft palate (SMCP) surgery are known to be poorer than those of other types of cleft palate. We attempted to objectively characterize the postoperative complications and speech outcomes of the surgical treatment of SMCP through a comparison with the outcomes of incomplete cleft palate (ICP). Methods This study included 53 SMCP patients and 285 ICP patients who underwent surgical repair from 1998 to 2015. The average age of the patients at the time of surgery was $3.9{\pm}1.9years$ for the SMCP patients and $1.3{\pm}0.9years$ for the ICP patients. A retrospective analysis was performed of the complications, the frequency of subsequent surgical correction for velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD), and speech outcomes. Results In both the SMCP and ICP patients, no cases of respiratory difficulty, bleeding, or wound disruption were noted. Delayed wound healing and fistula occurred in 18.9% and 5.7% of the SMCP patients and in 14% and 3.2% of the ICP patients, respectively. However, no statistically significant difference in either delayed wound healing or fistula occurrence was observed between the two groups. The rate of surgical correction for VPD in the SMCP group was higher than in the ICP group. In the subset of 26 SMCP patients and 62 ICP patients who underwent speech evaluation, the median speech score value was 58.8 in the SMCP group and 66 in the ICP group, which was a statistically significant difference. Conclusions SMCP and ICP were found to have similar complication rates, but SMCP had significantly worse speech outcomes.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2012

A submucous cleft palate(SMCP) is characterized by a midline deficiency or lack with/without incorrect positioning of muscular tissues in the soft palate, and by a bony defect in the midline or the center of the hard palate. Velopharyngeal incompetence(VPI) related to this SMCP has been managed by various surgical and prosthetic techniques. Because the individual diagnosis and treatment of SMCP patients was not easy to the speech pathologist and to the maxillofacial reconstructive surgeons, and for the better understanding and for the ideal approaches to the SMCP patients, we reviewed several recent articles about grading system in the SMCP caused by VPI, and summarized in this review article.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.542-550
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• 2020

Background This study aimed to identify the initial diagnostic characteristics and treatment status of children with submucous cleft palate (SMCP) and to examine the relationship between the timing of surgical correction and the degree of articulation and resonance improvement. Methods This retrospective study included 72 children diagnosed with SMCP between 2008 and 2016. The evaluation criteria were the age of the initial visit, total number of visits, age at the end of treatment, speech problems, resonance problems, and speech therapy. Results Children with SMCP first visited the hospital at an average age of 34.32 months, and speech problems were identified at an average age of 48.53 months. Out of 72 children, 46 underwent surgery at an average age of 49.74 months. Four of these children required secondary surgery at an average age of 83.5 months. Among the children who underwent surgery before 3 years of age, 70% exhibited articulation improvements, with mild-to-moderate hypernasality. Articulation improvements showed no statistically significant differences according to age at the time of surgery. However, children who underwent surgery before 4 years had a better hypernasality rating than those who underwent surgery after 4 years of age. Conclusions Children with SMCP tend to undergo delayed treatment because the anatomical symptoms in some children with SMCP are unclear, and surgical interventions are considered only after speech problems are clarified. Starting interventions as early as possible reduces the likelihood of receiving secondary surgery and speech therapy, while increasing expectations for positive speech function at the end.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.269-271
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• 2015

본 연구는 해사커뮤니케이션의 정의를 시도하고 그 특징과 방해요인을 파악하여 바람직한 해사영어교육 방향 모색을 위한 토대를 마련하고자 한다. 이러한 해사커뮤니케이션에 대한 고찰을 바탕으로 해상업무에서 영어의 간소화와 표준화를 통해 명확하고 효과적인 의사소통을 꾀하기 위해 만들어진 SMCP 교육을 중심으로 한 해사영어교육의 현황과 문제점을 고찰해보고자 한다. 그리고 해기전문인력이 갖추어야할 해사커뮤니케이션 역량을 정의하고, 국내 해기전문교육에 필요한 해사영어교육의 변화방향을 모색해보고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.280-281
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• 2015

해사영어는 SMCP(표준해사통신용어)를 기반으로 하는 특수목적영어의 한 분야로 콘텐츠 개발을 비롯한 학습과 훈련을 지원할 수 있는 해사영어훈련기관을 통해 효과적인 학습과 훈련이 제공되어 진다면 교육생을 단기간에 그 구사 능력을 상당한 수준에 이르게 할 수 있다. 이 연구에서는 우리나라 해양분야의 국제 경쟁력을 제고하고 새로운 일자리 창출을 위해 필수적인 해양산업 종사자들의 영어구사 능력개발을 위한 해사영어훈련센터(METC)의 필요성과 설립방안을 제시한다.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2017

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.19.1-19.6
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• 2019

Background: The submucous cleft palate (SMCP) is a type of cleft palate that may result in velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). Palate muscles completely separate oral and nasal cavities by closing off the velopharynx during functional processes such as speech or swallow. Also, hypernasality may arise from anatomical or neurological abnormalities in these functions. Treatments of this issue involve a combination of surgical intervention, speech aid, and speech therapy. This case report demonstrates successfully treated VPI resulted from SMCP without any surgical intervention but solely with speech aid appliance and speech therapy. Case presentation: A 13-year-old female patient with a speech disorder from velopharyngeal insufficiency that was caused by a submucous cleft palate visited to our OMFS clinic. In the intraoral examination, the patient had a short soft palate and bifid uvula. And the muscles in the palate did not contract properly during oral speech. She had no surgical history such as primary palatoplasty or pharyngoplasty except for tonsillectomy. And there were no other medical histories. Objective speech assessment using nasometer was performed. We diagnosed that the patient had a SMCP. The patient has shown a decrease in speech intelligibility, which resulted from hypernasality. We decided to treat the patient with speech aid (palatal lift) along with speech therapy. During the 7-month treatment, hypernasality measured by a nasometer decreased and speech intelligibility became normal. Conclusions: Surgery remains the first treatment option for patients with velopharyngeal insufficiencies from submucous cleft palates. However, there were few reports about objective speech evaluation pre- or post-operation. Moreover, there has been no report of non-surgical treatment in the recent studies. From this perspective, this report of objective improvement of speech intelligibility of VPI patient with SMCP by non-surgical treatment has a significant meaning. Speech aid can be considered as one of treatment options for management of SMCP.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.190-193
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• 2010

최근 해상교통관제사의 자격제도 및 평가제 제도의 도입이 활발하게 논의되고 있다. 전 세계의 상선대가 비영어상용국 출신의 다국적 선원으로 채워진 현실에서 관제사의 영어 구술능력 배양은 시급한 과제이다. 본 연구에서는 실제 현장에서의 선박항해자와 관제사간의 영어구사 현황을 중점적으로 살펴보고, SMCP에 규정된 표준관제영어와의 괴리를 지적하였다. 관제영어 학습 커리큘럼을 현장의 상황위주로 재구성할 것을 제안하였으며 항공분야에서 실시하고 있는 항공영어구술능력 평가 제도를 참고하여 해상교통관제 영어구술능력 평가 제도를 모색하여 보았다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2015.07a
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• pp.307-309
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• 2015

최근 VTS의 발전과 더불어 관제운영의 중요성이 날로 커지고 있음이 사실이다. 1일 하루의 시간은 정해져 있는 만큼 한정된 시간동안 어떻게 하면 관제 선박과의 효과적인 교신을 할지에 대한 논의가 필요할 것이다. 관제 절차에 따라 관제사의 역할이 중요한 만큼 효율적인 관제가 되기 위해서 SMCP의 사용과 더불어 한글로 된 관제용어의 표준화가 필요하다. 관제사 개인별 차이도 있는 만큼 관제용어의 표준화를 통하여 선박의 원활한 교신 유지와 더불어 관제센터에서 사용하는 관제교신일지의 표준화로 관제운영의 효율화를 모색해 보았다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.791-797
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• 2008

The officer of the deck(OOD) may sometimes have to carry out lookout as well as handling of auto pilot without a quartermaster at sea. The purpose of this paper is to develop the ship's auto pilot control module using speech recognition in order to reduce the potential risk of one man bridge system. The feature parameters predicting the OOD's intention was extracted from the sample wheel orders written in SMCP(IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases). We designed a pre-recognition procedure which could make some candidate words using DTW(Dynamic Time Warping) algorithm, a post-recognition procedure which made a final decision from the candidate words using the feature parameters. To evaluate the effectiveness of these procedures the experiment was conducted with 500 wheel orders.